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1.
Background
Midclerkship self-evaluations (MCSEs) require students to reflect on their knowledge, skills, and behaviors. We hypothesized that MCSEs would be consistent with supervisor midpoint evaluations during a surgical clerkship.Methods
MCSEs of 153 students who completed our surgery clerkship in 2 academic years were compared with supervisor midclerkship evaluations. The quantitative domains of the MCSE and supervisor evaluation were compared for accuracy. Identified areas of strengths and weakness were evaluated for thematic consistency.Results
Student MCSE scoring was accurate across evaluated domains most of the time; when students were inaccurate, they tended to underrate themselves. Students and supervisors most often identified cognitive skills as areas for improvement and noncognitive skills predominated as student strengths.Conclusions
Medical students can accurately identify their strengths and weaknesses in the context of an MCSE. Based on these findings, knowledge acquisition and application by medical students in the clinical setting should be emphasized in undergraduate medical education. 相似文献2.
Chris M. Reid Dennis Y. Kim Jess Mandel Alan Smith Vishal Bansal 《The Journal of surgical research》2014
Background
Evaluation of medical students during the surgical clerkship is controversial. Performance is often based on subjective scoring, whereas objective knowledge is based on written examinations. Whether these measures correspond or are relevant to assess student performance is unknown. We hypothesized that student evaluations correlate with performance on the National Board Of Medical Examiners (NBME) examination.Methods
Data were collected from the 2011–2012 academic year. Medical students underwent a ward evaluation using a seven-point Likert scale assessing six educational competencies. Students also undertook the NBME examination, where performance was recorded as a percentile score adjusted to national standards.Results
A total of 129 medical students were studied. Scores on the NBME ranged from the 52nd to the 96th percentile with an average in the 75th percentile (±9). Clerkship scores ranged from 3.2–7.0 with a mean of 5.7 (±0.8). There was a strong positive association between higher NBME scores and higher clerkship evaluations shown by a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.47 (P < 0.001). Students clustered with below average ward evaluations (3.0–4.0) were in the 69.5th percentile of NBME scores, whereas students clustered with above average ward evaluations (6.0–7.0) were in the 79.2th percentile (P < 0.001).Conclusions
A strong positive relationship exists between subjective ward evaluations and NBME performance. These data may afford some confidence to surgical faculty and surgical resident ability to accurately evaluate medical students during clinical clerkships. Understanding factors in student performance may help in improving the surgical clerkship experience. 相似文献3.
Ralph C. Quillin III Timothy A. Pritts Amit D. Tevar Dennis J. Hanseman Michael J. Edwards Bradley R. Davis 《The Journal of surgical research》2013
Purpose
The perceptions and expectations of students on the surgery clerkship were evaluated and compared with those of surgical residents and faculty.Methods
A voluntary and anonymous survey was distributed to third year medical students, general surgery residents, and surgery faculty. Statistical analysis was performed using the χ2 and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests (P value <0.05 was significant).Results
Medical students, surgery residents and faculty largely agreed on student responsibilities during morning rounds. However, more students (96.9%) than residents (86.2%) and faculty (77.3%) believed they should be writing progress notes, and fewer students (85%) than residents (100%) and faculty (95.5%) thought they should be taught during morning rounds (P < 0.01 and P = 0.04, respectively). The expected and actual educational experience on the surgical clerkship was similar. The amount of instruction provided each week by residents and faculty was similar to the amount expected by students; each group believed that surgical residents were good educators. Students, residents, and faculty agreed on many essential skills for a student to learn by the clerkship’s end; however, more students (85.8%) than residents (58.6%) and faculty (68.2%) viewed identifying surgical complications as an essential skill (P < 0.01).Conclusions
Overall, the expectations of the medical students, surgical residents, and surgical faculty on the surgery clerkship were well matched. However, there were some instances where the students thought they should be more involved in patient care than did the residents and the faculty. It is important for surgical educators to be aware of these discrepancies to fully maximize the educational experience of medical students. 相似文献4.
