重组FN多肽CH50抑制黑色素瘤B16细胞体内转移的研究

目的研究重组纤黏连蛋白(FN)多肽CH50对小鼠黑色素瘤B16细胞体内转移的影响,以探讨CH50多肽抑制肿瘤转移的可能分子机制。方法体外培养黑色素瘤B16细胞,用荧光染料CFSE标记,接种脾脏后24h取脾、肝、肺做冰冻切片,观察肿瘤细胞在3种组织中的侵袭情况。从脾脏接种B16细胞,建立体内肿瘤转移动物模型,采用基于流体动力学的体内基因转染方法于小鼠体内表达CH50多肽,RT-PCR检测CH50 mRNA在肝组织的表达,Western印迹检测CH50多肽的表达。通过比较原位肿瘤结节及转移结节在数量、大小、分布上的差异及检测原位肿瘤组织中MMP-2、MMP-9表达差异,观察CH50多肽的治疗效果。结果注射24h后即可在脾脏形成荧光结节。pCH510质粒通过尾静脉注射后,可在肝组织中检测到CH50 mRNA及CH50多肽的表达。从脾脏接种B16细胞后第14天可在脾脏形成原发肿瘤,至第35天肝脏表面已形成转移瘤结节,成功建立了体内器官间(脾转肝)肿瘤转移动物模型。体内转染表达CH50多肽能抑制肿瘤生长、侵袭和转移,抑制原位肿瘤结节中MMP-2、MMP-9的表达。结论CH50多肽可以通过对MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白表达的抑制作用来抑制黑色素瘤B16细胞的成瘤能力和体内侵袭、转移能力。     

重组纤维连接蛋白多肽CH50对黑色素瘤B16细胞侵袭能力的抑制作用及机制

目的研究重组纤维连接蛋白多肽CH50对黑色素瘤B16细胞侵袭能力抑制作用及其机制。方法将小鼠黑色素瘤B16细胞用CFSE标记,经尾静脉注射接种小鼠,分别在6 h和24 h取肺组织作冰冻切片,观察肿瘤细胞在肺部聚集和对肺组织侵袭情况;接种15 d后解剖小鼠取肺,观察B16细胞在肺表面形成转移结节数量差异;观察CH50多肽对B16细胞结合纤维连接蛋白和纤维蛋白原的影响;RT-PCR法检测B16细胞中转移相关基因的表达水平;zymography法检测MMP-9水平。结果CH50多肽短时间作用于B16细胞,注射细胞6 h后肺组织荧光结节数显著减少;而作用较长时间,注射细胞24 h后肺组织荧光结节数减少更为明显。CH50多肽处理过的B16细胞在肺部形成转移结节明显减少。CH50多肽能够显著抑制B16细胞结合纤维连接蛋白及结合后的细胞铺展能力及B16细胞结合纤维蛋白原的能力,能够显著下调B16细胞cdc2、αv、β3、MMP-9等基因的表达与MMP-9分泌。结论CH50多肽能够抑制黑色素瘤B16细胞的侵袭能力,抑制瘤细胞与黏附分子结合,抑制转移相关基因的表达,从而使肿瘤细胞的生物学特征发生改变。     

67ku层黏连蛋白受体促进肝癌细胞MMP-2和MMP-9的表达

目的研究分析67ku层黏连蛋白受体(laminin receptor,67LR)与肝癌细胞基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinases,MMPs)及其组织抑制因子(tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases,TIMPs)表达的关系,探讨67LR促进肝癌细胞体外侵袭能力的分子机制。方法以67LR转染HepG2的稳定细胞株及其对照细胞为材料,采用半定量RT-PCR分析目前已知的23种MMPs和4种TIMPs的表达及变化情况,对表达有变化的基因采用荧光定量PCR进行验证,采用明胶酶谱分析MMP活性的变化。结果半定量RT-PCR和荧光定量PCR发现,67LR高表达的LR4细胞,其MMP2,9的表达比67LR低表达的LR6及对照组pcD-NA-1细胞明显升高,明胶酶谱分析也揭示,LR4细胞分泌的MMP-2和MMP-9的活性明显上升。结论67LR可以促进肝癌细胞MMP-2和MMP-9的表达和分泌,从而促进肝癌细胞体外侵袭能力。     

