Factors influencing perioperative blood transfusions in patients with gastrointestinal cancer

BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing major cancer resections often receive blood transfusions (TFs). Preoperative erythropoietin (EPO) offers the rationale to reduce TFs and related morbidity. METHODS: Perioperative TF information was collected prospectively in a single surgeon practice over 5 years. RESULTS: Three hundred forty-four patients underwent a major procedure, including pancreatic (n = 130, 38%), hepatobiliary (n = 87, 25%), gastroesophageal (n = 69, 20%), and other operations (n = 58, 17%). Median estimated blood loss (EBL) was 375 mL. PRBC TFs were given in 83 cases (24%), at a median of 2 units [1-16]. TF frequency and EBL did not differ between diagnoses. Multivariate TF associations existed for Hgb (P < 0.0001, OR 0.335), EBL (P < 0.0001, OR 1.007), serum Cl (P = 0.004, OR 1.25), serum Na (P = 0.02, OR 0.810), and age (P = 0.04, OR 1.033). TFs (versus no TFs) were linked to major complications (43 versus 20%, P = 0.0002), mortality (12% versus 3%, P = 0.001), and increased LOS (9 versus 7 days, P < 0.0001). A potential benefit for preoperative EPO to avoid TFs could be derived for only 31 patients (9%). CONCLUSIONS: In this low TF rate of 24% for major visceral resections, few preoperative parameters are able to identify subgroups at risk for TFs aside from blood counts. Our data would not support generalized preoperative EPO administration.     

胃癌患者围手术期临床护理分析

目的：探讨胃癌围手术期临床护理的有效方法。方法选取2010年1月～2013年10月在我院接受手术治疗的100例胃癌患者为研究对象,平均分成两组,实验组与对照组,每组各50例。给予对照组患者一般传统护理,实验组患者实施护理干预,比较两组患者的临床护理疗效和患者的满意度。结果实验组患者在手术时间、出血量、住院时间、住院费用等方面均较对照组明显减少;实验组患者对护理的满意度评分也较对照组有明显提高,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论对于胃癌患者,在围手术期实施护理干预能够显著提高患者的临床护理疗效,从而有效减小患者的痛苦,同时提高患者对护理的满意度,减少护患纠纷的发生,是临床有效的护理方法,值得在临床上推广。     

Adverse effect of splenectomy on recurrence in total gastrectomy cancer patients with perioperative transfusion

BACKGROUND: To investigate the interactions between splenectomy and perioperative transfusion in gastric cancer patients. METHODS: Medical records of 449 gastric cancer patients who had undergone total gastrectomies for curative intent between 1991 and 1995 were reviewed. The influence of splenectomy on tumor recurrence and survival both in the transfused and nontransfused patients were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The recurrence rate in the splenectomy group was 48.1% as compared with 22.6% in the spleen-preserved group among transfused patients (P=.001); it was 40.7% compared with 26.5% among nontransfused patients (P=.086). There was no significant difference in the mean survival between the splenectomy group and the spleen-preserved group in a subgroup analysis by stage. Multivariate analysis identified splenectomy as an independent risk factor for recurrence but not as a predictor for survival among transfused patients. CONCLUSIONS: Splenectomy does not appear to abrogate the adverse effect of perioperative transfusion on prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Moreover, it may increase postoperative recurrence in transfused patients.     

Clinicopathologic characteristics of gastric cancer patients who underwent noncurative gastrectomy with long-term survival

Purpose  To demonstrate clinicopathologic characteristics of gastric cancer patients who underwent noncurative gastrectomy with long-term survival. Methods  We retrospectively reviewed 202 advanced gastric cancer patients who underwent noncurative gastrectomy. Results  The long-term survivors who survived for more than 3 years comprised four of 65 patients with a residual tumor in the peritoneum, one of 50 patients with a residual tumor from lymph node metastasis, three of 41 patients positive for the resected margin (M-factor) and 17 of 153 patients with free intraperitoneal cancer cells (Cy-factor). Multivariate analysis indicated that independent indicators affecting survival were lymph node metastasis and peritoneal metastasis in patients with the Cy-factor and histology in patients with the M-factor. Conclusions  Long-term survival can only be expected in patients with the Cy-factor who have neither macroscopic peritoneal metastasis nor lymph node metastasis or in patients with the M-factor who have a well-differentiated tumor.     

