Collection of mobilized peripheral blood stem cells from a donor with severe iron deficient anemia

We report a 45-year-old woman with iron deficient anemia (IDA) who underwent a collection of allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) induced by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) after a rapid improvement of IDA by iron replacement. Her peripheral red blood cells (RBCs) after iron therapy were composed of two different-sized subpopulations; one consisted of microcytes, which were iron deficient RBCs, and another of normocytes, which were produced after iron replacement. On the first day of PBSC collection, the interface setting was maintained aiming at 2% hematocrit as usual; however, PBSCs could not be collected adequately. Sedimentation of iron deficient, lighter RBCs under centrifugation within a blood cell separator could be similar to that of mononuclear cells, and the lighter RBCs could contaminate the mononuclear cell layer, resulting in the collection of the lighter layers of mononuclear cells than desired. On the second day, we succeeded in obtaining enough PBSCs by collecting heavier layers than those collected on the first day by using a 4% hematocrit and monitoring white blood cell counts of the collection line serially. It should be noted that the lighter RBCs from a donor with a history of IDA could complicate collection of PBSCs.     

Safety of large-volume leukapheresis for collection of peripheral blood progenitor cells

Large volume leukapheresis (LVL) reduces the number of procedures required to obtain adequate peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) for autologous hematopoietic reconstitution. LVL involves the processing of >15 L or 5 patient blood volumes using high flow rates. We report our experience with LVL evaluating its efficiency and adverse effects in 71 adult patients with hematologic or solid organ malignancies. All were mobilized with chemotherapy and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). All collections used a double lumen apheresis catheter. Means values per LVL were as follows: blood processed, 24.6 L; patient blood volumes processed, 5.9; ACD-A used. 1.048 ml; heparin used, 6,148 units; collect time, 290 min; blood flow rate, 89 ml/min. Eighty percent of the collections were completed in one or two procedures to obtain ≥6.0 × 10⁸ MNCs/kg body weight. The most frequent side effect (39%) was parasthesia due to citrate-related hypocalcemia. This was managed with oral calcium supplements and or slower flow rates. Post-LVL electrolyte changes were generally asymptomatic. Prophylactic oral potassium supplements were administered in 57% of cases. Other reactions included hypotension (4%), prolonged parasthesia (1.4%), and headache (1.4%). Catheter problems in 9 (13%) of the procedures were attributed to clot formation (37%) or positional effects (63%). No bleeding occurred. Post-LVL decreases in hematocrit and platelet count averaged 3.5% and 46%, respectively. Six (4%) of the procedures required red blood cell transfusions. Platelet transfusions were given in 19 (13%) of the procedures. We conclude that adverse reactions with LVL are similar to those reported for conventional PBPC collections, making it safe and efficacious as an outpatient procedure. J. Clin Apheresis 12:10–13, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Collection of peripheral blood stem cells on spectra

The collection of peripheral blood stem cells by apheresis is a procedure used with increasing frequency in bone marrow transplant. The Spectra Apheresis System is an automated machine allowing the procedure to be tailored to every patient for optimal safety and comfort. The ability to constantly view the products allows the operator flexibility to control the results for an optimal result. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

G-CSF动员供者外周血单个核细胞输注治疗异基因造血干细胞移植后复发白血病的临床研究

目的观察重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)动员的供者外周血单个核细胞输注治疗异基因造血干细胞移植后,白血病复发的有效性及安全性。方法对2009年7月至2011年2月该科20例异基因造血干细胞移植后复发的白血病患者,予以输注G-CSF动员后供者外周血单个核细胞。其中5例急性淋巴细胞白血病-CR2,8例急性髓系白血病-CR2,2例急性髓系白血病-CR3,3例急性混合细胞白血病,2例加速期慢性髓系白血病。在异基因造血干细胞移植后,半年内,20例患者均复发,予G-CSF动员后,供者外周血单个核细胞输注,每次输注细胞量按1×105/kg、2×105/kg、4×105/kg逐级增加,每次输注间隔4周。结果 12例患者再次完全缓解,8例患者未缓解。输注后,3例患者发生了Ⅰ~Ⅱ度急性移植物抗宿主病,12例患者发生了慢性移植物抗宿主病,5例未发生并发症,未观察到输注相关的全血细胞减少。结论 G-CSF动员供者外周血单个核细胞输注治疗异基因造血干细胞移植后,白血病复发有较好的疗效,不良反应小,值得临床进一步推广。     

