低强度超声波促进骨折愈合过程中I、X型胶原蛋白的基因表达

目的 研究低强度超声波刺激下骨折处I、X型胶原的基因表达规律,从分子水平探索低强度超声波促进骨折愈合的作用机制.方法 应用兔双侧桡骨骨折模型,采用左右自身对照.36只新西兰雄性大白兔,分为6组.右侧骨折处每日行超声刺激20rain,左侧不行刺激.分别于术后3、7、10、14、21、28d取骨折处骨痂及纤维组织,进行骨痂厚度的测量和组织学观察.RT-PCR方法半定量分析I、X型胶原mRNA的表达规律.结果 自术后10d开始至28d,实验侧的骨痂厚度明显高于对照侧.术后10、14、21、28d HE染色显示成软骨细胞及成骨细胞提早出现而且量多,细胞外基质合成增加.I型胶原mRNA表达于术后14、21d含量明显高于对照侧,软骨内细胞外基质蛋白合成增加,增加新骨基质的含量.X型胶原mRNA表达于术后14d明显高于对照侧,术后21d达高峰,然后下降.结论 低强度超声波作用可以增加骨折处骨痂含量,其加快骨折愈合通过刺激骨痂增生,使矿化过程提前发生所致.低强度超声波刺激可以增加I、X型胶原的mRNA含量,促使软骨内成骨过程中软骨细胞的增多和细胞外基质的钙化.     

肠道菌群对代谢术后骨代谢的影响

肠道菌群的改变对宿主起着多方面的影响。代谢手术对肠道结构及生理功能的改变影响了寄居于肠道内的菌群。而这些菌群的变化参与了术后体重下降﹑糖代谢及脂代谢的改变。同时已有很多研究证实肠道菌群的变化可以通过影响宿主的代谢系统﹑神经系统﹑免疫调节系统对骨代谢造成不容忽视的影响。益生菌作为一种对宿主有益的活性微生物,其骨保护作用也越来越得到重视。本文从减重术后肠道菌群的改变﹑肠道菌群对骨代谢的影响及益生菌与骨代谢等方面进行综述,总结近年来的研究进展及热点,搭建肠道菌群与代谢术后骨代谢相关多学科之间的桥梁,为代谢术后的菌群治疗、靶点研究奠定基础。     

Collagen type I of rat cortical and trabecular bone differs in the extent of posttranslational modifications

This study sought to evaluate whether the architecture of the matrix of cortical and trabecular bone is exactly the same. For this purpose we analyzed the extent of some posttranslational modifications of type I collagen, which is the major component of bone matrix. Ten female and 10 male 100-day-old rats were sacrificed and the content of hydroxylysine, glycosylated hydroxylysine, and pyridinium cross-links of collagen from cortical and trabecular bone was determined. The amount of each compound was expressed as a molar ratio with hydroxyproline. The collagen posttranslational modification pattern appears to be the same in both sexes but with a higher extent of differences in females compared with males. Comparing cortical and trabecular bone, the former contains a higher amount of hydroxylysine residues whereas in the latter, glycosylation of hydroxylysine is higher and pyridinium cross-link concentration is lower. Moreover, an inverse linear relationship between glycosylated hydroxylysine and pyridinium cross-links concentration was established, both for female (r =−0.455, P= 0.04) and male rats (r =−0.426; P= 0.06). This paper discusses what these findings may mean in functional terms. Received: 14 March 1995 / Accepted: 9 August 1995     