Subtotal or total gastrectomy for gastric cancer: impact of the surgical procedure on morbidity and prognosis—analysis of a 10-year experience

Background Against the background of the continuing controversy as to the surgical procedure of choice for gastric cancer, the aim of the present study was to evaluate perioperative morbidity, prognostic factors of survival, and long-term survival after subtotal, abdominal and abdominothoracic gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer.Patients and methods Between January 1993 and December 2002, 338 consecutive patients underwent surgery for adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Subtotal gastrectomy was carried out in 80 (23.7%) patients; 240 (71.0%) patients had abdominal gastrectomy, and 18 (5.3%) underwent abdominothoracic gastrectomy.Results At an overall 30-day mortality of 3.6% (hospital mortality, 5.2%), the total complication rate was 16.3%. The estimated 5-year survival rate was 43% in patients after subtotal gastrectomy, 39% in patients with abdominal gastrectomy, and 28% in patients with abdominothoracic gastrectomy after complete tumour clearance, without significant differences between the groups. Patients who underwent left pancreatectomy and had a higher ratio of metastatic/dissected lymph nodes were characterised by a significantly poorer prognosis.Conclusion The lower morbidity and mortality rate with a nearly identical long-term survival yielded by subtotal gastrectomy compared with total gastrectomy leads us to justify subtotal gastrectomy, especially in elderly patients with comorbidity and a high operative risk, on the condition that its performance is radical from an oncological point of view.     

Adverse effects of perioperative transfusion on patients with stage III and IV gastric cancer

BACKGROUND: The degree of immunomodulation by perioperative blood transfusion and its resultant effects on cancer surgery are a subject of controversy. We evaluated the prognostic effects of perioperative blood transfusion on gastric cancer surgery. METHODS: A total of 1710 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer from 1991 to 1995 were retrospectively reviewed. Uni- and multivariate analyses of the incidence, amount, and timing of perioperative blood transfusions and a comparison of the clinicopathological features were performed. RESULTS: A higher incidence of blood transfusions was associated with female sex, large tumors, upper-body location, Borrmann type III or IV lesions, longer operations, total gastrectomies, splenectomies, and D3 or more extended lymphadenectomy. The tumors in the transfused group were more advanced in depth of invasion and nodal classification. More frequent tumor recurrences were found in the transfused group. A dose-response relationship between the amount of transfused blood and prognosis was evident. Subgroup analyses of prognosis according to stage showed significant differences in stages III and IV between the transfused and nontransfused groups. On multivariate analysis, transfusion was shown to be an independent risk factor for recurrence and poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that perioperative transfusion is an unfavorable prognostic factor. It is thus better to refrain from unnecessary blood transfusion and to give the least amount of blood to patients with gastric cancer when transfusion is inevitable, especially for those with stage III and IV gastric cancers.     

Impact of perioperative chemotherapy on postoperative morbidity after gastrectomy for gastric cancer