Prospective change control analysis of transfer of platelet concentrate production from a specialized stem cell transplantation unit to a blood transfusion center

Background and objectives: Specialized centers claim a need for blood component production independent from the general blood transfusion services. We performed a prospective change control analysis of the transfer of platelet (PLT) production for hematological patients at the University Hospital Basel from the Department of Hematology to the Blood Transfusion Centre, Swiss Red Cross, Basel in February 2006. We wanted to demonstrate that neither quality nor transfusion outcome was affected. Material and methods: Production quantity and efficiency, product quality and transfusion outcome were systematically recorded. A 2‐year pretransfer period was compared to a 2 year post‐transfer period. Results: After transfer production quantity at the Blood Transfusion Centre increased from 4,483 to 6,190 PLT concentrates. Production efficiency increased with a significant decrease in the rate of expired products (18% vs. 8%; P < 0.001). Product quality showed a slight decrease in median PLT count per unit (2.84 vs. 2.75 × 10¹¹; P < 0.001) and a slight increase in mean storage time prior to transfusion (3.18 vs. 3.30 days; P < 0.001). Transfusion outcome measured as median corrected count increment one hour post‐transfusion (10.5 vs. 10.7; P = 0.3) and the rate of patients with inadequate post‐transfusion increment (31.5% vs. 32.1%; P = 0.6) did not differ. Conclusion: Supply and quality of PLT products was maintained after the transfer of PLT production to the Blood Transfusion Centre. An optimization of the supply chain process with markedly decreased expiration rates was achieved. These results argue against the need of specialized PLT production sites for selected patient groups. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

自体外周血单个核细胞移植治疗下肢动脉缺血性疾病的研究

目的 分析59例下肢缺血性疾病患者进行自体外周血单个核细胞(MNC)移植的疗效及其与移植MNC数及CD34+细胞数的相关性,探索外周血MNC在下肢动脉缺血性疾病治疗中的优势.方法 对59例患者治疗前静息痛、冷感、间歇性跛行及组织损伤分别进行评分,而后动员并采集自体外周血MNC,于缺血下肢多位点等间距注射.评价治疗后第7天及4个月时的治疗效果,分析注入的MNC数及其中所含CD34+细胞数与疗效的相关性.结果 MNC移植后第7天及4个月时患者的下肢缺血均有不同程度的改善,CD34+细胞数量与疗效的相关系数为0.461(P=0.047),尼莫地平值=0.484+1.055×CD34+细胞数,MNC数量与疗效的相关系数为0.473(P=0.000),尼莫地平值=0.288+0.401×MNC数.结果 显示MNC数量比CD34+细胞数量与疗效的相关性更强.结论 注入的自体外周血MNC数较CD34+细胞数更能反映与临床疗效的相关性.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the efficacy and its correlation with species of transplant cells of autologous mobilized peripheral blood(PB) mononucleated cells (MNCs) transplantation on 59 patients with lower limbs ischemia. Methods Fifty-nine patients were evaluated with symptoms scores and after that their PBMNCs were mobilized and collected and then injected into the ischemic area at equal distance. They effectiveness and scores were evaluated at 7th day and 4th month after therapy. The correlation of CD34 + cells and of MNCs with effectiveness was analysed respectively, and formula for c orrelations between them and effectiveness was calculated. Results After MNCs injection, the effectiveness was observed both at 7th day and 4th month . The correlation of MNCs with effectiveness was stronger than that of CD34 + cells ( the effectiveness was represented by nimodipine value), According to the formula of nimodipine value, the value of the latter =0.484 + 1. 055 × CD34 + cells number and the former = 0.288 + 0. 401 × MNCs number with a correlation coefficient of R =0. 461( P =0. 047 ) and R =0. 473 ( P =0. 000 ) respectively. Conclusion Autologous mobilized PBMNCs number is a better indicator for effectiveness than CD34 + cells number.     