重组BJ46a 蛋白抑制B16 细胞的体外侵袭及转移

目的 探讨蛇毒金属蛋白酶抑制剂BJ46a的抗肿瘤侵袭及转移作用. 方法 以蛇毒金属蛋白酶抑制剂BJ46a为目的基因,选择杆状病毒表达系统生产重组BJ46a蛋白,纯化并测定其生物学活性;利用Alamar blue法及Transwell小室分析法评价重组蛋白对小鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16体外生长、黏附、运动和侵袭能力的影响(n＝3). 结果 经ProBond亲和层析纯化出的重组BJ46a蛋白具有抑制基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)的活性;经重组BJ46a蛋白处理的B16 细胞穿过 Matrigel的细胞数明显低于对照组(P<0.01),抑制率为84.8%. 结论重组BJ46a蛋白能抑制B16细胞的侵袭转移.     

蛇毒半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的表达对黑色素瘤B16细胞侵袭与转移的作用

目的探讨蛇毒半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂cystatin（sv-cystatin）在黑色素瘤细胞侵袭与转移中的作用。方法构建真核表达质粒pcDNA3．1／sv-cystatin,采用脂质体法将重组质粒导人小鼠黑色素瘤B16FI细胞。G418筛选抗性克隆,Western blotting法和RT-PCR鉴定sv—cystatin在黑色素瘤细胞中的表达,四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）法检测肿瘤细胞体外生长和黏附能力的变化,体外侵袭、运动实验和小鼠实验性肺转移模型分析sv-cystatin表达对黑色素瘤细胞体内、外侵袭力的影响。结果sv-cystatin基因稳定转染后B16F1细胞体外侵袭与运动能力明显降低,其穿膜的细胞数显著低于B16F1／pcDNA3．1空载体组和未转染细胞组（P〈0．01）;sv—cystatin的表达可抑制C57BL／6小鼠肺转移瘤灶的形成;其体外增殖及黏附能力未见明显改变。结论sv—cystatin基因转染可抑制黑色素瘤B16细胞的体内、外侵袭与转移能力。     

β-榄香烯抑制恶性黑色素瘤生长和侵袭

目的研究β-榄香烯(β-E)对恶性黑色素瘤细胞B16增殖和侵袭的影响及其相关机制。方法培养B16细胞,建立体外恶性黑色素瘤模型,应用MTT法检测β-E对B16细胞增殖能力的影响,应用Transwell方法检测β-E对B16细胞侵袭能力的影响,应用qRT-PCR和western-blot检测β-E对B16细胞MMP2 mRNA和蛋白表达的影响。结果成功建立体外恶性黑色素瘤模型,β-E显著抑制B16细胞增殖和侵袭能力,抑制B16细胞中MMP2 mRNA和蛋白表达,DDP也显著下调上述指标,且以上指标中与DDP组没有显著性差异。结论β-E显著抑制B16细胞增殖和侵袭能力,降低MMP2表达,提示β-E可能在抑制B16细胞增殖和侵袭能力过程中起重要作用。     

MMP-28反义寡核苷酸对肺癌细胞系A549生物学行为的影响

目的 探讨基质金属蛋白酶（MMP）-28反义寡核苷酸（AODN）对人肺癌细胞A549生物学行为的影响。方法 人工合成MMP-28反义寡核苷酸基因,转染至A549细胞,通过半定量RT-PCR和Western blot检测MMP-28 mRNA和蛋白表达;MTT和软琼脂克隆形成实验检测细胞的增殖能力;体外侵袭实验观察细胞体外侵袭能力;裸鼠移植瘤模型观察肺癌细胞形成能力和转移潜能的改变。结果 转染48 h后,与空白对照组和SODN组相比,AODN组细胞MMP-28 mRNA和蛋白表达显著下调（P<0.01）;AODN组细胞增殖活性和体外侵袭能力明显下降（P<0.01）;AODN组细胞移植瘤重量明显减轻（P<0.01）。结论 MMP-28反义寡核苷酸可明显抑制A549细胞体内、外生长和侵袭,表明MMP-28可能成为肺癌抗侵袭治疗的分子靶点。     