Ira L. Leeds Lee A. Hugar Barbara J. Pettitt Jahnavi Srinivasan Viraj A. Master 《American journal of surgery》2013
Background
Concerns about international training experiences in medical school curricula include the effect on student learning. We studied the educational effect of an international elective integrated into a traditional third-year (M3) surgical clerkship.Methods
A 1-week surgical elective in Haiti was available to M3 students during the conventional 8-week surgical clerkship each year for the 4 academic years 2008 to 2011. The authors collected student and surgeon perceptions of the elective using a mixed-methods web-based survey. Statistical analysis compared the academic performance of participating M3s relative to nonparticipating peers.Results
Twenty-eight (100%) students (41 trip weeks) and 3 (75%) surgeons responded. Twenty-five (89%) students believed the elective provided appropriate clinical training. Surgeon responses were consistent with students' reported perceptions.Strengths included unique clinical experiences and close interactions with faculty. Criticisms included recurring overwhelming clinical responsibilities and lack of local provider involvement.Academic performance of participants versus nonparticipants in the same clerkship term were statistically insignificant.Conclusions
This study demonstrates the feasibility of integrating global health experiences into traditional medical student clinical curricula. The effects on less tangible attributes such as leadership skills, fostering teamwork, and cultural competency require future investigation. 相似文献5.
Joseph Drosdeck Ellen CarraroMark Arnold MD Kyle PerryAlan Harzman MD Rollin NagelLynnsay Sinclair BA Peter Muscarella MD 《The Journal of surgical research》2013
Background
Medical students desire to become proficient in surgical techniques and believe their acquisition is important. However, the operating room is a challenging learning environment. Small group procedural workshops can improve confidence, participation, and performance. The use of fresh animal tissues has been rated highly among students and improves their surgical technique. Greater exposure to surgical procedures and staff could positively influence students' interest in surgical careers. We hypothesized that a porcine “wet lab” course for third year medical students would improve their surgical skills.Methods
Two skills labs were conducted for third year medical students during surgery clerkships in the fall of 2011. The students' surgical skills were first evaluated in the operating room across nine dimensions. Next, the students performed the following procedures during the skills lab: (1) laparotomy; (2) small bowel resection; (3) splenectomy; (4) partial hepatectomy; (5) cholecystectomy; (6) interrupted abdominal wall closure; (7) running abdominal wall closure; and (8) skin closure. After the skills lab, the students were re-evaluated in the operating room across the same nine dimensions. Student feedback was also recorded. Fifty-one participants provided pre- and post-lab data for use in the final analysis.Results
The mean scores for all nine surgical skills improved significantly after participation in the skills lab (P ≤ 0.002). Cumulative post-test scores also showed significant improvement (P = 0.002). Finally, the student feedback was largely positive.Conclusions
The surgical skills of third year medical students improved significantly after participation in a porcine wet lab, and the students rated the experience as highly educational. Integration into the surgery clerkship curriculum would promote surgical skill proficiency and could elicit interest in surgical careers. 相似文献6.
Maura E. Sullivan Janet Trial Craig Baker Kenji Inaba Josette Etcheverry Mary Nally Peter Crookes 《American journal of surgery》2014
Background
The purposes of this study were to develop a comprehensive framework for professionalism in surgery and to determine which attributes are most valued by medical students.Methods
A framework for professionalism in surgery, consisting of 11 attribute categories, was developed. All 3rd-year medical students (n = 168) participated in a focus group and completed a questionnaire regarding their perceptions about professionalism. Students' responses were transcribed verbatim, coded, and assigned attribute categories.Results
Students rated respect as the most important attribute of professionalism (56%), followed by altruism (21%) and interpersonal skills (8%). Fifty-three percent of students witnessed unprofessional behavior among faculty members while on the surgical clerkship. Of these incidents, 74% were related to respect, 28% to practice improvement, and 1% to altruism.Conclusions
Respect was rated as the single most important characteristic of professionalism and was the attribute with the most witnessed violations. 相似文献7.