A new model for predicting the timing of leukapheresis on the basis of CD34+ cell and hematopoietic progenitor cell levels

We developed a model (depending on peripheral CD34(+) cell count and hematopoietic progenitor cell count) to determine the optimal timing of 3-day leukapheresis in patients pretreated with chemotherapy and G-CSF. Marrow potentials were identified on the basis of three patterns of leukapheretic yield. Pattern 1 predicted good marrow potential. The positive predictive value of a first-day leukapheretic yield of >1 x 10(6) CD34(+) cells/kg (mean 3-day yield = 8.18 x 10(6) CD34(+) cells/kg, n = 11) was 100%. Pattern 2 predicted poor marrow potential. The negative predictive value of a 3-day leukapheretic yield of >1 x 10(6) CD34(+) cells/kg (3-day yield = 0.26 x 10(6) CD34(+) cells/kg, n = 1) was 100%. Pattern 3 met neither of the above criteria (mean 3-day yield = 1.37 x 10(6) CD34(+) cells/kg, n = 19). The marrow potential was borderline and patients could be further divided into two subgroups according to peripheral CD34(+) cell counts when WBC reached >10,000/microl. The mean yield differed significantly between pattern 1 and 3 (P < 0.001). For patients with good marrow potential, leukapheresis should begin as soon as the WBC count is >5,000/microl. Patients with borderline marrow potential may benefit from delaying leukapheresis until the WBC level is >10,000/microl and leukapheresis extended more than 3 days.     

亲缘异基因造血干细胞移植联合甲磺酸伊马替尼治疗Ph阳性白血病

背景：造血干细胞移植是可以治愈Ph＋白血病有效方法,甲磺酸伊马替尼是一种高度特异的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,能抑制BCR/ABL酪氨酸激酶活性,在Ph＋白血病中的应用越来越多。目的：探讨甲磺酸伊马替尼联合亲缘异基因造血干细胞移植治疗Ph＋白血病的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析2011年1月至2012年10月采用亲缘异基因造血干细胞移植联合甲磺酸伊马替尼治疗12例Ph＋白血病的疗效并文献复习。结果与结论：12例患者移植后均获得造血重建,移植后中性粒细胞和血小板植活的中位时间分别为15 d和18 d;发生Ⅱ度急性移植物抗宿主病7例,Ⅲ度急性移植物抗宿主病1例,局限型慢性移植物抗宿主病7例,广泛型慢性移植物抗宿主病3例;无白血病存活率为67%,移植相关死亡率为25%。行HLA匹配亲缘造血干细胞移植者的总体存活率为75.0%。平均无病生存8.5个月（7-17个月）,BCR/ABL转阴时间2-5个月。亲缘异基因造血干细胞移植前、后联合甲磺酸伊马替尼治疗Ph＋白血病,具有降低移植前白血病细胞负荷,抑制残留白血病细胞增殖,促进供者完全嵌合状态的转变,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

免疫磁珠分离及流式细胞仪分选纯化外周血CD34+/CD90+干细胞

目的　建立人外周血CD34 细胞及其亚群的纯化分离方法。方法　用干细胞采集仪收集了 3例病人的外周血干细胞 ,应用免疫磁珠分离柱快速分离其中的CD34 细胞 ,随后采用分选型EPICSElite流式细胞仪进一步分选出CD34 /CD90 双阳性早期造血干细胞。结果　免疫磁珠分离纯化后CD34 干细胞的纯度可达 83%～ 95 % ,回收率 5 4 %～ 71% ,活细胞率 >95 %。流式细胞仪分选后的CD34 /CD90 细胞纯度可达 90 %以上 ,回收率在 4 0 %～ 5 0 % ,生存率 >95 %。起始标本中CD34 细胞含量越高 ,纯化所得到的干细胞纯度和回收率越高。两种纯化后的干细胞在形态学上有明显的不同。结论　联合应用免疫磁珠分离和流式细胞仪分选 ,可以较高的回收率快速纯化高纯度的CD34 细胞及其亚群     

