单侧甲状腺乳头状癌对侧中央区淋巴结转移的相关危险因素

目的:研究单侧甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)对侧中央区淋巴结转移的相关因素及术后并发症情况,为病人制定个体化诊疗方案提供依据。方法:2005年10月至2012年12月我科收治的83例单侧PTC病人,术前发现其对侧中央区淋巴结肿大,回顾分析对侧中央区淋巴结转移的相关因素以及术后并发症情况。本研究所有病人行双侧中央区淋巴结清扫术。结果:中央区淋巴结转移者69例(83.1%),其中双侧中央区淋巴结转移50例(60.2%),患侧中央区淋巴结转移15例(18.1%),对侧中央区淋巴结跳跃式转移4例(4.8%)。多因素分析显示,患侧中央区淋巴结转移(P=0.001,OR=9.540)、不合并桥本甲状腺炎(P=0.043,OR=3.092)是对侧中央区淋巴结转移的危险因素。男性(P=0.026,OR=4.065)、原发灶最大径≥1 cm(P     

甲状腺乳头状微小癌中央区淋巴结转移率与侧颈淋巴结转移关系研究

目的 探讨甲状腺乳头状微小癌中央区淋巴结转移率（cLNR）与侧颈淋巴结转移的关系。方法 回顾性分析复旦大学附属肿瘤医院头颈外科2006年1月至2013年12月初治的859例甲状腺乳头状微小癌病人临床资料,研究其cLNR与侧颈淋巴结转移和复发的关系。结果 对于临床发现侧颈淋巴结转移者（cN1b+）病人,cLNR高低和转移个数与侧颈淋巴结转移关系密切;而对于临床未发现侧颈淋巴结转移者（cN1b-）,cLNR的高低与侧颈复发差异无统计学意义,但中央区转移淋巴结>3个时,侧颈淋巴结复发率明显增高。结论 甲状腺乳头状微小癌cLNR及转移个数与侧颈淋巴结是否发生转移有一定的相关性。     

中央区淋巴结转移强度对甲状腺乳头状癌颈侧区淋巴结转移的临床意义

目的:应用中央区淋巴结转移（central lymph node metastasis,CLNM）强度概念,探讨甲状腺乳头状癌（papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC）颈侧区淋巴结转移（lymph node metastasis,LNM）危险因素及对其影响。方法:回顾性分析内蒙古医科大学附属医院...     

中央区淋巴结清扫用于甲状腺乳头状微小癌患者治疗中的效果

【摘要】目的探讨对甲状腺乳头状微小癌（PTMC）患者行中央区淋巴结清扫的效果。方法选择2008年4月~2011年5月在本院接受手术治疗的58例PTMC作为研究对象,将行中央区淋巴结清扫的30例患者作为观察组,将未行中央区淋巴结清扫的28例患者作为对照组,回顾性分析2组患者治疗效果。结果观察组、对照组同一侧颈部淋巴结的转移率分别为3.33%、 17.86%,观察组明显低于对照组,组间差异比较有显著性（P<0.05）;2组并发症发生率分别为23.33%、21.43%,组间比较无显著性差异（P>0.05）。结论甲状腺乳头状微小癌需要进行中央区淋巴结清扫来降低转移。     

cNO期甲状腺微小乳头状癌中央区淋巴结转移的危险因素及预防性清扫的临床分析

目的 探讨临床颈淋巴结阴性(cN0期)甲状腺微小乳头状癌中央区淋巴结转移的临床特点及预防性清扫的意义及可行性,为临床治疗提供参考.方法 回顾性分析2011年7月-2015年12月在连云港市东方医院普外科接受手术的277例cN0期甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者的临床资料,评估预防性中央区淋巴结清扫的必要性,采用x2检验及Logistic回归分析中央区淋巴结转移与患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤数目、肿瘤大小、包膜浸润、单双侧肿瘤的关系.277例患者全部行原发灶根治性切除加患侧中央区淋巴结清扫术,清扫标本送检常规病理检查.结果 甲状腺微小乳头状癌中央区淋巴结转移阳性率为36.8％(102/277),在男性患者(P=0.023)、年龄＜45岁(P＜0.001)和肿瘤直径＞0.5 cm(P =0.019)中阳性率高;通过多变量分析可以表明男性患者(OR =2.63,P＜0.001)、年龄＜45岁(OR =2.25,P=0.016)、肿瘤直径＞0.5 cm(OR =2.13,P=0.009)均能独立作为CLN转移的危险因素.15例(5.4％)出现暂时性喉返神经麻痹,43例(15.5％)出现暂时性甲状旁腺功能低下,无永久性喉返神经麻痹和甲状旁腺功能低下并发症患者.结论 预防性中央区淋巴结的清扫有助于准确进行肿瘤的分期分级以及危险度的评估,对患者术后治疗随访方案的选择有重要意义,对于男性、年龄＜45岁、肿瘤直径＞0.5 cm、有包膜浸润的患者应常规行中央区淋巴结清扫.     