Kathryn M. Tchorz S. Bruce Binder Mary T. White Larry W. Lawhorne Deborah M. Bentley Elizabeth A. Delaney Jerome Borchers Melanie Miller Linda M. Barney Margaret M. Dunn Kenneth W. Rundell Thavm Thambipillai Randy J. Woods Ronald J. Markert Priti P. Parikh Mary C. McCarthy 《The Journal of surgical research》2013
Background
In 2000, the Liaison Committee on Medical Education required that all medical schools provide experiential training in end-of-life care. To adhere to this mandate and advance the professional development of medical students, experiential training in communication skills at the end-of-life was introduced into the third-year surgical clerkship curriculum at Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine.Materials and methods
In the 2007–08 academic year, 97 third-year medical students completed six standardized end-of-life care patient scenarios commonly encountered during the third-year surgical clerkship. Goals and objectives were outlined for each scenario, and attending surgeons graded student performances and provided formative feedback.Results
All 97 students, 57.7% female and average age 25.6 ± 2.04 y, had passing scores on the scenarios: (1) Adult Hospice, (2) Pediatric Hospice, (3) Do Not Resuscitate, (4) Dyspnea Management/Informed Consent, (5) Treatment Goals and Prognosis, and (6) Family Conference. Scenario scores did not differ by gender or age, but students completing the clerkship in the first half of the year scored higher on total score for the six scenarios (92.8% ± 4.8% versus 90.5% ± 5.0%, P = 0.024).Conclusions
Early training in end-of-life communication is feasible during the surgical clerkship in the third-year of medical school. Of all the scenarios, “Conducting a Family Conference” proved to be the most challenging. 相似文献8.
David T. Hughes Stephen J. ForestRosangela Foitl B.S. Edward Chao M.D. 《American journal of surgery》2014
Background
Medical students often site their ability to excel at technical tasks as justification for choosing surgery as a career path. We sought to investigate how medical students' dexterity skills and past experiences correlated with suturing performance.Methods
Sixty-four 3rd-year medical students were surveyed about previous experiences that involved manual dexterity. Technical skills were then measured using a validated test of manual dexterity and subcuticular closure of a pig's foot incision. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients determined correlation between variables.Results
Previous experiences, self-assessment of dexterity, prior suturing, and current interest in surgery did not significantly correlate with manual dexterity or suturing skill scores. Innate manual dexterity score was the only significant correlating factor to suture skill score (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient = .336; P = .007).Conclusions
Innate manual dexterity skills are predictive of initial surgical suturing performance regardless of past student experiences. Interventions aimed at improving early surgical technique should be optimally focused on dexterity training. 相似文献9.
Mark S. Hochberg Jessica BilligRussell S. Berman M.D. Adina L. KaletSondra R. Zabar M.D. Jaclyn R. FoxH. Leon Pachter M.D. 《American journal of surgery》2014
Background
When surgeons decide to become surgeons has important implications. If the decision is made prior to or early in medical school, surgical education can be more focused on surgical diseases and resident skills.Methods
To determine when surgeons – compared with their nonsurgical colleagues – decide on their medical path, residents in surgery, internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, psychiatry, and emergency medicine were surveyed. Timing of residency choice, demographic data, personal goals, and reason for residency choice were queried.Results
A total of 234 residents responded (53 surgical residents). Sixty-two percent of surgeons reported that they were “fairly certain” of surgery before medical school, 13% decided during their preclinical years, and 25% decided during their clerkship years. This compares with an aggregate 40%, 7%, and 54%, respectively, for the other 5 residency specialties. These differences were statistically significant (P = .001). When the 234 residents were asked about their primary motivation for choosing their field, 51% pointed to expected job satisfaction and 44% to intellectual curiosity, and only 3% mentioned lifestyle, prestige, or income.Conclusions
General surgery residents decide on surgery earlier than residents in other programs. This may be advantageous, resulting in fast-tracking of these medical students in acquiring surgical knowledge, undertaking surgical research, and early identification for surgical residency programs. Surgical training in the era of the 80-hour work week could be enhanced if medical students bring much deeper knowledge of surgery to their first day of residency. 相似文献10.