经粒系集落刺激因子刺激外周血CD34~+细胞动员效果相关因素的考察

目的探讨粒系集落刺激因子(G-CSF)动员健康供者外周血造血干细胞效果的影响因素。方法对24例健康供者皮下注射G-CSF动员造血干细胞,检测外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和血常规数据。结果经G-CSF刺激后,外周血CD3+(%)、CD3+CD4+(%)、白细胞计数、血小板均明显升高(P0.05);而动员第4天、第5天、第6天骨有核细胞密度、CD34+细胞百分比无明显差别。经相关性分析,性别、年龄、体质量与CD34+细胞百分比呈负相关(P0.05),白细胞计数呈正相关(P0.01)。结论在一定范围内男性供者优于女性供者,年龄越小,体质量越轻,白细胞计数越高,经G-CSF动员的外周血造血干细胞CD34+细胞百分比越高。     

脐血间充质干细胞支持下脐血单个核细胞扩增的研究

目的 探讨脐血源间充质干细胞联合外源性细胞因子对脐血单个核细胞体外扩增的支持作用.方法 从脐血中分离、培养出间充质干细胞并检测其细胞表面抗原;以此间充质干细胞作为细胞滋养层.将脐血单个核细胞接种于无血清培养体系中培养18天,在第0、7、10、14及18天检测有核细胞总数、CD34+、CDl33+细胞数、集落形成单位数和(G2+M+S)期细胞含量变化.结果 ①从脐血中分离、培养出的间充质干细胞能稳定表达CD29、CD105和CD44,但不表达CD34和CD133;②外源性细胞因子及脐血源间充质下细胞均支持脐血间充质干细胞扩增,但以细胞因子联合脐血源间充质干细胞组效果最好,在第10天上述榆测指标达到峰值,分别为第0天的(6.91±1.91)、(7.75±1.24)、(6.49±1.33)、(15.62±1.29)和(28.26±6.58)倍,且维持造血至少18天.结论 ①从脐血巾能成功分离、培养出间充质下细胞,并完成细胞表型的初步鉴定;②外源性细胞因子联合脐血源间允质干细胞可有效扩增脐血单个核细胞.     

自体骨髓单个核细胞治疗脊髓损伤的临床研究

目的：观察自体骨髓单个核细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤患者的近期疗效及其安全性。方法：34例脊髓损伤患者,采用随机表法分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组16例,对照组18例,均经CT或MRI确诊并行手术或非手术治疗。两组在年龄、病程、损伤程度（ASIA分级）等方面均具有可比性（P＞0.05）。患者知情同意并签署知情同意书。治疗组在综合康复治疗的基础上给予自体骨髓单个核细胞（mononuclear cells,MNCs）治疗,经髂骨穿刺采集自体骨髓,分离提取骨髓单个核细胞后经静脉途径和／或蛛网膜下腔1次性或分次注射。对照组仅给予综合康复治疗。两组均于入院当天、治疗后第7、15、30、60、90天进行运动与感觉功能、日常生活活动能力、膀胱功能评定。结果：①治疗组感觉、运动和膀胱功能均有改善,但与对照组比较差异无显著性意义;②ASIA分级评定：治疗组共有5例患者在第90天评估中分别提高1—2级,对照组4例患者在第90天评估中分别提高1级;③MNCs移植的不良反应包括蛛网膜下腔移植后出现低热9例,头痛4例,腹胀1例;1例患者在注射后出现双下肢麻木、脑膜刺激征。经对症处理均于72h内消失。结论：自体骨髓MNCs移植治疗脊髓损伤近期有一定疗效而且安全,但远期疗效有待于进一步观察。     

Concurrent comparison of the Cobe Spectra and Fenwal CS3000 for the collection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells for autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation.