脑源性神经营养因子对细胞外蛋白水解酶激活作用的研究

 目的：研究脑源性神经营养因子 (BDNF) 对细胞外蛋白水解酶表达和激活作用的影响。 方法：体外分离并培养人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC），RT-PCR法检测HUVEC基质金属蛋白酶MMP-2 、MMP-9 和基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂TIMP-1、TIMP-2 mRNA的表达，明胶酶谱检测MMP-2和MMP-9蛋白酶活性，纤维蛋白酶谱检测尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂（uPA）蛋白酶活性，Western blotting检测uPA、纤溶酶原激活剂抑制剂（PAI）、TIMP-1及TIMP-2表达。 结果：在对HUVEC增殖无明显促进作用的浓度范围内，BDNF可促进无血清培养的HUVEC MMP-2和MMP-9 mRNA表达,并可促进MMP-2和MMP-9酶原的激活产生活性明胶酶，BDNF对TIMP-1和TIMP-2的表达无明显影响。BDNF以浓度和时间依赖性方式上调HUVEC uPA和PAI-1的表达，并可促进uPA的活性。 结论：BDNF可激活MMPs和uPA/PAI相关的蛋白级联。     

不同组织微环境中人胃癌异种移植瘤侵袭性及基质金属蛋白酶谱表达的差异

目的 探讨组织微环境对癌细胞侵袭性影响机制中基质金属蛋白酶表达的意义。方法 取人胃腺癌组织移植于裸小鼠皮下,成瘤后进行皮下和腹腔内传代接种,形态学观察2处异种移植瘤侵袭性的不同并用免疫组织化学链霉素抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶法检测基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2、MMP-7、MMP-9、MMP-13、TM1-MMP、TM2-MMP、TM3-MMP 7种MMPs在瘤组织中的表达。结果 人胃癌裸小鼠皮下异种移植瘤呈膨胀性生长,侵袭性不明显;除MMP-7外,其他6种MMPs在皮下移植瘤细胞及间质中均无表达。腹腔内移植瘤呈侵袭性生长、纤维间质增多,多种MMPs均在侵袭前沿的肿瘤细胞及间质中表达。同一瘤株来源的人胃癌细胞在裸小鼠不同组织环境中所呈现的侵袭性及MMPs表达差异均有显著性。结论 (1)肿瘤细胞与相邻的间质细胞之间存在相互诱导作用,组织环境对肿瘤侵袭表型可有决定性的影响。(2)MMPs的表达与肿瘤细胞生长方式及侵袭性有密切联系;肿瘤侵袭前沿的间质细胞产生的MMPs也可能参与肿瘤细胞的侵袭过程。     

miR-24-3p 靶向MMP-16 对鼻咽癌5-8F 细胞侵袭、迁移和裸鼠成瘤的 影响

目的:探究miR-24-3p靶向MMP-16对鼻咽癌(NPC)5-8F细胞侵袭、迁移和裸鼠成瘤的影响。方法:体外培养鼻咽癌5-8F细胞,并分为空白组(Control)、阴性对照组(mimic-nc)和目的基因组(miR-24-3p mimic);RT-PCR检测NPC患者肿瘤样本和miR-24 mimic转染5-8F细胞后miR-24-3p表达情况;Transwell检测细胞侵袭情况,划痕检测细胞迁移情况。生物信息学预测miR-24与MMP-16的靶向关系并荧光素实验验证;Western blot检测miR-24 mimic转染5-8F后,MMP-16的表达情况。裸鼠右前肢皮下注射转染miR-24 mimic的5-8F细胞,RT-PCR检测miR-24表达;30 d后取出肿瘤组织检测重量;免疫组化检测MMP-16含量。结果:与NPC患者肿瘤样本相比,癌旁组织miR-24-3p表达较高(P0.05);miR-24-3p mimic组5-8F细胞侵袭能力显著降低(P0.05);miR-24-3p mimic组5-8F细胞迁移能力显著降低(P0.05);荧光素酶报告实验表明miR-24-3p序列上存在MMP-16结合位点;miR-24-3p mimic组MMP-16表达显著降低(P0.05);miR-24-3p过表达可显著降低裸鼠体内肿瘤质量、MMP-16表达及MMP-16阳性率(P0.05)。结论:miR-24-3p可靶向作用于MMP-16抑制NPC 5-8F细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移。     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能...     

