不同的椎管内麻醉方式在老年病人股骨手术中的比较研究

目的：探讨适合老年病人股骨手术的椎管内麻醉方式。方法：选择老年病人63例，把病人分成3组；持续硬膜外麻醉组（EA组)21组，腰硬联合麻醉组(CSEA组)19例，单侧腰麻复合硬膜外麻醉组(OCSEA组)23例。分别作硬膜外麻醉、常规腰麻及单侧腰麻复合硬膜外麻醉，比较麻醉平面，麻醉效果及血压变化的情况。结果：硬膜外麻醉组的麻醉效果略差于另2组，CSEA组和OCSEA组的麻醉平面比EA组更易控制，OCSEA组的循环比其它2组更稳定。结论：小剂量、小容量、单侧腰麻复合硬膜外麻醉更适合老年病人下肢手术的麻醉。     

不同比重的布比卡因腰硬联合麻醉在剖宫产手术中的应用

目的观察重比重与等比重布比卡因腰硬联合的麻醉在剖宫产手术中麻醉效果。方法根据ASA标准将60例Ⅰ～Ⅱ级产妇随机分为重比重组和等比重组各30例。重比重组于L3～L4椎间隙腰穿,针斜面朝头侧,注入0.5%重比重布比卡因（0.75%布比卡因2 mL加10%葡萄糖1 mL混合液）1.8 mL,注射速度为0.2 mL/s,等比重组注入0.5%等比重布比卡因（0.75%布比卡因2 mL加0.9%生理盐水1 mL混合液）1.8 mL,注射速度为0.2 mL/s。分别于注药后2、5、10、15、20、25、30 min记录镇痛平面和下肢运动阻滞程度。结果等比重镇痛与运动阻滞维持时间明显短于重比重组（P〈0.05）,等比重组镇痛满意率和麻醉阻滞平面明显低于重比重组（P〈0.05）,两组的麻醉并发症和新生儿评分无显著差异。结论重比重布比卡因更适于剖宫产手术的麻醉。     

A randomised controlled trial comparing weight adjusted dose versus fixed dose prophylactic phenylephrine infusion on maintaining systolic blood pressure during caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia

BackgroundSpinal anaesthesia is the standard of care for elective caesarean delivery. It has advantages over general anaesthesia. However the sympathetic blockade induced by spinal anaesthesia results in an 80 percent incidence of hypotension without prophylactic management. Current evidence supports co-loading with intravenous fluids in conjunction with the use of vasopressors as the most effective way to prevent and treat the hypotension. Phenylephrine is the accepted vasopressor of choice in the parturient. A prophylactic phenylephrine infusion combined with a fluid co-load is proven to be an effective and safe method of maintaining maternal hemodynamic stability. While most published studies have assessed the effectiveness of a prophylactic phenylephrine fixed dose infusion, few studies have assessed the effect of a prophylactic phenylephrine weight adjusted dose infusion on maintaining maternal hemodynamic stability following spinal anesthesia for a cesarean delivery.ObjectiveTo compare the incidence of hypotension between women undergoing elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia, receiving prophylactic phenylephrine infusion at a fixed dose of 37.5 micrograms per minute versus a weight adjusted dose of 0.5 micrograms per kilogram per minute.MethodsOne hundred and eight patients scheduled for non-urgent caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia were randomized into 2 groups; control group and intervention group using a computer generated table of numbers.Control group; Received prophylactic phenylephrine fixed dose infusion at 37.5 micrograms per minute.Intervention group; Received prophylactic phenylephrine weight adjusted dose infusion at 0.5 micrograms per kilogram per minuteResultsThe two groups had similar baseline characteristics in terms of; Age, sex, weight and height. There was a 35.2% incidence of hypotension in the fixed dose group and an 18.6% incidence of hypotension in the weight adjusted dose group. This difference was found to be of borderline statistical significance p-value 0.05, and the difference in the incidence rates between the two groups was found to be statistically significant p= 0.03. The difference in the incidence of reactive hypertension and bradycardia between the two groups was not statistically significant: p-value of 0.19 for reactive hypertension and p-value of 0.42 for the incidence of bradycardia. There was also no statistically significant difference in the use of phenylephrine boluses, use of atropine, intravenous fluid used and the number of times the infusion was stopped.ConclusionAmong this population, the incidence of hypotension was significantly less in the weight adjusted dose group than in the fixed dose group. There was no difference in the number of physician interventions required to keep the blood pressure within 20% of baseline, and no difference in the proportion of reactive hypertension or bradycardia between the two groups. Administering prophylactic phenylephrine infusion at a weight adjusted dose of 0.5 micrograms per kilogram per minute results in a lower incidence of hypotension compared to its administration at a fixed dose of 37.5 micrograms per minute.     

