经尿道直视下内切开术治疗尿道狭窄及闭锁20例体会

经尿道直视下内切开术治疗尿道狭窄和尿道闭锁20例,效果满意;并结合治疗经验,讨论了保证手术成功应注意的事项及其术后处理。     

尿道内切开术治疗男性尿道狭窄或闭锁55例

目的探讨尿道内切开治疗男性尿道狭窄或闭锁的疗效。方法回顾分析1997年1月～2003年1月我科采用尿道内切开术治疗55例男性尿道狭窄或闭锁的效果。结果手术一次成功率90．9％(50／55)，2次治疗成功5例。47例随访6～12个月，平均10个月，10例拔尿管后1周内行1次尿道扩张术，2l例术后3个月内行3～5次尿道扩张术，16例术后3个月后行尿道扩张术。结论尿道内切开治疗男性尿道狭窄或闭锁疗效确切。     

尿道内切开术治疗尿道狭窄或闭锁34例报告

报告对３４例尿道狭窄或闭锁患者行尿道内切开术治疗。术后均排尿通畅。其中２１例术后早期作了１～３次尿道扩张术，５例因尿线细而尿道扩张效果不满意再次行尿道内切开术。均未发生严重并发症。结合文献分析认为，尿道内切开术或加电切术作为治疗尿道狭窄或闭锁的首选方法。并对本手术的有关问题进行讨论。     

直视下经尿道内切开术治疗尿道狭窄

目的：探讨直视下经尿道内次切开术治疗尿道狭窄的有效性和安全性。方法：总结直视下经尿道内切开术治疗68例尿道狭窄和闭锁患者的疗效和经验，63例1次手术成功；3例行2次、2例行3次成功。结果：68例中，57例术后随访3～71个月，平均28．3个月，43例(75％)均排尿通畅；2例暂时性尿失禁者分别于术后3～6月内恢复。结论：直视下经尿道内切开术创伤小，并发症少，疗效确切，是尿道狭窄和闭锁的首选治疗方法。     

男性尿道直视下内切开术的并发症及防治

我院自 1989年至今采用直视下尿道内切开术(ｄｉｒｅｃｔｖｉｓｉｏｎｉｎｔｅｒｎａｌｕｒｅｔｈｒｏｔｏｍｙ ,ＤＶＩＵ)治疗男性尿道狭窄 2 6例 ,出现并发症 6例 ,小结如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料　男性尿道狭窄病人 2 6例 ,年龄 2 7～6 8岁 ,平均 51岁。狭窄原因 :骨盆骨折 14例 ,骑跨伤 8例 ,耻骨上前列腺切除术后 1例 ,医源性损伤 2例 ,淋菌性尿道狭窄 1例。狭窄段长度小于 0 .5ｃｍ19例 ,0 .5～ 1.0ｃｍ 6例 ,2 .0ｃｍ 1例。 2 6例中 6例出现并发症 ,其中尿液外渗 1例 ,术后大出血 1例 ,尿道感染 3例 ,尿道再狭窄 1例。1.2　结果…     

窥镜直视下尿道内切开术加电切术治疗尿道狭窄

目的：探讨尿道狭窄的有效治疗方法。方法：对1991—2000年收治的128例尿道狭窄患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析，并比较窥镜直视下尿道内切开术和直视下尿道内切开术加电切术的疗效。结果：作单纯直视下尿道内切开术56例，治愈29例(51．9％)。作窥镜直视下尿道内切开术加电切术72例，治愈63例(87．5％)。结论：窥镜直视下尿道内切开术加电切术的方法可明显提高尿道狭窄的疗效，减少其复发率。     

经尿道内切开术治疗尿道狭窄和闭锁

目的：探讨经尿道内切开术治疗尿道狭窄和闭锁的有效性和安全性。方法：回顾性分析经尿道内切开术治疗42例尿道狭窄和闭锁患者的疗效和经验。结果：42例中,39例1次手术成功;2例行2次、1例行3次手术成功。23例术后随访2～13个月,平均6个月,16例排尿通畅,4例行尿道扩张后排尿通畅。结论：经尿道内切开术创伤小,并发症少,疗效确切,是尿道狭窄和闭锁的首选治疗方法。     

经尿道钬激光治疗男性尿道狭窄

目的:探讨经尿道钬激光治疗男性尿道狭窄的方法、安全性和疗效。方法:对38例男性尿道狭窄患者行经尿道狭窄段疤痕钬激光切除(功率10~45W),狭窄段长度:<1.0cm者18例,1.0~1.5cm者9例,>1.5cm者7例,完全闭锁者4例,并发膀胱结石者6例。平均最大尿流率为(5.6±2.3)ml/s。结果:36例手术成功,无大出血、尿外渗、直肠损伤等并发症发生,术后平均最大尿流率为(17.5±3.4)ml/s,2例中转开放手术,32例获随访3~18个月,其中4例行定期尿道扩张,2例以钬激光行二次手术后治愈。结论:经尿道钬激光治疗男性尿道狭窄安全、有效、创伤小、可重复治疗。     

输尿管镜下钬激光治疗男性尿道狭窄及闭锁(附31例报告)