Thymosin beta 10 correlates with lymph node metastases of papillary thyroid carcinoma

Background

Thymosin beta 10 (TMSB10) has recently been recognized as being an important player in the metastatic cascade including tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. However, a role for this protein in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has not yet been established.

Methods

Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the expression of TMSB10 messenger RNA in 36 cases of thyroid tissue samples: normal thyroid, PTC without lymph node metastases (LNM) and PTC with LNM (n = 12 cases in each subgroup). For immunohistochemistry, 130 patients with PTC were selected during the period of 2004–2005, 91 with and 39 without LNM. Statistical analysis was applied to evaluate the correlation between TMSB10 expression and LNM of PTC.

Results

By real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, the expression of TMSB10 messenger RNA in normal thyroid tissue, PTC without LNM, and PTC with LNM tissue were significantly different (P < 0.0001). On immunohistochemistry analysis of 130 patients with PTC, in which 91 cases had cervical LNM and 69 cases had central neck LNM, high expression levels for TMSB10 were more common in patients with cervical LNM compared with patients without (81% versus 33%, P < 0.001). Similarly, high expression levels of TMSB10 were more common in patients with central neck LNM compared with those without (87.0% versus 44.3%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

High expression levels of TMSB10 correlated with LNM in PTC, especially in the central neck region. Patients with PTC with low levels of TMSB10 expression may be unlikely to have central neck LNM and could therefore avoid prophylactic central neck dissection.     

Incidental papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid—factors affecting lymph node metastasis

Background and aims Despite the overall excellent prognosis for patients with thyroid papillary microcarcinoma (PMC), these tumors are associated with lymph node metastasis. The aim of this study is to identify the rate of lymph node metastasis and evaluate the clinical and pathological factors affecting metastasis in thyroid PMC. Methods Among 475 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma treated between 1990 and 2003, 81 patients (17%) were diagnosed as PMC and the records of these patients were evaluated retrospectively. Clinicopathologic features were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results According to age, metastases, extent, and size risk definition, all patients were in low-risk group. Lymph node metastases were determined in 12.3% of patients. Mean follow-up was 7 years (range from 28 to 192 months). Ten-year disease-free and overall survival rates were 97 and 100%, respectively. Both multifocality and thyroid capsular invasion were found to be independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis by multivariate analysis. Conclusion Patients with thyroid PMC in low-risk group with multifocal tumors and with capsule invasion may have increased risk of lymph node metastasis, and must be considered in follow-up of the patients who have these factors.     

中央区淋巴结清除在cN_0期甲状腺乳头状微小癌中的临床价值

目的:探讨中央区淋巴结清除术在cN0期甲状腺乳头状微小癌治疗中的价值。方法:回顾性分析2000年1月—2007年7月收治的89例cN0期甲状腺乳头状微小癌病例,按是否行中央区淋巴结清除分为2组,未行中央区淋巴结清除共40例(A组),行中央区淋巴结清除共49例(B组)。对89例患者进行长期随访,对比分析2组cN0甲状腺乳头状微小癌患者术后并发症、5年随访复发及转移情况。结果:A、B 2组术后相关并发症的发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。随访5年后,2组均无死亡,无对侧淋巴结及远处转移;但同侧颈部淋巴结转移率方面A组高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:cN0期甲状腺乳头状微小癌行中央区淋巴结清除术是必要、安全的。     

桥本甲状腺炎合并甲状腺乳头状癌临床病理特征及中央区淋巴结转移的风险因素分析

目的:探讨桥本甲状腺炎(HT)合并甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)的临床病理特征及颈部中央区淋巴结转移的危险因素.方法:回顾性分析山东大学第二医院甲状腺胰腺外科2016年6月至2019年11月手术治疗的121例HT合并PTC患者临床病理资料,通过单因素和多因素分析中央区淋巴结转移的危险因素.结果:121例HT合并PTC患者中,...     