IntroductionThe use of perioperative chemotherapy (CT) in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma increases their overall survival. This therapy may also increase the number of patients with R0 resection. Potential drawbacks of this therapy, besides its toxicity, include increased surgical morbidity.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated the records of patients undergoing gastrectomy with curative intent, for carcinoma, at our institution between January 2009 and August 2018. They were divided into two groups: direct surgery (SURG) and perioperative CT (CHEMO). Patients with other neoadjuvant therapies and cardia Siewert I and II carcinomas were excluded.The primary objective was to evaluate the impact of perioperative CT on surgical morbidity. As secondary objectives, resection radicality and total lymph node count were compared between the two groups.ResultsA total of 307 patients (97 direct surgery and 210 perioperative CT) were evaluated. Median age was 67 years old.The overall major surgical morbidity (Clavien-Dindo 3–5) was 10.6% in the CHEMO group and 12.4 in the SURG group (p = 0.643).There was no statistically significant difference between the surgical radicality (R0 98% in the SURG group vs 97.5% CHEMO group (p = 0.865). There was an increase in the total number of lymph nodes retrieved in the specimen in the CHEMO group (25 vs 22, p = 0.001), a difference that was not maintained in the subgroup analysis as a function of the surgery performed.ConclusionsPerioperative CT in gastric carcinoma does not increase surgical morbidity, surgical radicality and total lymph node count.     

机器人胃癌根治术相关问题

近10年来,机器人外科手术系统的临床应用取得了长足发展,其有望解决腹腔镜技术本身的缺陷.经验丰富的外科医生团队在腹腔镜胃癌根治术的基础上,应用机器人进行手术和开展临床研究已经积累了许多成功经验.临床机器人系统为微创手术提供了一个技术上优越的手术环境,是传统腹腔镜胃癌根治术有效、可行的替代方法.该文就机器人胃癌根治术的可...     

胃癌患者围手术期营养支持的研究

３４例胃患者随机分为两组（每组１７例），肠内营养组（ｅｎｔｅｒａｌ ｎｕｔｒｉｔｉｏｎ，ＥＮ组）和肠外营养组（ｐａｒｅｎｔｅｒａｌ ｎｕｔｒｉｔｉｏｎ，ＰＮ组）。围手术期给予等热卡屡量的营养支持，术前进行７￣１０天的营养支持，术后３￣１０天经不同途径进行营养支持。结果，术后１０天两组血清转铁蛋白（ＴＦ）、前白蛋白（Ｐｒｅａｌｂ），纤维连续蛋白（ＦＮ）水平均显著提高（Ｐ〈０．０５或Ｐ〈０．０１），术     

胃癌患者围手术期营养状况对生活质量的影响调查

目的了解胃癌患者围手术期的营养状况和生活质量动态变化情况,探讨胃癌患者围手术期的营养状况与生活质量的关系,为提高患者的生活质量提供依据。方法采用前瞻性调查的方法,使用患者整体营养状况主观评估量表（ScoredPatient—GeneratedSubjectiveGlobalAssessment,PG—SGA）和胃癌患者生活质量特异性量表（QualityofLifeQuestionnaireofStomach22,QLQ—ST022）分别对135例胃癌患者术前1d、术后10d的营养状况、生活质量水平进行测量,并对测量数据进行统计分析。结果患者术前PG—SGA得分为6．71±3．05,为轻度营养不良或可疑营养不良;术后PG—SGA得分为12．82±2．85,为严重营养不良;患者术后PG—SGA总分明显高于术前（t=21．91,P=0．000）。患者术后QLQ—ST022总分（19．69±7．59）明显高于术前QLQ—ST022总分（14．32±5．97）,差异具有统计学意义（t=8．21,P=0．000）。方差分析结果显示,不同营养等级患者的生活质量存在差异（F=29．29,P=0．000）。结论胃癌患者围手术期存在营养状况不良,患者生活质量差,术后营养状况和生活质量评分下降,围手术期营养不良的患者的生活质量明显低于营养良好的患者。临床上应重视胃癌患者围手术期的营养支持,以改善手术前后的生活质量。     

The prognosis of gastric cardia cancer after R0 resection

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognosis of gastric cardia cancers in comparison with other gastric cancers.

Methods

The medical records of 251 patients with gastric cardia cancers and 6568 patients with other gastric cancers who underwent R0 resection were reviewed. Clinicopathologic characteristics and survival were analyzed.