静脉右美托咪啶在剖宫产术中对腰麻布比卡因阻滞效果的影响

目的观察静脉右美托咪啶在腰麻剖宫产术患者中对布比卡因阻滞时间的影响。方法将择期行剖宫产术的ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级50例产妇随机分为右美托咪啶组(DEX组)和0.9%氯化钠溶液组(NS组)。蛛网膜下腔穿刺给予0.5%布比卡因8 mg,胎儿娩出10 min后,DEX组予右美托咪啶1μg/kg,10 min输完后改为0.5μg/(kg·h)持续静注,NS组予等量0.9%氯化钠溶液静注直至术毕。记录腰麻布比卡因起效时间,感觉和运动阻滞持续时间,Ramsay镇静评分,记录胎儿娩出前(T0)、娩出后10 min(T1),试验药物给药后10 min(T2)、20 min(T3)、30 min(T4)的MAP和HR。记录药物不良反应发生率和新生儿Apgar评分。结果 DEX组的感觉和运动阻滞持续时间与NS组相比均显著延长(P0.05)。DEX组的Ramsay镇静评分显著高于NS组(P0.05),DEX组T2的HR明显低于NS组(P0.05),DEX组中有6例(24%)发生心动过缓。结论在腰麻剖宫产术患者中静脉泵注右美托咪啶,可以显著延长布比卡因的感觉和运动阻滞持续时间,提供满意的镇静效果,主要不良反应为心动过缓,对血流动力学和新生儿Apgar评分无明显影响。     

Type of anaesthesia for caesarean section and failure rate in Princess Marina Hospital,Botswana's largest referral hospital

BackgroundCaesarean Section (CS) is a mode of delivery to decrease maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. We aimed to determine the type of anaesthesia used for CS among live-birth deliveries; and the failure rate of spinal anaesthesia (SA) in Princess Marina Referral Hospital, Botswana.MethodsWomen who underwent CS from May-December 2017 were enrolled in the study. Data were recorded from anaesthesia charts and abstracted using Excel spreadsheet. We established the type of anaesthesia used, comparing the rate of elective versus emergency indications, and failure rate of SA using STATA. Fisher''s exact test used to compare results.ResultsAmong 2775 live-birth deliveries, 30.2% (837/2775) was by CS. Of those, 95.2% (797/837) had had SA and 4.8% (40/837) were GA. Under SA, 27.4% (218/797) were elective, and 72.6% (579/797) were emergency. Under GA 10% (4/40) were elective and 90.0% (36/40) were emergency. The overall failure rate of SA was 2% (16/813), that is 0.9% (2/220) for elective and 2.4% (14/593) among emergency indications; Fisher''s exact test p = 0.2959.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that single shot SA is the most commonly preferred type of anaesthesia for both elective and emergency CS. The overall failure rate of SA was less common in our settings than previously reported.     

