管状吻合器在食管外科中的应用

目的：对1200例食管癌、贲门癌、食管良性病变切除后应用管状吻合器的手术效果进行分忻。方法：食管胃颈部吻合4例，胸内吻合1116例。结果：术后发生吻合口瘘11例(0．91％)，颈部及超胸顶吻合无吻合口瘘发生。前8年胸内吻合口瘘发生率为2．32％、吻合口狭窄3．1％；近12年胸内吻合口瘘发生率为0．33％，吻合口狭窄占1％；进口吻合器吻合口瘘发生率为0．86％，吻合口狭窄6．9％。所有吻合口狭窄经扩张均恢复正常饮食。结论：机械吻合是减少胸内吻合口瘘的有效方法之一。     

国产GF-1型吻合器临床应用562例分析

目的探讨国产GF-1型吻合器在胃切除术中的应用。方法对1998年3月～2005年8月国产GFT-1型吻合器在胃切除术562例中的应用进行临床观察。562例在用国产GF-1型吻合器下完成消化道吻合。毕Ⅰ式胃大部分切除术67例，毕Ⅱ式胃大部分切除术436例，近端胃大部分切除术56例，全胃切除术3例。结果全组无吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄，5例吻合口出血。结论消化道吻合器操作方便、微创、缩短手术时间及麻醉时间，吻合可靠。国产GF-1型吻合器可替代传统手工吻合，是胃切除消化道吻合术的首选方法。     

应用管状吻合器食管胃(空肠)吻合——连续103例无吻合口瘘的体会

<正> 我科于1982年3月至1987年12月应用上海产GF—I型管状消化道吻合器进行食管胃(空肠)吻合共172例,早期发生吻合口瘘3例(1.74％),其中从1985年5月至今连续吻合103例无吻合口瘘。本文就该组病例初步探讨机械吻合预防吻合口瘘的一些体会。临床资料男性84例,女性19例;年龄30～74岁,平均52.8岁。食管癌27例,贲口癌75例,Heller氏术后贲门溃疡狭窄1例。吻合方式。见附表。所采用吻合器φ31mm2例,φ28mm101例。手工缝合未统计在内。术后并发症:术后7天因多脏器功能衰竭死亡1例,手术死亡率0.96％。肺炎2例,切口部     

食管癌、贲门癌切除术后食管胃器械吻合术213例临床观察

目的：探讨器械吻合器在治疗食管癌、贲门癌中的临床价值。方法：通过回顾分析，将213例食管癌、贲门癌切除术行器械吻合器吻合作为观察组，将同期208例食管癌、贲门癌切除术行传统手工吻合作为对照组，并将两组进行比较分析，观察两组术后吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄及吻合口出血的发生率。结果：观察组中无吻合口瘘发生，发生率0．00％，对照组中有8例并发吻合口瘘，发生率3．85％，两组比较有统计学差异（P＜0．05）；观察组中仅有1例并发吻合口狭窄，发生率0．47％，对照组中有11例并发吻合口狭窄，发生率5．29％，两组比较有统计学差异（P＜0．01）；观察组中有1例并发吻合口出血，发生率0．47％，对照组2例吻合口出血，发生率0．96％，两组比较无统计学差异（P＞0．05）。结论：食管癌、贲门癌切除术应用器械吻合器进行食管胃听合术后吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄的发生率低，吻合效果满意，临床应用价值乐观。     

管型吻合器在食管外科运用中的体会

二年中作者采用GF—Ⅰ型管状吻合器和XF60/90型残端缝合器进行食管胃、食管肠吻合126例,效果满意。术后无吻合口瘘发生。吻合口狭窄5例(3.1％),吻合口出血1例(0.8),返流性食管炎6例(4.7％)。本组无死亡病例,亦无失败病例。本文重点讨论预防吻合口瘘的实用经验,以及预防吻合口狭窄、出血、返流性食管炎的有效措施。     

管状消化道吻合器在贲门（食管）癌手术中的应用（附140例报告）

我科目1991年3月至1994年3月，对140例贲门癌及食管癌患者行手术切除后，以国产GF-Ⅰ型管状消化道吻合器进行吻合，其中贲门癌125例，食管癌15例。140例中，发生吻合口瘘4例(2．9％)，吻合口狡窄5例(3．6％)，吻合口出血2例(1．4％)。与手工吻合相比，作者认为，器械吻合具有易于掌握、安全、省时、可靠的优点，可以广泛推广应用。     

中低位直肠癌应用GF-1吻合器保肛体会

目的：探讨GF-1型管状吻合器在中低位直肠癌根治保肛术中的应用价值、并发症预防与处理、预防复发的措施。方法：对1996年～2002年间42例中低位直肠癌治疗过程及结果进行回顾性分析。结果：术后发生吻合口漏1例占2．3％，吻合口出血1例。占2.3％，盆腔感染1例，占2、3％，吻合口狭窄2例，占4．7％，随访1．5～7年吻合口复发2例，占4、7％。结论：GF．1型吻合器操作简单实用，吻合可靠，在基层医院可进一步推广。     

SDH型吻合器在胸内食管胃重建术中的应用

目的：评价应用SDH型吻合器行消化道重建术的近期临床效果。方法：对468例患者行食管癌、贲门癌切除，并应用 一次性SDH25mm圆形吻合器行胸内食管胃吻合。结果：全组手术无机械故障，无吻合口出血，无手术死亡病例，术后吻合口瘘发生率为0.2％（1/468），吻合口狭窄率为0.6％（3/468），均为轻度狭窄，反流性食管炎发生率为1.3％（6/468），均为轻度反流。结论：应用一次性SDH型吻合器行食管胃胸内吻合，可使术后吻合口瘘、狭窄及反流性食管炎发生率降低，尤其是通过提高手术技巧，可使上述并发症降低至很低水平。     

管状吻合器在食管和贲门癌手术中的应用

目的 总结食管、贲门癌切除术中应用管状吻合器吻合的临床经验.方法 回顾性地分析8例食管、贲门癌手术患者应用上海产GF-1吻合器吻合的效果.结果 全组病人均痊愈出院,无吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄及吻合口出血等.结论 上海产GF-1吻合器灵敏度、性能精确度比进口一次性吻合器较差,但价格便宜,只要严格掌握吻合器吻合的适应症和吻合器吻合技术,吻合效果还是可靠的.     

管型吻合器和消化道缝合器在食管贲门癌手术中的联合应用

我科于1986年2～10月,联合应用上海GF-1型消化道吻合器和消化道缝合器,对57例食管贲门癌作食管胃和食管空肠吻合术,术后无一例吻合口瘘或其他严重并发症,现将体会介绍如下: 临床资料男性48例,女性9例,年龄最小42岁,最大73岁。贲门癌47例,其中作食管与残胃胸内弓下吻合者41例,非进胸食管与残胃后纵隔吻合3例,食管与空肠端侧Roux-Y吻合3例。食管下段癌10例,其中食管与胃在弓上吻合者8例,弓下吻合2例。全组术后无吻合口瘘,无手术死亡。发生吻合狭窄1例,经食管扩张好转。手工吻合操作二次失败后改用吻合器吻合成功1例。本组全部联合使用上海医疗器械厂生产的GF-1型28号口径管型吻合器和消化道缝合器。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.