Results

Gastric cardia cancer was associated with more advanced staging and less favorable clinicopathologic features at diagnosis compared with other gastric cancers. The overall 5-year survival rates were 79.7% and 84.6% in patients with cardia cancer and other cancers, respectively. There were no significant differences in survival curves between the groups at any stage. Lymph node metastasis was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival. The length of the proximal margin was not associated with locoregional tumor recurrence.

Conclusions

Although patients with gastric cardia cancers are diagnosed at an advanced stage, the long-term survival rates are similar to those with other gastric cancers. If curative resection with negative resection margin can be achieved, pN category is the only prognostic factor for survival.     

Intracorporeal esophagojejunal anastomosis after laparoscopic total gastrectomy for patients with gastric cancer

Background  To facilitate acceptance of laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) for patients with upper gastric cancer, a simple, secure technique of reconstruction is necessary. The authors developed a new technique for intracorporeal esophagojejunal anastomosis that does not require hand sewing. Methods  From September 2006 to January 2008, 16 patients (11 men and 5 women) with gastric cancer underwent LTG at the authors’ institution. Laparoscopic esophagojejunal anastomosis using the following method was attempted for all patients. The esophagus was transected while being rotated by about 45° counterclockwise to make the subsequent anastomosis easier. After the Y-anastomosis was created, an endoscopic linear stapler was applied to create a side-to-side anastomosis between the left dorsal side of the esophagus and the jejunal limb. The entry hole was first closed roughly with hernia staplers. Subsequently, an endoscopic linear stapler was applied so that all hernia staplers could be removed and the closure completed. Results  Laparoscopic esophagojejunal anastomosis was successfully performed for 15 patients. Intracorporeal anastomosis failed for one patient because a nasogastric tube was caught between the jaws of an endostapler, which resulted in a conversion to open procedure. No postoperative anastomotic complications occurred. Conclusions  Using the new technique, intracorporeal linear-stapled esophagojejunal anastomosis can be performed easily and securely. This technique could become one of the standard methods for reconstruction after LTG, facilitating the acceptance of LTG as a surgical option for patients with upper gastric cancer.     

青年胃癌的临床特点及预后分析

统计分析我院1960至1996年2902例胃癌中30岁以下患者55例，行根治术29例，姑息性切除20例.随访率93．9％，二年生存率和五年生存率分别为21．4％和9．5％。就诊晚和组织分化差导致预后明显差于其他年龄组。     

Prognostic value of hypocholesterolemia in patients with gastric cancer

BackgroundAccording to previous studies, low serum total cholesterol (TC) is associated with higher cancer incidence and mortality. However, the prognostic implications of preoperative TC in patients with gastric cancer (GC) remain to be determined.MethodsA total of 1251 patients with GC, who underwent radical gastrectomy between 2005 and 2008, were recruited. Propensity score weighting (PSW) based on a generalized boosted method (GBM) was used to control for selection bias.ResultsAfter balancing the preoperative and operative covariates, low TC was associated with high incidence of complications (severe complication rate: 15.2% (Low TC) vs. 4.7% (Normal TC) vs 5.5% (High TC); p = 0.004). In multivariable analysis, lowering TC was associated with poor OS and RFS in weighted population. [OS: hazard ratio (HR) = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.867–0.980; P = 0.009 and RFS: HR = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.873–0.988; P = 0.02].ConclusionsPreoperative TC is a useful predictor of postoperative survival and postoperative complications in patients with stage I–III GC and may help to identify high-risk patients for rational therapy, including nutritional support, and timely follow-up.     