不同治疗方法在急诊剖宫产恶心呕吐中的应用

目的观察不同治疗方法在急诊剖宫产术中恶心呕吐的应用。方法选择ASAI~II级104例急诊剖宫产手术患者,随机分为五组:指揉组(n=21)、恩丹西酮组(n=21)、甲氧氯普胺组(n=21)、氟哌利多组(n=21)和生理盐水组(n=20)。采用腰-硬联合阻滞麻醉,术毕实施术后镇痛(patient controlled epidural analge-sia,PCEA)。结果指揉组、恩丹西酮组与甲氧氯普胺组与氟哌利多组VAS评分基本相当,与生理盐水组比较(P>0.01),各实验组之间比较(P>0.05),表明指揉组、恩丹西酮组、甲氧氯普胺组和氟哌利多组疗效相同。结论指揉法在防治急诊剖宫产恶心呕吐中,简便易行,效果确切,副作用少,适用于术中轻度恶心呕吐;而甲氧氯普胺和恩丹西酮更适于程度较重的恶心呕吐;氟哌利多抗恶心呕吐的作用时间相对较长。     

芬太尼联合喷他佐辛在剖宫产后自控镇痛的临床研究

目的：观察芬太尼联合喷他佐辛在剖宫产后自控镇痛的效果及安全性。方法：选择在本院进行剖宫产的孕妇136例为研究对象,将孕妇随机分为观察组和对照组,每组68例。两组均采取腰硬联合阻滞后行剖宫产术,术后给予静脉自控镇痛。结果：术后两组总体VA S评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.145);两组各时点VAS评分比较无统计学差异(P=0.107);镇痛药与时间不存在交互作用(P=0.33)。观察组术后总体Ramsay评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.042);两组各时点Ramsay评分比较有统计学差异(P=0.027);镇痛药与时间存在交互作用(P=0.031)。两组产妇镇痛泵按压次数无统计学差异(P=0.137)。观察组不良反应发生率(5.9%)低于对照组(8.8%),但差异无统计意义(P=0.511)。结论：芬太尼联合喷他佐辛应用于剖宫产术后镇痛效果满意,且不增加不良反应。     

盐酸布比卡因对大鼠神经病理性疼痛的早期阻滞作用

目的:探讨盐酸布比卡因对大鼠L₅脊神经结扎术(SNL)引起的神经病理性疼痛的早期阻滞作用。方法:雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组:L₅SNL组:包括L₅SNL手术组和L₅SNL假手术组;L₅脊神经背根切断术(DR)组:包括L₅DR联合L₅SNL组、L₅DR假手术联合L₅SNL组、L₅DR联合L₅SNL假手术组;L₅背根节(DRG)节外注射盐酸布比卡因组:包括L₅SNL术后L₅DRG节外盐酸布比卡因注射组或HEPES缓冲液注射组。采用von Frey丝测试各组大鼠术侧及对侧后肢足底L₄脊神经支配皮肤区域特异性的疼痛反应;用免疫荧光组织化学染色技术检测大鼠L₅脊髓节段Iba-1的表达。结果:L₅SNL术后大鼠术侧50%爪缩阈值(P...     

氯胺酮复合芬太尼联合新斯的明术后镇痛效果观察

目的观察小剂量氯胺酮复合芬太尼联合新斯的明术后镇痛效果观察。方法选择下肢手术的成年患者40例,随机分为两组,每组20例。Ⅰ组:氯胺酮复合芬太尼静脉给药术后镇痛。Ⅱ组:氯胺酮复合芬太尼静脉给药联合新斯的明硬膜外给药术后镇痛。观察各组患者镇痛48 h内静息镇痛评分(VAS),恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、尿潴留和幻觉发生情况。结果两组间48 h静息镇痛评分Ⅱ组均小于Ⅰ组,但无显著性差别(P>0.05),两组间恶心呕吐发生率无显著性差异(P>0.05),均无幻觉、尿潴留、皮肤瘙痒发生。结论小剂量氯胺酮复合芬太尼静脉给药与联合新斯的明硬膜外给药均提供了满意的术后镇痛效果。     

