与病毒赛跑按下流调采样快进键--记抗疫先锋团队北京市通州区疾病预防控制中心

24小时守候应急处置不掉队各专组人员采用“24小时×7天”不间断工作模式,专人紧盯《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》,接到医疗机构病例报告后,流调队员迅速出击,开展流行病学调查、溯源及密接判定、报告撰写等工作。消毒人员及时开展病家环境终末消毒,有效切断传播途径。截至2020年底,管理密切接触者2532人,累计排查密接及入境人员3873人;累计开展病家及相关单位消毒:现场指导210次,消毒面积约2650平米。     

消防部队在突发危险化学品事故中的职责与处置措施

通过分析突发危险化学品事故特点,结合《中华人民共和国消防法》等法律法规,阐述消防部队在此类灾害事故应急救援中应当承担的职责使命,指出消防部队的主要职责是搜救疏散人员、处置危险化学品、供水和洗消等,并就现场处置的措施进行了探讨。     

突发公共卫生事件应急现场装备模块化设计研究

目的:提升疾病预防控制队伍的突发公共卫生事件现场处置能力,加强卫生应急装备的快速与机动能力,提高公共卫生应急现场装备的模块化、标准化和专业化水平。方法:根据突发公共卫生事件的处置原则和疾病预防控制工作的特点,结合疾病预防控制队伍的实际使用情况,并参照国家有关的法律法规,按照处理不同疫情的性质和工作流程,确定模块的功能和模块内物品的种类。结果:设计出采样、现场快速检测、流行病学调查、消毒和个人防护等5个模块,每个模块配备有相应的具体工作箱。结论:突发公共卫生事件应急现场装备模块适合现场应急处置使用,实现了装备模块化、标准化和专业化的要求,有利于提高现场处置突发公共卫生事件的能力。     

德阳市新型冠状病毒肺炎病家终末消毒存在的问题与应对措施探讨

对四川省德阳市新型冠状病毒肺炎病家在终末消毒工作中发现的问题进行梳理,主要包括终末消毒方法的选择,终末消毒对象的确定,常见污染对象消毒替代方法,告知工作的注意事项4个方面,并对采取的应对措施进行总结,以期为新型冠状病毒肺炎病家终末消毒处置工作提供参考。     

高寒地区山岳(山难)救援特点与对策研究

结合迪庆州消防救援支队近年来处置的多起人员被困雪山、高海拔寒区失联人员搜救等案例,分析高寒地区山岳（山难）救援特点、难点及存在的问题,研究提出高寒地区山岳（山难）救援技战术方法、专业队伍建设、救援装备配备、专业训练等对策措施。     

SARS亡者尸体处理及解剖消毒隔离工作指南

1　SARS尸体处理指南对传染病亡者尸体或者疑似亡者尸体必须采取隔离措施。防止尸体对停留环境、贮存环境、运输工具的污染。家属在接触传染病亡者尸体时 ,必须按严格隔离要求做好全面防护。1.1　尸体处理　对SARS亡者尸体或疑似亡者尸体立即用浸有有效氯 30 0 0mg/L的含氯消毒剂或浸有 0 .5 %过氧乙酸消毒剂棉纱堵塞腔道、并且浸有同样浓度消毒剂双层被单包裹尸体 ,放入不透水塑料袋内密封。1.2　医院善后工作　各医院必须严格按照统一要求 ,负责告知亡者亲属有关遗体处置的要求 ,负责告知殡仪馆接运遗体工作人员SARS亡者和因感染SA…     

液化石油气储配站作业人员职业暴露及应急救援重点分析

对某市5家液化石油气(LPG)储配站作业人员职业暴露、急性中毒、应急救援设施现状及要点进行分析。结果显示,5家LPG储配站作业人员接触职业病危害因素包括液化石油气、噪声、低温、夏季高温等,现场均设置或配备了监测报警装置、急救或损伤紧急处置及个体防护用品等应急救援设施。总结LPG储配站应急救援要点与急性化学中毒事故现场应急处置措施,提升自身应急救援能力,保障作业人员职业健康安全。     