Keith Wirth Bethany Malone Kaylene Barrera Warren D. Widmann Christopher Turner Aliu Sanni 《American journal of surgery》2014
Background
The aim of this study was to investigate a novel resident education model that turns the traditional surgical hierarchy upside down, termed a “reverse” peer-assisted learning curriculum.Methods
Thirty surgical topics were randomized between medical students and chief residents on each clinical team, with 1 topic being presented briefly during morning rounds. An exam evaluating junior residents' knowledge of these topics was administered before and after 1 month of presentations. A questionnaire was distributed to evaluate the junior residents' perceptions of this teaching model.Results
Thirty-four residents participated. There was a significant improvement in the mean examination score (54 vs 74, P < .05). No significant difference was noted in the mean score differentials of topics presented by either the medical students or the chief resident (21 vs 18, P = .22). More than 80% of the residents responded positively about the effectiveness of this exercise and agreed that they would like to see this model used on other services.Conclusions
This study confirms the hypothesis that medical students can teach surgical topics to junior residents at least as effectively as their chief residents. 相似文献11.
Nikki Tocco Melissa Brunsvold Loay Kabbani Jules Lin Brent Stansfield Dean Mueller Rebecca M. Minter 《American journal of surgery》2013
Background
An operative anatomy course was developed within the construct of a surgical internship preparatory curriculum. This course provided fourth-year medical students matching into a surgical residency the opportunity to perform intern-level procedures on cadavers under the guidance of surgical faculty members.Methods
Senior medical students performed intern-level procedures on cadavers with the assistance of faculty surgeons. Students' confidence, anxiety, and procedural knowledge were evaluated both preoperatively and postoperatively. Preoperative and postoperative data were compared both collectively and based on individual procedures.Results
Student confidence and procedural knowledge significantly increased and anxiety significantly decreased when preoperative and postoperative data were compared (P < .05). Students reported moderate to significant improvement in their ability to perform a variety of surgical tasks.Conclusions
The consistent improvement in confidence, knowledge, and anxiety justifies further development of an operative anatomy course, with future assessment of the impact on performance in surgical residency. 相似文献12.
Andrew Adelsheimer Russell S. Berman H. Leon Pachter Mark S. Hochberg 《American journal of surgery》2018,215(2):304-308
Introduction
This study compares NBME surgical clerkship scores of students who completed their medicine clerkship before their surgical clerkship with the performance of those who had not previously completed their medical clerkship.Methods
The study included 815 New York University School of Medicine students from the years 2014–2018 (571 students took medicine first, while 244 took surgery first). Performance on the surgical clerkship was assessed using the NBME SHELF examination. Statistical comparisons were performed via 2-tailed, independent-samples, unequal-variance t-tests.Results
Mean NBME surgical SHELF scores of the students who had previously taken medicine were significantly higher than students who had not (mean 78.6 vs. 73.5, p < 0.001). Students who had solely medicine (as their first clerkship) before surgery also performed significantly better (mean 78.8 vs. 73.5, p < 0.001). Students who completed surgery later in the year did not perform better on the surgical SHELF, so long as both surgical clerkship cohorts had completed medicine.Conclusion
Students who completed their core medical clerkship prior to their surgical clerkship scored significantly better on the NBME surgical SHELF examination. 相似文献13.
