经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术的临床应用──附161例报告

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（PTCA）已广泛应用于冠心病的治疗［’］。我们自1991年一1996年对161例病人进行了IqC．ra治疗，现对其临床疗效进行初步评价。对象和方法l、临床资料19911510月一1996年12月共完成IqCA161例。男性140例，女性ZI例。平均年龄57．IL14．2（36－84）岁。其中稳定性心绞痛86例，不稳定型心绞痛75例。证实至少有1支血管直径＞扣％狭窄ZlyTwx方法按照Gnientrig等操作方法进行。部分全闭血管病人采用双侧冠状动脉顺序造影以显示闭塞血管长度［’］．成功标准：所扩张血管残留狭窄小于50％且无严重并发症。3疗效评价…     

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of coronary artery embolism.

A 35-yr-old woman with known valvular heart disease presented with acute myocardial infarction. Angiography demonstrated a totally occluded distal left anterior descending coronary artery. Though initially successful, angioplasty ultimately failed to maintain arterial patency, leaving a more distal total occlusion after several balloon inflations. In spite of this, PTCA possibly provided a more localized infarction via a peripheral mobilization of the embolus.     

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in multivessel coronary disease patients: short- and long-term follow-up in single and multiple dilatations

Transluminal coronary angioplasty was successfully performed in 658 of 752 patients with multivessel disease. An angiographic success was achieved in 1198 of 1358 lesions (88%). One lesion was attempted in 338 patients (45%); 2 in 273 (37%); 3, in 101 (13%); and, 4 or more in 40 cases (5.3%). Significant complications occurred in 39 patients (5.2%): 19 (2.5%) had a transmural infarction; 26 (3.5%) required urgent myocardial revascularization; and 14 (1.9%) died. An apparent lesion recurrence occurred in 233 of 658 (35%) patients with 162 of 171 (95%) having a successful second coronary angioplasty. A second apparent lesion recurrence occurred in 37 of 162 patients (23%) with 24 of 28 (86%) having a successful third coronary angioplasty. Clinical improvement (mean follow-up: 31 +/- 17 months) persisted in 81% of successful patients. The cumulative probability of survival was 91.5% at 72 months. Survival was adversely affected, at 63 months, by the presence of prior bypass surgery (no prior bypass surgery, 94% vs. prior bypass surgery, 86%; p less than 0.05): at 24 months by a low left ventricular ejection fraction (less than or equal to 35%, 82% vs. left ventricular ejection fraction greater than 35%, 95%; p less than 0.01) and, at 57 months, in the multiple dilatation group with prior bypass surgery (no bypass surgery 96% vs. prior bypass surgery 84%; p less than 0.05). Multiple dilatation had a beneficial effect upon survival, at 27 months, in patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction less than or equal to 35% [single dilatation, 74% vs. multiple dilatation, 93%; p less than 0.001], and in patients greater than or equal to 70 years, at 39 months (79% vs. multiple dilatation, 92%; p less than 0.01). These data suggest that coronary angioplasty can be an effective treatment in patients with multivessel coronary disease without the need to dilate all diseased vessels, with good success, acceptable complication rates, and a reasonable expectation of satisfactory long-term clinical improvement.     

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of a right coronary artery arising from the left main coronary artery

Angioplasty of anomalous coronary arteries presents unique technical challenges. Correct guiding catheter selection is important to ensure adequate access to the anomalous vessel and to provide support to cross the lesion. A case of successful PTCA of a lesion in an anomalous right coronary artery arising from the left main coronary artery is presented. © 1993 Wiiey-Liss, Inc.     

Coronary artery vasomotion after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Substantial evidence of postangioplasty vasoconstriction is available, both at the dilated site and distal to balloon injury, demonstrating its frequent occurrence. It is likely that even mild or moderate vasoconstriction at the site of balloon injury may create flow turbulence, promoting platelet aggregation and contributing to thrombotic vessel closure. The regulation of arterial smooth muscle tone is a complex process and should be distinguished from elastic recoil, which occurs at the site of balloon injury due to passive elastic properties of the artery, generally immediately after balloon deflation. The contribution of a variety of messengers generated by humoral, neurogenic, myogenic, and endothelium-derived factors in this regulatory process has been implicated. The possible mechanisms of post-percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty vasoconstriction at the dilated site (local) and in segments of coronary artery beyond the dilated site (distal) are reviewed in this article.     

冠心病冠状动脉介入治疗前后QT离散度的比较

目的　探讨成功的冠状动脉介入手术 (PTCA及冠状动脉内支架置入术 )对冠心病患者QT离散度 (QTd)的影响。方法　考察 2 5 2例冠心病患者成功进行介入手术前后十二导联同步心电图的结果 ,计算QTd和校正的QT离散度 (QTcd)并进行对比分析。结果　 2 5 2例冠心病患者经PTCA或加支架植入术共处理的病变有 383处 ,除 2 8例外 ,术后QTd缩短明显 ;介入手术前后QTd及QTcd比较有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;血流灌注术后均达到TIMIⅢ级与Ⅱ级 ,两组术前QTcd比较以及术后下降幅度无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;单支与多支病变术前QTcd无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,术后下降幅度则有显著差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　冠心病经成功的介入治疗后QT离散度明显减小 ,QT离散度可作为介入手术后心肌再灌注成功的一个参考指标。     

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty through 4 french diagnostic catheters

The use of 4 French (4F) diagnostic catheters as guiding catheters for coronary angio-plasty using fixed-wire balloons in 2 patients with a stenosis of the right and left anterior descending coronary artery, respectively, is reported.     