BMI-adjusted prognosis of signet ring cell carcinoma in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma

BackgroundCompared with other histologic types, signet ring cell gastric carcinoma (SRC) has unique oncological characteristics, and its implication on the prognosis of gastric cancer patients remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of body mass index (BMI) on SRC patients.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed using the clinical records of 3342 patients with SRC or tubular adenocarcinoma who underwent radical gastrectomy between 2000 and 2014. Patients were divided into three groups according to histologic subtype: SRC, well-to-moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (WMD), and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (PD). We compared the survival of SRC patients with that of tubular adenocarcinoma patients according to BMI.ResultsThe 5-year survival of SRC was significantly worse than that of WMD (P < 0.001) but superior to that of PD (P < 0.001). BMI-stratified analysis showed that in the high-BMI group, the prognosis of SRC was similar to that of WMD (P > 0.05) and better than that of PD (P < 0.001). In normal-BMI patients, SRC had a worse prognosis than WMD (P < 0.001) but a more favorable prognosis than PD (P < 0.001). SRC among low-BMI patients displayed much poorer survival than did both WMD (P < 0.001) and PD (P = 0.005). Multivariate analysis indicated that the risk of death was the lowest in SRC patients with a high BMI and highest for SRC patients with a low BMI (low-BMI hazard ratio: SRC 1 vs. WMD 0.51 and PD 0.53).ConclusionSRC has worse prognostic impact as BMI decreases. BMI leads to differing prognosis of SRC compared with tubular adenocarcinoma.     

Current trends in perioperative treatment of resectable gastric cancer

In the last few decades, the treatment strategy for locally advanced resectable gastric cancer(GC) has shifted to a multimodal approach, which potentially decreases recurrence risk and improves survival rates. Perioperative therapy leads to downstaging, increased curative resection rates, and prolonged disease-free and overall survival, by preventing micrometastases in patients with resectable GC. Application of neoadjuvant therapy provides information about tumor biology and in vivo sensitivity...     

Platelet gel and fibrin sealant reduce allogeneic blood transfusions in total knee arthroplasty

BACKGROUND: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is often associated with a considerable amount of post-operative blood loss, necessitating the transfusion of allogeneic blood, which can add to the complications. Optimization of strategies to reduce the need for blood transfusion is desired. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of autologous platelet gel and fibrin sealant in unilateral TKA. METHODS: Consecutive patients were operated on and assigned to the study and control groups. Study group patients (n = 85) were operated on according to our standard TKA protocol, with the application of autologous platelet gel and fibrin sealant on the wound tissues at the end of surgery. Eighty patients were operated on according to the same protocol, but without the use of platelet gel and fibrin sealant, and served as the control group. All blood transfusions, occurrence of wound leakage, wound healing disturbances and incidences of post-operative infections were recorded. RESULTS: Patients in the treatment group had a significantly higher post-operative haemoglobin level (11.3 vs. 8.9 g/dl, respectively) and a decreased need for allogeneic blood products (0.17 vs. 0.52 units, respectively) than those in the control group (P < 0.001). The incidences of wound leakage and wound healing disturbance were significantly less (P < 0.001) in patients managed with platelet gel and fibrin sealant. Four patients in the control group, who received blood products, developed wound infection. The hospital stay was decreased by 1.4 +/- 1.5 days for patients in the treatment group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Peri-operatively applied platelet gel and fibrin sealant may reduce the incidence of allogeneic blood transfusions and complications associated with TKA.     

加速康复外科在胃癌手术中的应用

加速康复外科(ERAS)整合了一系列优化的围术期处理措施,其目标是通过减轻围术期的各种应激反应,减少能量损耗,改善器官功能紊乱,加快患者术后康复.它最先应用于结直肠外科领域,随后逐渐向其他外科领域拓展.对于胃癌手术,其总体的有效性和安全性已得到循证医学的初步证实,但是对于ERAS的各个详细措施,目前还存在一定的争议.2014年欧洲加速康复外科协会制订并发布《胃切除术加速康复外科指南》,为医疗单位实施ERAS提供了优化的围术期处理方案.但在临床实践中,应该注意将指南与共识中的普遍原则与患者个体的特殊性有机地结合.由于胃癌手术的复杂性和患者情况的多样性,因此需要发展个体化的ERAS.未来ERAS的发展方向,一方面需要开展更多针对ERAS中各个措施的随机对照临床试验,以得出更加明确和有力的结论;另一方面,需要重视提高患者对各项措施的依从性.