Jay N. Nathwani Anna Garren Shlomi Laufer Calvin Kwan Carla M. Pugh 《American journal of surgery》2018,215(6):995-999
Background
This study explores the long-term effectiveness of a newly developed clinical skills curriculum.Methods
Students (N = 40) were exposed to a newly developed, simulation-based, clinical breast exam (CBE) curriculum. The same students returned one year later to perform the CBE and were compared to a convenience sample of medical students (N = 15) attending a national conferences. All students were given a clinical vignette and performed the CBE. CBE techniques were video recorded. Chi-squared tests were used to assess differences in CBE technique.Results
Students exposed to a structured curriculum performed physical examination techniques more consistent with national guidelines than the random, national student sample. Structured curriculum students were more organized, likely to use two hands, a linear search pattern, and include the nipple-areolar complex during the CBE compared to national sample (p < 0.01).Conclusions
Students exposed to a structured skills curriculum more consistently performed the CBE according to national guidelines. The variability in technique compared with the national sample of students calls for major improvements in adoption and implementation of structured skills curricula. 相似文献14.
William R. Wisniewski Keith F. Fournier Yan K. Ling Rebecca S. Slack Gildy Babiera Elizabeth G. Grubbs Laura J. Moore Jason B. Fleming Y. Nancy You 《The Journal of surgical research》2013
Background
Educating medical students in surgical subspecialty fields can be challenging, and the optimal timing and curriculum remain unknown. Despite advocacy for earlier exposure, competing core clerkship rotations often leave little time for subspecialty fields. We report our experience with a novel, short, and focused curriculum in surgical oncology for the third-year medical students.Methods
A 2-wk (2009–2010) and a 4-wk (2010–2011) curriculum in surgical oncology were developed for the third-year students at a tertiary-referral cancer center, including formal didactics, rotation in clinical service of students' choosing (breast, gastrointestinal, endocrine, or melanoma), and case-based learning and presentation. Paired pre- and postrotation questionnaires were prospectively completed, including 20 items assessing knowledge and four items assessing experience. Grading was anonymous, and change in score was assessed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test.Results
Paired questionnaires from 47 students (2-wk rotation, n = 26; 4-wk rotation, n = 21) showed a median improvement of three points (21.4%) from pre- to posttests (P < 0.001). The improvement did not differ by the length of rotation or by the specific clinical service. Nearly all (93%) reported a positive and inspiring experience. The most valuable avenue of learning was reported as the time spent with resident or fellow or attending (92%), followed by self-directed reading (62%) and didactic lectures (28%).Conclusions
A short and focused curriculum in surgical oncology, including structured didactics and clinical rotation, had positive impact for the third-year students. Given the increasing work-hour limits, it is important to note that the time spent in the clinical setting continues to be ranked as the most educationally valuable by medical students. 相似文献15.
Paul J. DiMaggio 《American journal of surgery》2010,200(1):162-166
Background
In response to declining instruction in technical skills, the authors instituted a novel method to teach basic procedural skills to medical students beginning the surgery clerkship.Methods
Sixty-three medical students participated in a skills training laboratory. The first part of the laboratory taught basic suturing skills, and the second involved a cadaver with pig skin grafted to different anatomic locations. Clinical scenarios were simulated, and students performed essential procedural skills.Results
Students learned most of their suturing skills in the laboratory skills sessions, compared with the emergency room or the operating room (P = .01). Students reported that the laboratory allowed them greater opportunity to participate in the emergency room and operating room. Students also felt that the suture laboratory contributed greatly to their skills in wound closure. Finally, 90% of students had never received instruction on suturing, and only 12% had performed any procedural skills before beginning the surgery rotation.Conclusions
The laboratory described is an effective way of insuring that necessary technical skills are imparted during the surgery rotation. 相似文献16.