钒酸盐对I型糖尿病大鼠骨矿盐代谢及骨显微结构的影响

目的 评价钒酸盐对I型糖尿病大鼠骨代谢及骨显微结构的影响。方法 45只雄性Wistar大鼠被分为3组:正常饲养组(n=15)、高血糖组(n= 15)、高血糖钒酸盐治疗组(n=15)。对高血糖组和高血糖钒酸盐治疗组大鼠进行I型糖尿病造模,正常饲养组大鼠尾静脉注射生理盐水作为对照。以8 w龄Wistar雄性大鼠按45 mg/kg体重注射佐链尿菌素,制作糖尿病大鼠模型。造模成功后,给予高血糖钒酸盐治疗组糖尿病大鼠应用钒酸盐治疗,每只大鼠按0. 18 mg/(kg?d)钒计量喂养,每只大鼠通过灌胃治疗,治疗共持续12 w。正常饲养组和高血糖组则以生理盐水灌胃进行对照。连续喂养12 w,期间每周分别对 3组大鼠进行体重、血糖监测。喂养结束以后,分别取3组大鼠胫骨、股骨进行Micro-CT检测、免疫组化和组织形态学检测、生物力学检测、骨矿含量等相关指标检测。结果 经过12 w治疗,结果显示钒酸盐能够明显改善大鼠的髙血糖状态,提高体重指标,而且治疗组平均骨小梁厚度、最大负荷载力、骨盐含量指标均明显髙于高血糖组（P <0.05)。但钙盐的含量并没有显著提高（P>0.05)。结论 钒酸盐能够降低高血糖大鼠的血糖值,改善糖尿病大鼠的骨代谢、骨小梁显微结构及骨组织的力学性能,可为糖尿病性骨质疏松症提供新的治疗方法。     

Increased operative bleeding during orthopaedic surgery in patients with type I Gaucher disease and bone involvement

To aid clinicians in identifying patients with type I Gaucher disease who are at risk of excessive bleeding, we reviewed the coagulation parameters of six affected patients with bone involvement who underwent orthopaedic surgery at two centers, and of 22 patients under treatment at another, seven of whom had total splenectomy. All patients were of Jewish Ashkenazi origin. Among the latter group, prolonged prothrombin time was noted in 81%. Incidence of clotting factor deficiency were as follows: factor XI, 36.3%; V, 31.8%; VIII, 27.2%; IX, 13.6%; and XII, 27.2%. Most of the abnormalities occurred in the non-splenectomized patients. Two of the six orthopaedic surgery patients had excessive intraoperative and postoperative bleeding. One, who underwent spinal decompression had prolonged prothrombin time, and the other, who had total hip replacement, showed a deficiency of factor XI. The second patient's hemoglobin level was maintained with transfusion of fresh frozen plasma during contralateral hip arthroplasty five months later. We suggest that preoperative evaluation of clotting factors and replacement therapy may prevent excessive bleeding in patients with type I Gaucher disease.     

Changes in bone remodeling after palatal surgery

It is generally well known that an infant with a cleft palate will have facial underdevelopment after corrective surgery. In such a case, we can suppose that the internal remodeling of the facial bone becomes abnormal postoperatively. The purpose of this study was to observe the changes in palatal bone remodeling after palatal surgery and the external bone growth inhibition using the microradiography and hard tissue labeling method. In this investigation we had 4 experimental groups and used large undecalcified ground sections to observe the whole palatal bone. Our experiments showed that the changes resulting from surgery include not only external bone growth inhibition, but also considerable abnormal remodeling in the interior of the bone. When the mucoperiosteum was removed, the changes continued to occur for an especially long period.     

TAP block analgesia after iliac bone surgery

We report two cases of iliac bone surgery (repair of a symphysis disjunction and fixation of a fracture of the iliac ala) where TAP blocks were effective for postoperative analgesia. In the first case, we performed a bilateral block, and only a unilateral block in the second case. We discuss possible mechanisms to explain the efficacy of the TAP blocks in such surgeries. As for the femoral nerve block in major knee surgery, we think that blocking the parietal pain from skin and blocking parietal muscles contracture, can reduce postoperative pain in such surgeries.     