cN0期甲状腺乳头状微小癌大容量中央区淋巴结转移的危险因素

目的:探讨c N0期甲状腺乳头状微小癌(PTMC)中央区淋巴结转移(CLNM),尤其是大容量淋巴结转移(LV-LNM,转移数目5枚)的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析512例行甲状腺全切或腺叶及峡部切除加中央区淋巴结清扫术的c N0期PTMC患者的临床资料,并根据CLNM转移情况将患者分为LV-LNM组和非LV-LNM组,分析c N0期PTMC患者CLNM及LV-LNM的危险因素。结果:512例患者中女415例(81.1%),男97例(18.9%),CLNM阳性者178例(34.8%),LV-LNM者21例(4.1%)。单因素分析显示,性别、年龄、癌灶直径、多灶性肿瘤、腺外侵犯及BRAF~(V600E)基因突变与CLNM有关(均P0.05);性别、年龄、多灶性肿瘤及腺外侵犯与LV-LNM有关(均P0.05)。多因素分析显示,男性(OR=1.451,95%CI=1.030～2.044,P=0.033)、年龄40岁(OR=1.720,95%CI=1.289～2.295,P=0.000)、癌灶直径0.5 cm(OR=1.677,95%CI=1.218～2.309,P=0.002)和多灶性肿瘤(OR=1.872,95%CI=1.384～2.532,P=0.000)是CLNM的独立危险因素;男性(OR=2.852,95%CI=1.773～4.588,P=0.000)、年龄40岁(OR=1.913,95%CI=1.434～2.552,P=0.000)及多灶性肿瘤(OR=1.579,95%CI=1.161～2.148,P=0.004)是LV-LNM的独立危险因素。结论:性别、年龄、癌灶直径和多灶性肿瘤是PTMC患者发生CLNM的高危因素,而男性、年龄40岁的多灶性c N0期PTMC患者更容易发生LV-LNM,应积极行预防性中央区淋巴结清扫术。     

Lymph node metastasis between the sternocleidomastoid and sternohyoid muscle in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients: A prospective study at multiple centers

BackgroundThe lymph nodes between the sternocleidomastoid and sternohyoid muscle (LNSS) are not explicitly mentioned in the 2015 American Thyroid Association and 2008 American Head and Neck Society (AHNS) guidelines, but they are easily overlooked in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We prospectively evaluated the clinical significance of the LNSS in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients.MethodIn five medical centers, two hundred and thirty-four PTC patients with lateral neck metastasis who underwent 264 neck dissection were enrolled in this study. LNSS was resected and used as a specimen to investigate the relationship of LNSS with several clinicopathological parameters.ResultOf the 264 lateral neck dissections, the average lymph node metastasis rate of LNSS was 23.48%, significantly second only to that in level III (p<0.05). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that a patient age over 45 years (OR 2.155, 95% CI 1.191 to 3.898, p = 0.011), with a tumor located in the inferior lobe of the thyroid (OR 1.517, 95% CI 1.113 to 2.068, p = 0.008), and LN metastasis at levels IIb (OR 2.298, 95% CI 1.121 to 4.712, p = 0.020) and level III (OR 2.408, 95% CI 1.222 to 4.745, p = 0.011) were independent risk factors for LNSS lymphatic metastasis.ConclusionThe LNSS has a high metastatic rate and is easily overlooked. Additional attention should be paid to LNSS, especially in patients over 45 years old and with PTC located in the thyroid’s inferior lobe.     

甲状腺乳头状癌行预防性中央区淋巴结清扫术研究进展

甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)是最常见的甲状腺恶性肿瘤,预后良好.但颈部淋巴结转移却很常见,其中最常见的转移区域是颈部中央区(即Ⅵ区).目前对于临床可疑或确定有颈淋巴结转移者,需行治疗性中央区颈淋巴结清扫术,国内外观点基本一致,然而对于cN0 PTC患者是否应该常规行预防性中央区颈淋巴结清扫术仍存较大争议.本文就PTC行预防性中央区颈淋巴结清扫术研究进展做一综述.     