Case report and mini literature review: anesthetic management for severe peripartum cardiomyopathy complicated with preeclampsia using sufetanil in combined spinal epidural anesthesia

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare entity, and anesthetic management for cesarean section of a patient with this condition can be challenging. We hereby present the anesthetic management of a patient with PPCM complicated with preeclampsia scheduled for cesarean section, along with a mini review of literature. A 24 year-old primigravida with twin gestation was admitted to our hospital with severe PPCM and preeclampsia for peripartum care, which finally required a cesarean section. Preoperative optimization was done according to the goal of managing left ventricular failure. Combined spinal epidural (CSE) anaesthesia with bupivacaine and sufentanil was used for cesarean section under optimal monitoring. The surgery was completed without event or complication. Postoperative pain relief was adequate and patient required only one epidural top up with sufentanil 6 hours after operation. To the best of our knowledge there is no report in literature of the use of sufentanil as a neuraxial opioid in the anesthetic management of cesarean section in a patient with PPCM. CSE with sufentanil may be a safer and more effective alternative in such cases.     

右美托咪定联合布托啡诺对剖宫产术后镇痛和恢复的作用

目的观察右美托咪定联合布托啡诺用于剖宫产术后患者自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)的效果,以及对患者术后恢复的影响。方法择期硬膜外麻醉下行剖宫产术初产妇84例,随机分为对照组:术后行PCIA,给予布托啡诺10 mg;实验组:胎儿娩出夹闭脐带后即刻静脉泵注右美托咪定0.5μg/kg,术后行PCIA,给予右美托咪啶200μg+布托啡诺10 mg。监测并记录平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)和脉搏血氧饱和度(Sp O2);术后对疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、镇静评分和不良反应观察记录;术后对24 h镇痛泵总按压次数以及追加补救镇痛药种类、次数记录。采用QoR-40量表(QoR-40)和FSS疲劳量表(FSS)评估产妇术后恢复情况。结果与对照组比较,实验组患者各时间点VAS评分、不良反应发生率和术后FSS疲劳量表评分均显著降低(P<0.05);镇痛泵按压次数显著减少(P<0.05);术后第3天QoR-40量表评分显著增高(P<0.05)。结论右美托咪定联合布托啡诺用于剖宫产术后PCIA可以减少布托啡诺的使用量,并且能够缓解患者术后疲劳,促进术后恢复。     

mu-Opioid receptor internalization-dependent and -independent mechanisms of the development of tolerance to mu-opioid receptor agonists: Comparison between etorphine and morphine

A growing body of evidences suggests that receptor desensitization is implicated in the development of tolerance to opioids, which is generally regulated by protein kinases and receptor trafficking proteins. In the present study, we demonstrated that repeated s.c. treatment with etorphine, but not morphine, produced a significant increase in protein levels of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2, dynamin II, beta-arrestin 2 and phosphorylated-conventional protein kinase C in membranes of the mouse spinal cord, suggesting that the etorphine-induced mu-opioid receptor desensitization may result from G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2/dynaminII/beta-arrestin2-dependent phosphorylation of mu-opioid receptors. Unlike etorphine, morphine failed to change the levels of these trafficking proteins. Furthermore, we found that the level of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the mouse spinal cord was clearly increased by chronic in vivo and in vitro treatment with morphine, whereas no such effect was noted by etorphine. In the behavioral study, intraperitoneal pretreatment with the glial-modulating agent propentofylline suppressed the development of tolerance to morphine-induced antinociception. In addition, intrathecal injection of astrocytes and astrocyte-conditioned medium mixture, which were obtained from cultured astrocytes of the newborn mouse spinal cord, aggravated the development of tolerance to morphine. In contrast, these agents failed to affect the development of tolerance induced by etorphine. These findings provide direct evidence for the distinct mechanisms between etorphine and morphine on the development of tolerance to spinal antinociception. These findings raise the possibility that the increased astroglia response produced by chronic morphine could be associated with the lack of mu-opioid receptor internalization.     