Hematopoietic stem cells, collected by leukapheresis from peripheral blood, can be used as an alternative to autologous bone marrow transplantation following high-dose chemotherapy as treatment of several malignancies. We compared the ability of the Cobe Spectra and the Fenwal CS3000 to collect peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) for autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Ten patients experienced repeated leukapheresis (10 L blood processed per procedure) using both instruments. Procedures were alternated between the two until a total of 7 x 10(8) MNC/kg was collected. Data from 61 Spectra and 50 CS3000 collections were analyzed. The yield (mean per procedure) of nucleated cells (NC) and MNC was higher (P less than .005) with the Spectra (0.77 x 10(10) NC and 0.54 x 10(10) MNC) than with the CS3000 (0.59 x 10(10) NC and 0.40 x 10(10) MNC). However, colony forming units (CFU-GM) were not different (P greater than .05) for Spectra (0.92 x 10(4)) and Fenwal (0.65 x 10(4) collections. Platelet contamination was lower (P less than .001) with the Spectra (2.2 x 10(11)) than the CS3000 (5.0 x 10(11)). This correlated with a higher patient blood platelet count immediately following Spectra collections (117 x 10(9)/L) versus the CS3000 (86 x 10(9)/L). Using the methods described, the Spectra product contained greater yields of NC and MNC with less platelet contamination than did the CS3000.     

Bacterial contamination of peripheral blood progenitor cells for transplantation

Peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) were obtained from 128 apheresis harvests on 64 patients and were tested in duplicate for microbiological contamination (1) after collection and (2) after thawing, following processing and cryopreservation. In this study we have attempted to improve the monitoring of contamination in peripheral blood progenitor cell collections by identifying exogenous contamination that probably originated from the testing laboratory and is therefore not clinically significant. We found no contamination in 82% of harvests, 1.6% of harvests to be significantly contaminated and organisms were isolated from 16.4% that were assessed as clinically nonsignificant.   Our experience indicates that the choice of microbiological methods will influence the results and their clinical relevance. No samples were positive by direct culture. We recommend that sampling should be performed at more than one stage during the procedure and that initially only the post-thaw samples be analysed. Testing should be performed by enrichment culture in duplicate only and if positive to aid interpretation the post-collection sample should then be cultured.   No patient given nonsignificantly contaminated graft without antibiotic cover suffered infection from the identified organism. The incidence of significant contamination was low and we recommend that in these cases PBPC grafts can be infused safely provided prophylactic antibiotic cover is given.     

TBI和环磷酰胺选择性去除同种异基因反应供者淋巴细胞的研究

本研究用全身照射(TBI)和环磷酰胺(CY)选择性去除同种异基因反应的供者淋巴细胞,为预防移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的发生探索新的手段。以(BALB/c×C57BL/6)F1雌性小鼠(H-2d/b)为受鼠,于第0天接受亚致死量的60Co-γ射线全身照射,总剂量为4Gy,第1天接种P388D1白血病细胞,第2天输注由C57BL/6雄性小鼠(H-2b)为供鼠提供的MHC不匹配的供者脾淋巴细胞,在造血干细胞移植前诱导移植物抗白血病效应(GVL)。第6天腹腔注射环磷酰胺(CY)200mg/kg或再次TBI9Gy,选择性去除同种异基因反应供者淋巴细胞,第7天输注(BALB/c×C57BL/6)F1雄性小鼠(H-2d/b)提供的骨髓造血干细胞。结果显示:以CY和TBI选择性去除同种异基因反应供者淋巴细胞组的小鼠无白血病和GVHD的发生,生存期超过了210天,于移植后第21天出现完全供者嵌合,然后嵌合率下降,第90天表现为混合嵌合体(MC)。对照组的小鼠出现了白血病和GVHD,出血、感染明显,生存期短,为20-36天(P<0.01)。结论:同基因骨髓移植前输注不相匹配的供者脾细胞诱导GVL效应,然后再通过TBI和CY选择性去除同种异基因反应的供者淋巴细胞来预防移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的发生是可能的。     