Alterations of regular and mature monocytes are distinct,and dependent of intensity and duration of exercise

Circulating monocytes comprise functionally distinct regular (CD14^bright+) and mature (CD141^low+) cells. Cell surface receptors were determined by three colour flow cytometry in 8 healthy control subjects. Compared to regular monocytes, mature monocytes had lower levels of the high affinity Fcy receptor 1 (CD64), complement receptor 3 (CDllb), CD45RO and higher levels for HLA-DR, LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18), interleukin-2 receptor (CD25), CD45RA and the Fc receptor 3 (CD16). Both regular and mature monocytes were measured before and up to three hours after four different types of exercise (Ex) in endurance trained athletes (n=9-16). Immediately after anaerobic exercise of I min with a maximal lactate concentration (la_max) of I2.3 (SD I.4) mmol · l^–1 and exhaustive exercise of 24 (SD 8) min with a maximal lactate concentration (la_max) of 7.4 (SD 2.6) mmol· l^–1 mature monocytes increased more than regular monocytes. Exhaustive endurance exercise of 87 (SD 21) min [la_max 3.7 (SD I.0)] led to a similar increase of regular and mature monocytes. 15–33 min after a 100km run regular monocytes increased significantly, whereas mature monocytes decreased. Up to three hours after the end of all exercises mature monocytes fell below pre-exercise values. In conclusion, duration and intensity of exercise alter distinct maturation stages of monocytes differently. It is probable that the avidity of adhesion molecules like LFA-1 to their endothelial ligands is increased to enable the firm attachment to the endothelium.     

Association between functional alterations of senescence and senility and disorders of gait and balance

OBJECTIVES:

Declines in cognition and mobility are frequently observed in the elderly, and it has been suggested that the appearance of gait disorders in older individuals may constitute a marker of cognitive decline that precedes significant findings in functional performance screening tests. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between functional capacities and gait and balance in an elderly community monitored by the Preventive and Integrated Care Unit of the Hospital Adventista Silvestre in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

METHODS:

Elderly individuals (193 females and 90 males) were submitted to a broad geriatric evaluation, which included the following tests: 1) a performance-oriented mobility assessment (POMA) to evaluate gait; 2) a mini-mental state examination (MMSE); 3) the use of Katz and Lawton scales to assess functional capacity; 4) the application of the geriatric depression scale (GDS); and 5) a mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) scale.

RESULTS:

Reductions in MMSE, Katz and Lawton scores were associated with reductions in POMA scores, and we also observed that significant reductions in POMA scores were present in persons for whom the MMSE and Katz scores did not clearly indicate cognitive dysfunction. We also demonstrated that a decline in the scores obtained with the GDS and MNA scales was associated with a decline in the POMA scores.

CONCLUSIONS:

Considering that significant alterations in the POMA scores were observed prior to the identification of significant alterations in cognitive capacity using either the MMSE or the Katz systems, a prospective study seems warranted to assess the predictive capacity of POMA scores regarding the associated decline in functional capacity.     

Triptorelin and cetrorelix induce immune responses and affect uterine development and expressions of genes and proteins of ESR1, LHR,and FSHR of mice

Context: GnRH immunity can reduce the expression of pituitary GnRH levels, and cause the changes in reproductive behaviors. It is unclear whether triptorelin (TRI) and cetrorelix (CET) immunity influences uterine development and expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), and estradiol receptor 1 (ERS1) in the uterus.

Objective: The study investigated the effects of active immunity of GnRH agonist and antagonist on uterine development, microstructures, expression of hormone receptors mRNAs, and proteins in uteri.