Morbidity of prophylactic lymph node dissection in the central neck area in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma

The benefits of prophylactic central neck dissection (PCND) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) have not been clearly demonstrated so far and should be weighed against the potential risks of the procedure. The aim of the study was to assess the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid risks of PCND after total thyroidectomy in patients with PTC and to compare the results with those obtained in patients who underwent total thyroidectomy only. Methods: We selected 100 patients who underwent a total thyroidectomy: 50 for nontoxic benign multinodular goiter (Group 1) and 50 for PTC (Group 2). Patients with PTC had no evidence of macroscopic lymph node invasion during surgery and underwent, in addition to the total thyroidectomy, a PCND. All of the 100 patients were operated on by two experienced endocrine surgeons. All patients had pre- and postoperative investigations of vocal cord movements. Calcemia and phosphoremia were systematically evaluated preoperatively and on day 1 and day 2 after surgery. All patients presenting a postoperative calcemia below 1.90 mmol/l were considered to present an early postoperative hypoparathyroidism and received calcium-vitamin D therapy. The hypoparathyroidism was considered permanent when calcium-vitamin D therapy was still necessary 1 year after surgery. Results: None of the patients presented permanent nerve palsy. There were three cases of transient nerve palsy (6%) in Group 1 and two (4%) in Group 2. In Group 1 there was no permanent hypoparathyroidism and four cases of transient hypoparathyroidism (8%). In Group 2, seven patients presented transient hypoparathyroidism (14%) and two patients (4%) remained with definitive hypoparathyroidism. Conclusion: After total thyroidectomy for PTC, PCND does not increase recurrent laryngeal nerve morbidity but it is responsible for a high rate of hypoparathyroidism, especially in the early postoperative course. Even taking into account the possible benefits, the results make it difficult to advocate PCND as a routine procedure in all patients presenting a PTC. Received: 27 January 1998     

Risk factors for lymph node metastasis in clinically node-negative penile cancer patients

Objectives:   To analyze the effects of pathological T stage, grade, extent of surgery for primary tumor, and age group on the risk of developing lymph node metastasis in clinically node-negative penile cancer patients.
Methods:   We performed a retrospective analysis of 200 clinically node-negative penile cancer patients who were kept under surveillance, after treatment of the primary tumor in our institution. The primary outcome parameter was cytologically or histologically proven lymph node metastasis. Logistic regression analysis was used to compute odds ratios in univariate and multivariate settings.
Results:   Lymph node metastasis occurred in 31 patients at a median time of three months. Histological grade 3 and grade 2 tumors had a statistically significant increased odds ratio for lymph node metastasis, (7.1[ P  < 0.001] and 2.7 [ P  = 0.04], respectively), compared with grade 1 tumors. Although increasing pT stage was associated with increasing odds ratios, the differences were not statistically significant. Nor did the extent of surgery of the primary tumor or the age group significantly influence the risk of developing lymph node metastasis.
Conclusions:   Histological grade is the most significant parameter influencing the risk of lymph node metastasis in clinically node-negative penile cancer patients on surveillance. Patients with grade 3 and grade 2 tumors may benefit from elective inguinal lymphadenectomy.     

甲状腺乳头状微癌Ⅵ区淋巴结转移相关因素分析

目的 寻找临床颈侧区淋巴结阴性(cN0)甲状腺乳头状微癌(PTMC)患者Ⅵ区淋巴结转移的风险因素.方法 回顾分析2005年11月至2007年1月初治的86例颈侧区cN0 PTMC患者的资料,探讨与PTMC Ⅵ区淋巴结转移相关的临床病理因素.结果 86例PTMC患者中Ⅵ区淋巴结转移率为46.5%(40/86).单因素分析发现肿瘤最大径(≥5 mm)、甲状腺包膜或包膜外侵犯、Ⅵ区淋巴结最大径(≥4 mm)与PTMC Ⅵ Lg淋巴结转移显著相关(P<0.05);logistic回归模型多因素分析发现仅肿瘤最大径(35mm)、甲状腺包膜或包膜外侵犯为PTMC VI区淋巴结转移的独立预测因子(P<0.05).结论 颈侧区cNO的PTMC中原发灶大小(≥5 mm)、甲状腺包膜或包膜外侵犯与肿瘤VIIX淋巴结转移显著相关.对于病理证实的PTMC,特别对于肿瘤最大径≥5 nun或者病灶位于浅表与周围组织粘连甚至侵犯者需常规行Ⅵ区淋巴结清扫.