造血干细胞移植治疗难治性多发性骨髓瘤

背景：近年来,多发性骨髓瘤发病率有所增长,然而治疗相当棘手。造血干细胞移植技术不断改进,新的药物应用于临床,以及移植联合新药治疗,为患者带来新的希望。目的：总结近年来造血干细胞移植及其与新药联用方案治疗难治性多发性骨髓瘤的新进展。方法：应用计算机检索PubMed、ISI平台BP＋Medline数据库及万方、维普数据库1990年1月至2012年4月有关造血干细胞移植及免疫调节剂、蛋白酶体抑制剂联合移植的文献报道,排除陈旧的、内容重复的文章。结果与结论：检索及筛选后保存22篇中英文文献,并对其进行分析,得出造血干细胞移植以及联合新药的治疗策略使得大剂量化疗和自体干细胞移植治疗的效果得到显著改善。移植前加用新药诱导和移植后用新药维持治疗可以延缓进展期,提高总体生存率。异基因造血干细胞移植治疗可以使多发性骨髓瘤患者获得长期的分子生物学缓解并治愈。多种治疗方法的组合及优缺点比较,可更好的为临床医师在实践中根据患者实际情况进行决策,最大程度满足患者的需要。     

人脐血单个核细胞静脉移植联合培哚普利对急性心肌梗死炎症反应的影响

背景：近期报道骨髓间充质干细胞心肌内直接移植联合培哚普利治疗急性心肌梗死大鼠,可改善心肌组织内环境,并增强急性心肌梗死疗效.目的：观察人脐血单个核细胞静脉移植联合血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂培哚普利对家兔急性心肌梗死心肌组织炎症反应与促炎因子白细胞介素6表达及心功能影响,并探讨联合治疗对急性心肌梗死可能的保护机制.方法：人脐血单个核细胞取自健康足月分娩产妇脐血.60只健康家兔制备急性心肌梗死模型,建模成功后随机数字表法均分对照组、培哚普利组、单纯移植组和联合治疗组.每组随机选5只家兔分别于移植后1,2,4周超声心动图检测家兔心功能指标左室射血分数及左室短轴缩短率;苏木精-伊红染色光镜观察心肌病理变化和白细胞计数;免疫组化检测心肌组织白细胞介素6蛋白表达量;荧光显微镜观测绿色荧光蛋白阳性细胞.结果与结论：①与对照组比较,培哚普利组、单纯移植组、联合治疗组治疗后1,2,4周心功能指标左室短轴缩短率及左室射血分数改善（P〈0.05）,单纯移植组高于培哚普利组（P〈0.05）,联合治疗组改善最显著（P〈0.05）.②与对照组比较,培哚普利组、单纯移植组、联合治疗组治疗后1,2,4周心肌组织白细胞计数及白细胞介素6的表达均显著减低（P〈0.05）,且单纯移植组低于培哚普利组（P〈0.05）,联合治疗组最低（P〈0.05）.③联合治疗组、单纯移植组治疗后1,2,4周均可见绿色荧光蛋白阳性细胞散在分布于梗死周边区域,且联合治疗组细胞计数多于单纯移植组（P〈0.05）.说明培哚普利联合人脐血单个核细胞静脉移植治疗急性心肌梗死实验动物,能提高移植细胞在心肌组织内存活率,并进一步改善心功能.其机制可能与联合治疗抑制心肌局部炎症反应及促炎因子白细胞介素6水平表达作用增强有关.