Atropinvergiftungen im heißen Klima

Zusammenfassung Atropin. sulf. als Augentropfen oder -salbe ist bei sonst üblicher Dosierung in den Tropen ein gefährliches Gift. Schon kleine Dosen können im Sommer durch Drosselung der Schweißdrüsenfunktion zu bedrohlichen Störungen führen, besonders bei Kindern. Die Erscheinungen sind anders als im gemäßigten Klima. Temperatursenkung durch kühle Umschläge hilft zuverlässig. Gegengifte könnten zusätzlichen Schaden verursachen und waren außerdem entbehrlich.Herrn Prof. Dr.W. Comberg-Rostock zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Análisis de costes de tres candinas en el tratamiento de la candidiasis invasora en pacientes adultos no neutropénicos en España

ObjectiveTo estimate the cost of 3 candins (anidulafungin, caspofungin and micafungin) in the treatment of adult non-neutropaenic patients with invasive candidiasis (IC) in a Spanish hospital pharmacy setting.MethodsThe overall cost impact was evaluated by varying the percentage dosage required of each candin in different possible scenarios. The prices (in euros) for each presentation were obtained from the Drug Catalogue (in August 2010). Only drug purchase costs were considered. The results are expressed as total cost for each of the 3 candins.ResultsThe cost per episode (14 days) of anidulafungin was constant at €5400 per patient. The cost of caspofungin varied from €4281 to €7991, depending on patient weight and liver dysfunction. The cost of micafungin varied from €6000 (100 mg/day) to €9000 (when increasing the dose due to inadequate response). Based on a hypothetic cohort of 100 patients with IC, the total cost of anidulafungin treatment would be €540 000, for caspofungin it would be €631 459, and for micafungin it would be €632 998, depending on any dose adjustment required.ConclusionPatients treated with anidulafungin did not require dose adjustment, unlike those treated with caspofungin or micafungin. The use of anidulafungin is a cost-saving treatment for adult non-neutropaenic patients with IC, which would result in better control of the Spanish pharmacy budget.     

Stimulatory effect of Coca-Cola<Superscript>TM</Superscript> on gastroduodenal HCO<Stack><Subscript>3</Subscript><Superscript>−</Superscript></Stack> secretion in rats

We examined the effect of various carbonated beverages, especially Coca-Cola^TM, on the HCO₃⁻ secretion in the rat stomach and duodenum. Under urethane anaesthesia, a chambered stomach or a proximal duodenal loop was perfused with saline, and HCO₃⁻ secretion was measured at pH 7.0 using a pH-stat method and by adding 2 mM HCl. The amount of CO₂ contained in these beverages was about 4–7 g/mL. Coca-Cola^TM topically applied to the mucosa for 10 min significantly increased the HCO₃⁻ secretion in both the stomach and the duodenum. The HCO₃⁻ response in the duodenum was totally abolished by indomethacin and also partially inhibited by acetazolamide, an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase. Likewise, the response in the stomach was also markedly inhibited by either acetazolamide or indomethacin. The mucosal application of Coca-Cola^TM increased the PGE₂ contents in both the stomach and the duodenum. Other carbonated beverages, such as sparkling water, Fanta Grape^TM or cider, also increased the HCO₃⁻ secretion in these tissues. These results suggest that Coca-Cola^TM induces HCO₃⁻ secretion in both the stomach and the duodenum, and these responses may be attributable to both the intracellular supply of HCO₃⁻ generated via carbonic anhydrase, and endogenous PGs, probably related to the acidic pH of the solution. Received 4 August 2006; accepted 10 November 2006     

人口&#183;粮食&#183;化肥

从分析我国解放后至２０３０年这８０年间人口增长率是东汉至解放前２０００年间１７倍的这一基本事实出发，阐述了养活１６亿人口，粮食不能领事进口只能依靠自己的观点。若欲达到２０３０年人均占有粮食４００ｋｇ的目标，并假设其中５％进口，在耕地面积、化肥用量保持湾的情况下，单位面积粮食产量需从１９９５年的４２５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２增加到２０３０年的５８１５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２。进一步说明施用化肥对增加粮食产量的重要作用     

毒魔&#183;梦魇&#183;挣扎

1919年，日本化学家阿贺雄多首次合成了后来被称之为冰毒的甲基苯丙胺。科学家的初衷是为了寻找为人类解决痛苦的良药，但是，人类所创造的一切文明一旦被险恶者所利用，便会反过来贻害人类。     

Efectividad de la palifermina en la prevención de la mucositis oral en pacientes oncohematológicos

ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of palifermin for the prevention of oral mucositis in patients with haematological cancers.MethodsRetrospective observational study of cohorts of patients with haematological cancer undergoing cytotoxic therapy causing hematopoietic ablation.The main variable assessed was the duration of the oral mucositis. Secondary variables assessed were incidence of mucositis, febrile or septic neutropenia and the administration of opioids and parenteral nutrition.ResultsWe included 36 patients in this study, 11 in the group that received palifermin and 25 in the control group. The duration of oral mucositis was 4.6±3.1 days (median: 5 days) in the patients treated with palifermin in comparison with 7.4±4.0 days (median: 6 days) in patients treated with conventional prophylactic therapy (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were seen in the incidence of mucositis, febrile or septic neutropenia, opioid administration of the use of parenteral nutrition.ConclusionsProphylactic treatment with palifermin reduces the duration of oral mucosities in patients with haematological cancer. Further studies are necessary with larger samples to be able to assess palifermin and its influence on other variables, such as incidence of mucositis, sepsis, febrile neutropenia, etc.