田野考古工作现场卫生防病处置

目的适应新时期田野考古工作需求,保障田野考古工作者身心健康,探索田野考古现场卫生防病处置技术。方法依据田野考古、卫生法律法规、田野考古接触的有害因素,结合田野考古工作实践,分析田野考古环境职业危害,开展新时期田野考古卫生应急法律及处置技术研究。结果田野考古工作机构应与劳动、卫生等部门协作,在属地疾病预防控制机构的指导下,依法建立健全田野考古环境的现场卫生防病处置流程,维护田野考古工作者身心健康。结论以人为本,制定田野考古工作现场卫生防病处置法规,有利于保障田野考古人力资源,促进文化旅游业可持续发展。     

汶川地震妇产儿科伤病员的救治管理

[目的]四川大学华西第二医院作为中国西部规模最大妇女儿童专科医院和疑难重症诊治中心,在汶川地震妇产儿童伤病员医疗救援中,医院医疗救援体系经受了重大考验.医院立即将医疗常态转入双轨应急状态,从分诊、转运、接诊、处置到康复转出管理,建立了运转有序医疗应急体系、环节通畅医疗救援体系,为受灾妇女儿童及时教治、妇产儿专科疾病和并发症有效处理提供了可靠保证.保证了灾区妇产儿科病人第一时间高质量专科救治,无一例孕产妇死亡,有效保证了最高治愈率,最小死亡率和致残率.     

城市生活垃圾清运及接收作业常见肠杆菌科细菌危害识别与预防控制

目的识别城市生活垃圾的收集、清理、转运、接收作业接触的常见肠杆菌科细菌,分析其危害程度,筛选关键控制点。方法采用现场职业卫生调查法、系统工程分析法、文献复用法、危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP)技术,分析城市生活垃圾收集、清理、转运、接收工作场所的常见肠杆菌科细菌危害状况,按照岗位从可能来源,接触的时间、方式和频率,主要危害特性共5个方面描述作业人员的接触特点,确定关键控制因素,筛选关键控制点。结果城市生活垃圾的收集、清理、转运、接收作业接触的肠杆菌科细菌以埃希菌属、沙门菌属、志贺菌属常见,在垃圾人工收集、垃圾压缩、吊装操作以及垃圾卸料时均可存在。清运及接收作业全年不间断,工作日内间断与连续作业并存,短时间接触与长时间接触并存。保洁工和转运工直接接触肠杆菌科细菌机会多,作业时间较固定,接触时间相对较短。地磅和卸料指挥作业自动化程度较高,间接接触为主,接触时间长,连续作业居多。将清运作业自动化、密闭、吸附、生物因素监测、职业健康监护、消毒效果监测列为关键控制点,并提出防控对策。结论城市生活垃圾的收集、清理、转运、接收作业均可接触埃希菌属、沙门氏菌属、志贺菌属,需要加强生物因素监测、职业健康监护、个人防护和消毒,并进行消毒效果监测。     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

Car ownership and the association between fruit and vegetable availability and diet

Objective

Nearly all research on the food environment and diet has not accounted for car ownership — a potential key modifying factor. This study examined the modifying effect of car ownership on the relationship between neighborhood fruit and vegetable availability and intake.

Methods

Data on respondents' (n = 760) fruit and vegetable intake, car ownership, and demographics came from the 2008 New Orleans Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Shelf space data on fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables were collected in 2008 from a random sample of New Orleans stores (n = 114). Availability measures were constructed by summing the amount of fruit and vegetable shelf space in all stores within defined distances from respondent households. Regression analyses controlled for demographics and were run separately for respondents with and without a car.

Results

Fruit and vegetable availability was positively associated with intake among non-car owners. An additional 100 m of shelf space within 2 km of a residence was predictive of a half-serving/day increase in fruit and vegetable intake. Availability was not associated with intake among car owners.

Conclusions

Future research and interventions to increase neighborhood healthy food options should consider car ownership rates in their target areas as an important modifying factor.