Materials and methods: One hundred and five mice were assigned into CET, TRI, and control groups (CG). Mice in CET-1, CET-2, and CET-3 (n?=?15) were subcutaneously injected with 10, 20, and 40?μg CET antigens for seven days, respectively. Mice in TRI-1, TRI-2, and TRI-3 were injected with 10, 20, and 40?μg TRI antigens for seven days, respectively. The qPCR and Western blot were implemented to determine expressions of ESR1, LHR and FSHR mRNAs, and proteins.

Results: Compared with CG, the uterine weights of CET-1, CET-2, and CET-3 increased by 42.86, 62.86, and 10.00% on day 35 (p?p?p?p?p?Conclusions: CET immunity promoted the uterine development, improved EET and UWT, and also promoted the expressions of ESR1 and FSHR protein levels. It lessened the LHR protein levels. TRI immunity blocked EET and UWT, inhibited uterine growth and development. The efficacy of CET immunity was more obvious than TRI.     

韧带和肌腱的生物力学和力学生物学研究

国际韧带和肌腱研讨会(The International Symposium on Ligaments and Tendons,ISI&T)于2000年在美国佛罗里达州奥兰多市首次召开。研讨会的宗旨是引起对韧带和肌腱研究的重视,并为生物工程师、生物学家、临床医师提供一个可以分享、评论、讨论韧带和肌腱最新研究成果的论坛。从2000年起,国际韧带和肌腱研讨会已经开展了15届;每届研讨会上涌现了大量令人振奋的关于当前韧带和肌腱研究热点和未来挑战的讨论。多年来,韧带和肌腱领域内的研究数量大幅增加,研究质量不断提升。为纪念《医用生物力学》杂志创刊30周年,本文总结过去30年里韧带和肌腱研究的主要进展,包括组织力学、力学生物学、损伤与治愈机制、组织修复和再生。     

Morphology and cytochemistry of leucocytes and thrombocytes of six species of fish

Cytochemical reactions of blood leucocytes and thrombocytes from six species of fish, rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss), coho salmon (Onchorhynchus kisutch), white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), goldfish (Carassius auratus), striped bass (Morone saxatulis), and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were determined. Because the staining reactions were generally similar to the reactions found in mammalian leucocytes with similar morphological features, it is reasonable to classify fish leucocytes using the same terminology as is used for mammalian leucocytes. However, in some species leucocytes with features similar to mammalian eosinophils or basophils were not found. In goldfish leucocytes were found that had segmented nuclei and unstained, moderately refractile cytoplasmic granules. These cells were classified as segmented, granular leucocytes. Although these cells do not appear similar to any mammalian or avian leucocyte, the pattern of positive cytoplasmic alkaline phosphatase staining and negative granular staining is similar to that of equine eosinophils.     

男性乳腺发育症临床病理分析及雌,孕激素受体检测

对１１３例男性乳腺发育症进行临床病理分析。同时检测其中３０例乳腺组织中雌激素受体和孕激素受体分布情况，结果发现两者阳性率分别为８０．０％和８３．３３％。结合文献讨论了男性乳腺发育症的发生与高血清激素浓度及乳腺组织高受体水平的关系。     

Pathology and genetics of phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma

Phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PHEO/PGL) are rare tumours with an estimated annual incidence of 3 per million. Advances in molecular understanding have led to the recognition that at least 30–40% arise in the setting of hereditary disease. Germline mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase genes SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD and SDHAF2 are the most prevalent of the more than 19 hereditary genetic abnormalities which have been reported. It is therefore recommended that, depending on local resources and availability, at least some degree of genetic testing should be offered to all PHEO/PGL patients, including those with clinically sporadic disease. It is now accepted that that all PHEO/PGL have some metastatic potential; therefore, concepts of benign and malignant PHEO/PGL have no meaning and have been replaced by a risk stratification approach. Although there is broad acceptance that certain features, including high proliferative activity, invasive growth, increased cellularity, large tumour nests and comedonecrosis, are associated with an increased risk of metastasis, it remains difficult to predict the clinical behaviour of individual tumours and no single risk stratification scheme is endorsed or in widespread use. In this review, we provide an update on advances in the pathology and genetics of PHEO/PGL with an emphasis on the changes introduced in the WHO 2017 classification of endocrine neoplasia relevant to practising surgical pathologists.