目的探讨输尿管镜下钬激光治疗男性尿道狭窄及闭锁的效果。方法2006年1月~2007年3月收治男性尿道狭窄及闭锁病人31例,狭窄段长0.5~3.0 cm,采用输尿管镜下钬激光狭窄段切开治疗。术后留置尿管平均4(2~6)周。结果所有手术均成功,拔除尿管后排尿通畅,尿线粗,无尿失禁,无阳痿,无尿瘘。尿流率由术前平均6.1(3.2~10.0)ml/s提高到21.6(15.4~24.5)ml/s。随访3~12个月,均排尿良好,无再狭窄发生,B超检查无剩余尿。结论输尿管镜下钬激光切开治疗男性尿道狭窄及闭锁安全有效,近期治疗效果良好,手术创伤小,并发症少,值得推广应用。由于随访时间尚短,其长期疗效需进一步观察。     

Treatment of Urethral Stricture Disease by Internal Urethrotomy,Dilation, or Stenting

Management of urethral strictures depends on the characteristics of each individual case and remains a great challenge in reconstructive urology. Treatment of anterior urethral strictures usually starts with minimally invasive procedures, such as urethral dilatation or internal urethrotomy. The popularity of these methods is based on the simple application, the low complication rate, and the fact that most general urologists do not perform open urethroplasty. These methods offer faster recovery, minimal scarring, and fewer infections, although recurrence is always possible. Success depends on adequate vascularity within the underlying spongiosal tissue, which may substantially increase the failure rate. Because the recurrence rate has remained higher than it was in past decades, various modifications of urethral stricture treatment have been suggested, including laser urethrotomy and urethral stents. Since the late 1980s, two different approaches have been studied to prevent scaring contraction: permanent stent versus temporary stents left indwelling for a limited time and then removed. Although the first reports seemed to promise excellent outcomes, longer follow-up began to cast doubt on the usefulness of urethral stenting as a primary treatment modality for urethral stricture disease. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the published literature with respect to any new information on minimally invasive procedures in the treatment of urethral strictures.Patient summaryThe optimal indications for dilatation or internal urethrotomy are simple bulbar strictures <2 cm without spongiofibrosis or history of previous treatment. Recurrent urethral strictures after repeated interventions are usually more complex and can render the definite open urethral surgery more difficult.     

Internal Urethrotomy Versus Dilation as Treatment for Male Urethral Strictures: A Prospective, Randomized Comparison

Purpose

We compared the efficacy of dilation versus internal urethrotomy as initial outpatient treatment for male urethral stricture disease.

Materials and Methods

A total of 210 men with proved urethral strictures was randomized to undergo filiform dilation (106) or optical internal urethrotomy (104) with local anesthesia on an outpatient basis.

Results

Life table survival analysis showed no significant difference between the 2 treatments with regard to stricture recurrence. Hazard function analysis showed that the risk of stricture recurrence was greatest at 6 months, whereas the risk of failure after 12 months was slight. The recurrence rate at 12 months was approximately 40% for strictures shorter than 2 cm. and 80% for those longer than 4 cm., whereas the recurrence rate for strictures 2 to 4 cm. long increased from approximately 50% at 12 months to approximately 75% at 48 months. Cox regression analysis showed that for each 1 cm. increase in length of the stricture the risk of recurrence was increased by 1.22 (95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.43).

Conclusions

There is no significant difference in efficacy between dilation and internal urethrotomy as initial treatment for strictures. Both methods become less effective with increasing stricture length. We recommend dilation or internal urethrotomy for strictures shorter than 2 cm., primary urethroplasty for those longer than 4 cm. and a trial of dilation or urethrotomy for those 2 to 4 cm. long.     

Management of the Recurrent Male Urethral Stricture

Urethral stricture disease negatively impacts quality of life and leads to significant urologic pathology including lower urinary tract symptoms, recurrent urinary tract infections, and potentially more severe sequelae such as detrusor dysfunction, renal failure, urethral carcinoma, and Fournier’s gangrene. Open urethral reconstruction is considered a durable and definitive treatment for urethral stricture with lifetime success rates ranging from 75–100 %; however, strictures do recur up to 10 years after surgery. Recurrence rates vary by repair type. There also is no agreed-upon modality for recurrence surveillance, but there are many modalities with varying degrees of invasiveness. Recurrent strictures may be managed endoscopically or via open repair. We review stricture recurrence rates, surveillance modalities, risk factors, and management options.     

Endoscopic Management of Urethral Stricture: Review and Practice Algorithm for Management of Male Urethral Stricture Disease

Purpose of Review

Male urethral stricture disease is characterized by the formation of scar tissue within the urethra resulting in lower urinary tract symptoms, infection, and potentially kidney dysfunction. There is significant variability in clinical practice for the treatment of urethral stricture. We sought to summarize the known data on endoscopic management of urethral stricture disease as part of this larger edition on urethral stricture management.

Recent Findings

Older studies quoted high rates of success with endoscopic management of urethral stricture, including repeated DVIU. There is now evidence to support a limited role of endoscopic intervention in the management of urethral stricture, and especially strong evidence that repeated endoscopic procedures are not effective.

Summary

There is poor evidence to support the long-term efficacy of endoscopic urethral stricture management. Furthermore, novel advances in adjunctive therapies have not yet demonstrated durable patency. We discuss the limited role of endoscopic management and suggest an algorithm for its use in stricture management.