Shaun C. Daly Rebecca A. Deal Daniel E. Rinewalt Amanda B. Francescatti Minh B. Luu Keith W. Millikan Mary C. Anderson Jonathan A. Myers 《American journal of surgery》2014
Background
The purpose of our study was to determine the predictive impact of individual academic measures for the matriculation of senior medical students into a general surgery residency.Methods
Academic records were evaluated for third-year medical students (n = 781) at a single institution between 2004 and 2011. Cohorts were defined by student matriculation into either a general surgery residency program (n = 58) or a non–general surgery residency program (n = 723). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate independently significant academic measures.Results
Clinical evaluation raw scores were predictive of general surgery matriculation (P = .014). In addition, multivariate modeling showed lower United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 scores to be independently associated with matriculation into general surgery (P = .007).Conclusions
Superior clinical aptitude is independently associated with general surgical matriculation. This is in contrast to the negative correlation United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 scores have on general surgery matriculation. Recognizing this, surgical clerkship directors can offer opportunities for continued surgical education to students showing high clinical aptitude, increasing their likelihood of surgical matriculation. 相似文献17.
Navin D. Bhatia Colleen C. GillespieAlexandra J. Berger B.A. Mark S. HochbergJennifer B. Ogilvie M.D. 《American journal of surgery》2014
Background
The aim of this study was to compare the performance of students completing an 8-week versus a 6-week surgery clerkship on an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) and the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) clinical science surgery examination.Methods
One hundred fifteen students from the 8-week clerkship and 99 from the 6-week clerkship were included. Performance on a summative OSCE was assessed using behaviorally anchored checklists. NBME exams were graded using the NBME's standard scaled scores. Results were compared using 2-tailed, independent-samples, unequal-variance t tests.Results
Mean OSCE scores for the 8-week and 6-week curricula were not statistically different. Mean NBME scores also did not statistically differ. Six-week students performed significantly better in the specific OSCE subdomains of blood pressure, orthostatic blood pressure, rectal exam, and fecal occult blood test.Conclusions
Overall OSCE and NBME exam performance did not differ between 8-week and 6-week surgery clerkship students. 相似文献18.
Brian C. Drolet Suma Sangisetty Patrick M. Mulvaney Beth A. Ryder William G. Cioffi 《American journal of surgery》2014
Background
The predicted shortage of surgeons is of growing concern with declining medical student interest in surgical careers. We hypothesized that earlier exposure to operative experiences and the establishment of resident mentors through a preclinical elective would enhance student confidence and interest in surgery.Methods
We developed a preclinical elective in surgery, which served as an organized curriculum for junior medical students to experience surgery through a paired resident-mentorship model. We assessed student exposure and confidence with clinical activities before and after the elective (N = 24, 100% response rate). We compared these students with a cohort of peers not enrolled in the elective (N = 147, 67% response rate).Results
We found significantly improved confidence (2.8 vs 4.4) and clinical exposure (2.4 vs 4.3) before versus after the elective, with precourse scores equal to matched peers.Conclusions
This elective incorporates elements that have been shown to positively influence student decision making in surgical career choice. The mentorship model promotes residents as educators, whereas the elective provides a means for early identification of students interested in surgery. 相似文献19.
Hilary C. McCrary Jonida Krate Christine E. Savilo Melissa H. Tran Hang T. Ho William J. Adamas-Rappaport Rebecca K. Viscusi 《American journal of surgery》2016,212(5):1020-1025
Background
The aim of our study was to determine if a fresh cadaver model is a viable method for teaching ultrasound (US)-guided breast biopsy of palpable breast lesions.Methods
Third-year medical students were assessed both preinstruction and postinstruction on their ability to perform US-guided needle aspiration or biopsy of artificially created masses using a 10-item checklist.Results
Forty-one third-year medical students completed the cadaver laboratory as part of the surgery clerkship. Eight items on the checklist were found to be significantly different between pre-testing and post-testing. The mean preinstruction score was 2.4, whereas the mean postinstruction score was 7.10 (P < .001).Conclusions
Fresh cadaver models have been widely used in medical education. However, there are few fresh cadaver models that provide instruction on procedures done in the outpatient setting. Our model was found to be an effective method for the instruction of US-guided breast biopsy among medical students. 相似文献20.