Laryngeal complications after type I thyroplasty

Type I thyroplasty has become a primary surgical choice for voice restoration in patients with glottal incompetence. This study examines factors associated with laryngeal complications after type I thyroplasty. Ten laryngoscopic variables were analyzed from preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative videolaryngoscopies of 51 patients undergoing 58 medialization procedures. Ten patient and operative variables were examined by medical record review. Major complications were defined as wound hemorrhage, airway obstruction, or prosthesis extrusion. Minor complications were defined as vocal fold hematoma without airway obstruction or prosthesis movement. The major complication rate was 8.6%, and the minor complication rate was 29%. No delayed hemorrhage or airway obstruction occurred. Prosthesis extrusion occurred in five (8.6%) patients 1 week to 5 months after surgery. Extrusion was associated with suboptimal prosthesis placement in 80% of cases. Two patients retained excellent glottal closure despite extrusion. Vocal fold hematoma was identified in 14 (24%) cases and resolved within 1 week. Prosthesis movement occurred in three (5%) patients 1 week to 6 months after surgery and resulted in poor glottal closure. All patients with prosthesis extrusion or movement were female. Type I thyroplasty remains a safe outpatient procedure with few major complications. Prosthesis extrusion was associated with suboptimal prosthesis placement and may or may not result in poor glottal closure. Minor vocal fold hematomas were relatively frequent, resolved rapidly, and were not associated with airway obstruction. Female patients may be more prone to complications because of their small laryngeal size. (OTOLARYNGOL HEAD NECK SURG 1995;113:671-3.)     

Collagen metabolism in small intestinal anastomosis

Collagen metabolism in the small intestinal wall during the first week of anastomotic healing in operated and nonoperated rats was studied. During this period, marked changes in anastomotic strength have been observed. A general and marked increase of collagen synthesis was found throughout the intestine already on the second day. This resulted in increased collagen content. Collagen concentration remained relatively unchanged despite an increase in collagen content as a result of concomitant increase of noncollagenous substances. The previously reported loss of anastomotic strength in the early phase of healing could not be explained by changes in collagen content or metabolism in this study. Cutting of sutures seems to be due to a local process. After 4 days, collagen content increased predominantly in the anastomotic region. It correlated well to the previously observed increase of anastomotic strength.     

Collagen type I and decorin expression in tenocytes depend on the cell isolation method

ABSTRACT: BackroundThe treatment of rotator cuff tears is still challenging. Tendon tissue engineering (TTE) might be an alternative in future. Tenocytes seem to be the most suitable cell type as they are easy to obtain and no differentiation in vitro is necessary. The aim of this study was to examine, if the long head of the biceps tendon (LHB) can deliver viable tenocytes for TTE. In this context, different isolation methods, such as enzymatic digestion (ED) and cell migration (CM), are investigated on differences in gene expression and cell morphology. METHODS: Samples of the LHB were obtained from patients, who underwent surgery for primary shoulder arthroplasty. Using ED as isolation method, 0.2% collagenase I solution was used. Using CM as isolation method, small pieces of minced tendon were put into petri-dishes. After cell cultivation, RT-PCR was performed for collagen type I, collagen type III, decorin, tenascin-C, fibronectin, Scleraxis, tenomodulin, osteopontin and agreccan. RESULTS: The total number of isolated cells, in relation to 1 g of native tissue, was 14 times higher using ED. The time interval for cell isolation was about 17 hours using ED and approximately 50 days using CM. Cell morphology in vitro was similar for both isolation techniques. Higher expression of collagen type I could be observed in tenocyte-like cell cultures (TLCC) using ED as isolation method (p < 0.05), however decorin expression was higher in TLCC using CM as isolation method (p < 0.05). Dedifferentiation potential seemed to be similar for both isolation techniques. CONCLUSION: In summary tenocyte-like cells can be obtained with both isolation methods (ED and CM) from the LHB. As no obvious disadvantage could be seen using ED, this method is more suitable for clinical use, as time for cell isolation is shorter and a remarkably higher number of cells can be obtained. However, both isolation methods can further be improved.