硫酸软骨素酶ABC联合高压氧预处理对脊髓损伤大鼠后肢运动功能的影响

目的探讨硫酸软骨素酶ABC(ChABC)联合高压氧预处理对成年大鼠脊髓损伤后不同时期后肢运动功能及腓肠肌运动终板内乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)含量的影响。方法雌性成年Wistar大鼠80只,体重250～300g,随机分为假手术组(Sham组)、脊髓损伤组(SCI组)、高压氧预处理组(HBOP组)、高压氧预处理后硫酸软骨素酶ABC治疗组(HBOP+ChABC组)各20只。采用脊髓半横断法制作模型,分别于伤后3d、7d、14d和28d随机选取5只大鼠,采用BBB评分(Basso,Beattie and Bresnaban score)法进行行为学观察,评分后经灌注固定,取大鼠患侧下肢腓肠肌,进行酶化学染色并应用Image-Pro Plus 6.0图像分析系统测量腓肠肌中AChE染色阳性部位平均光密度值(AOD值)。结果 Sham组大鼠BBB评分及AChE活性明显高于SCI组(P<0.01),HBOP组与HBOP+ChABC组在术后14d之后BBB评分明显高于SCI组(P<0.05),CHABC+HBOP组在术后28天BBB评分高于HBOP组(P<0.05)。HBOP组患侧腓肠肌AchE活性高于SCI组,HBOP+ChABC组高于HBOP组(P<0.05)。结论高压氧预处理可以改善大鼠患肢的运动功能和提高AChE的活性,联合硫酸软骨素酶ABC作用更强。     

Dexamethasone versus a combination of dexamethasone and ondansetron as prophylactic antiemetic in patients receiving intrathecal morphine for caesarean section

Background

Intrathecal morphine for caesarean delivery provides excellent postoperative analgesia but it is commonly associated with nausea and vomiting. This prospective, randomized, double blind study was carried out to compare the effectiveness of a combination of dexamethasone and ondansetron with dexamethasone alone for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) following intrathecal morphine injection for caesarean section.

Methods

A total of 108 parturients aged 18–40 years for elective caesarean section were randomized into 2 groups (n=54) to receive either intravenous dexamethasone 8mg (Group A) or a combination of intravenous dexamethasone 8mg and ondansetron 4mg (group B). The study drug for each group consisted of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine and 0.2mg morphine. The primary outcome variables were postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) which were assessed for a period of 24 hours. The patient''s vital signs were monitored and documented.

Results

The incidence of nausea and vomiting was significantly reduced in patients who received a combination of dexamethasone and ondansetron compared with dexamethasone alone (9.3% Vs 37%, respectively, P = 0.003).

Conclusion

This study showed that a combination of dexamethasone and ondansetron administered prophylactically significantly reduced the incidence of PONV in pregnant women on intrathecal morphine for caesarean section.     

Caesarean section increases the risk of hospital care in childhood for asthma and gastroenteritis

OBJECTIVE: To investigate if caesarean section (CS) increases the risk for childhood asthma and gastroenteritis with reference made to children born with vaginal delivery (VD). METHODS: Retrospective study of data from linked Swedish medical service registers--Medical Birth Registry (MBR) and Hospital Discharge Registry (HDR). Data were obtained from women without any background/perinatal morbidity noted, and from children without any neonatal complications. Children that had reached at least 1 year of age and were found in the HDR were considered as cases, whereas children not found in the HDR or hospitalized for other causes than asthma or gastroenteritis were defined as controls. Odds ratios (OR) stratified for year of birth, maternal age, parity and smoking in early pregnancy were calculated. Investigations were made comparing the risk for in hospital treatment for asthma or gastroenteritis in CS children and in VD siblings of CS children. The overall inpatient morbidity in CS and VD children were also investigated. RESULTS: The OR for asthma in CS children was 1.31 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23-1.40]. The same OR, 1.31, was found for gastroenteritis (95% CI 1.24-1.38). The OR for CS children having experienced both asthma and gastroenteritis was further increased (1.74, 95% CI 1.36-2.23). The risk for asthma in VD siblings of CS children was not significantly increased, whereas VD siblings experienced a slightly increased risk for gastroenteritis. CS children had an increased overall in hospital morbidity when compared to VD children. CONCLUSION: There is a significant increase of the risk for developing symptoms of asthma and/or gastroenteritis that motivates admission for hospital care in CS children older than 1 year. It is speculated that a disturbed intestinal colonization pattern in CS children may be a common pathogenic factor.     

Clonidine as adjuvant for oxybuprocaine,bupivacaine or dextrorphan has a significant peripheral action in intensifying and prolonging analgesia in response to local dorsal cutaneous noxious pinprick in rats

The aim of the study was to evaluate co-administration of clonidine with oxybuprocaine (ester type), bupivacaine (amide type) or dextrorphan (non-ester or non-amide type) and to see whether it could have a peripheral action in enhancing local anesthesia on infiltrative cutaneous analgesia in rats. Cutaneous analgesia was evaluated by a block of the cutaneous trunci muscle reflex (CTMR) in response to local dorsal cutaneous noxious pinprick in rats. The analgesic effect of the addition of clonidine with oxybuprocaine, bupivacaine or dextrorphan by subcutaneous injection was evaluated. On an ED₅₀ basis, the rank of drug potency was oxybuprocaine > bupivacaine > dextrorphan (P < 0.01). Mixtures of clonidine (0.12 μmol) with oxybuprocaine, bupivacaine or dextrorphan (ED₅₀ or ED₉₅) extended the duration of action and increased the potency on infiltrative cutaneous analgesia. Among these drugs, the addition of clonidine to bupivacaine (amide type) elicits the most effective cutaneous analgesia. Clonidine at the dose of 0.12 and 0.24 μmol did not produce cutaneous analgesia. Oxybuprocaine showed more potent cutaneous analgesia than bupivacaine or dextrorphan in rats. Co-administration of oxybuprocaine, bupivacaine or dextrorphan with clonidine increased the potency and duration on infiltrative cutaneous analgesia. The addition of clonidine to bupivacaine (amide type) elicits more effective cutaneous analgesia than oxybuprocaine (ester type) or dextrorphan (non-ester or non-amide type).     

Comparative study of age-related activity of monoamine oxidase-B,antioxidant defense enzymes,and tolerance to oxidative stress in various segments of human spinal cord

Activities of monoamine oxidase B, Cu-Zn-dependent superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase, the concentration of enzyme-active ceruloplasmin, and resistance of the nerve tissue to oxidative stress were examined in spinal cord preparations from humans (n=43) died at the age of 21-92 years. Age-related activation of monoamine oxidase B was found only in thoracic segments, while age-related decrease in SOD activity was demonstrated in thoracic segments and cervical intumescence of the spinal cord. Age-related accumulation of enzyme-active ceruloplasmin was observed in all segments of the spinal cord. Activation of catalase and increased sensitivity to oxidative stress were observed in the cervical and lumbosacral intumescences. Heterotopic changes in the examined indices suggest that activity of monoamine oxidase B cannot serve as a universal factor of age-related changes in antioxidant defense in the spinal cord and its sensitivity to oxidative stress.     

Hemilaminectomy for removal of extramedullary or extradural spinal cord tumors: medium to long-term clinical outcomes

Purpose

Laminectomy is generally the treatment of choice for removal of spinal tumors. However, it has been shown that laminectomy may cause instability due to damage of posterior elements of the spinal column, which may induce subsequent kyphosis in the future. Therefore, to reduce the risk of deformity and spinal instability after laminectomy, hemilaminectomy has been used. However, the medium to long-term effects of hemilaminectomy on spinal sagittal alignment is not well understood. The present study was performed to evaluate the clinical outcomes, including spinal sagittal alignment of patients, associated with spinal cord tumors treated by surgical excision using hemilaminectomy.

Materials and Methods

Twenty hemilaminectomy operations at our institute for extramedullary or extradural spinal cord tumors in 19 patients were evaluated retrospectively with an average follow-up of 85 months (range, 40-131 months). Neurological condition was evaluated using the improvement ratio of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Score (JOA score) for cervical, thoracic myelopathy, or back pain, and sagittal alignment by sagittal Cobb angle of the hemilaminectomied area.

Results

The mean improvement ratio of neurological results was 56.7% in the cervical spine (p < 0.01, n = 10), 26.3% in the thoracic spine (not significant, n = 5), and 48.6% in the lumbar spine (NS, n = 5). The sagittal Cobb angle was 4.3 ± 18.0° in the preoperative period and 5.4 ± 17.6° at the latest follow-up, indicating no significant deterioration.

Conclusion

Hemilaminectomy is useful for extramedullary or extradural spinal cord tumors in providing fair neurological status and restoration of spinal sagittal alignment in medium to long-term follow-up.     

脊髓造影CT扫描在多节段退变性腰椎管狭窄症的应用价值

目的　评价脊髓造影CT（CTM）扫描在诊断与治疗多节段退变性腰椎管狭窄症的临床应用价值。  方法　2009年3月-2011年7月, 68例明确诊断后行后路椎间盘镜下有限减压、全椎板或半椎板切除减压术,术前均行CTM明确责任节段。应用VAS、JOA及ODI评分对疗效进行随访评价。  结果　68例患者,CTM明确单侧单节段、双侧单节段责任节段数多于MRI检查（P<0.01);双侧双节段、单侧3节段及以上、双侧3节段及以上责任节段数少于MRI检查（P<0.01)。至2013年3月,63例获得随访,术后1月和末次随访腰部、下肢VAS与ODI均较术前降低（P <0.01）,JOA均升高（P <0.01）,末次随访总有效率96.83%。  结论　CTM结合责任节段有限减压是治疗多节段腰椎管狭窄症的有效方法,能达到有效精准减压,使手术的创伤及手术对患者腰椎稳定性的影响降到最低。     

移植大鼠脊神经前后根重建脊髓白质纤维束的形态学*

目的：观察移植脊神经前后根重建脊髓白质纤维束的形态学情况。方法：取4 周龄SD 大鼠,分为移植组、 损伤组和假手术组。移植组损伤第10 ～ 12 胸段脊髓,然后切取脊髓损伤区废用的脊神经前根和后根,并将前根 移植到脊髓损伤区域的皮质脊髓束位置,再将后根移植到薄束位置,脊髓与移植的神经根进行显微吻合,同时切 取第12、13 肋间神经连接损伤节段上下的脊神经,留置导管给予胶质细胞源性神经营养因子（GDNF）、轴突生 长相关蛋白（GAP-43）、突触分化诱导基因产物1（SynDIG1）。损伤组仅损伤第10 ～ 12 胸段脊髓。假手术组仅 切开皮肤和分离肌肉,不损伤脊髓。术后7、30、60、90 d,行斜板实验、BBB功能运动评分、神经电生理检测 方法检测3 组大鼠运动功能。免疫荧光染色显示移植区脊髓组织吻合段神经组织结构变化及神经细胞的活性。结 果：肉眼观察损伤组脊髓组织缺损、断端出现萎缩现象,移植组脊髓吻合段组织光滑圆润,没有明显萎缩现象, 吻合段在显微镜下可见神经纤维排列整齐、走行一致。移植组斜板实验、BBB功能运动评分明显高于损伤组,体 感电位、运动诱发电位潜峰时较损伤组明显缩短。结论：移植脊神经前后根重建脊髓白质纤维束,神经组织结构 吻合修复良好,有利于神经信号传递,促进下肢运动功能的恢复。