老年冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉腔内血管成形术的临床评价

目的评价老年冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉（冠脉）腔内血管成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）的临床疗效。方法将２３６例老年（共２９７支冠脉血管）和３６０例非老年（共４５１支冠脉血管）冠心病患者接受ＰＴＣＡ的结果作对比分析。结果老年患者的冠脉病变特点和发病血管支数与非老年患者差异无显著性;老年组血管扩张病例成功率为９５．４％,随着近年冠脉内支架置入率的增加,主要的ＰＴＣＡ并发症较前降低;以上结果与非老年组比较差异均无显著性。结论对于老年冠心病患者,ＰＴＣＡ是一种有效而安全的冠脉血运重建方法。     

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in a 30-month-old child with embolic long segment occlusion of the left anterior descending artery

A 30-mo-old girl developed occlusion of her left anterior descending coronary artery following mitral valve replacement. She presented with refractory angina pectoris. Successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of the left anterior descending artery was performed, resulting in restoration of flow, resolution of anginal symptoms, and early improvement in left ventricular function. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 44:206-209, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Death from coronary air embolism during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

A patient undergoing percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of a critical proximal stenosis of his anterior descending coronary artery died as a result of coronary air embolism from a defective dilatation catheter. The probable mechanism responsible for this lethal complication is discussed. Simple precautions are described that will prevent its future occurrence.     

Activated clotting times in acute coronary syndromes and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

A discrete fall in the ACT (activated coagulation time) has been observed in patients with known activation of the coagulation cascade. Injury to the coronary artery resulting in thrombin activation, whether spontaneous as in the case of acute myocardial infarction or planned as with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), may there-fore be reflected in a change in ACT values. We reviewed the records of patients under-going PTCA at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital/Texas Heart Institute from January 1990 through December 1992 for information regarding ACT values and clinical events. A total of 469 patients, whose record contained adequate information for study inclusion, were divided into four separate groups: acute myocardial infarction (group I, n = 62), unstable angina with heparin therapy that was withdrawn at least 4 hr prior to PTCA (group II, n = 102), unstable angina with heparin therapy continued until the time of PTCA (group III, n = 154), and stable angina undergoing elective PTCA (group IV, n = 151). Heparin was discontinued 12–15 hr after the procedure in all but group I where anticoagulation was often maintained up to 72 hr. ACT values were measured prior to the PTCA procedure (baseline), after the initial heparin bolus of 10,000 U (postheparin) and ～ 12–18 hr after the procedure (heparin withdrawal). The “baseline” ACT was significantly lower in patients with unstable angina (93 ± 13 sec) or acute myocardial infarction (78 ± 9 sec) who had their baseline value obtained off of heparin therapy than in patients with stable angina (136 ± 21 sec) or those receiving heparin at the time of baseline measurement (135 ± 14 sec, P < 0.001). All patients with unstable coronary syndromes had a blunted response to heparin (group 1–189 sec, group II-221 sec, group III-248 sec). Although groups I-III were not significantly different compared to one another, each was significantly lower than group IV whose past heparin ACT was 279 sec. Heparin withdrawal ACT values fell within the ranges seen in patients with unstable coronary syndromes untreated with heparin in all but group I (whose heparin therapy was continued through the time of the 12–18-hr postprocedure measurement time). Recurrent ischemic events were seen with increased frequency (16.6%) only in patients with unstable angina whose heparin therapy was interrupted prior to PTCA. In conclusion, low baseline ACT values and a blunted ACT response to heparin are associated with clinical syndromes known to result from thrombus formation. The possibility that the ACT may be of value in reflecting thrombus activity requires prospective evaluation.     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术及再狭窄对QT离散度的影响

目的观察经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）对ＱＴ离散度（ＱＴｄ）的影响及ＰＴＣＡ术后再狭窄时ＱＴｄ的变化。探讨ＱＴｄ在预测再狭窄中的意义。方法将３０例临床拟诊ＰＴＣＡ术后再狭窄的患者根据第二次冠状动脉造影（冠造）的结果分为再狭窄组（１９例）及非再狭窄组（１１例）。对两组患者第一次ＰＴＣＡ术前后、第二次ＰＴＣＡ（或冠造）术前后的同步１２导联心电图同时进行ＱＴｄ（ＱＴｄ＝最大ＱＴ间期－最小ＱＴ间期）及校正的ＱＴ离散度（ＱＴｃｄ）的测定。结果　两组患者第一次ＰＴＣＡ术后ＱＴｄ及ＱＴｃｄ均较术前显著减小（Ｐ＜０．００５）。再狭窄组第二次ＰＴＣＡ术前ＱＴｃｄ（７０．９±１７．１）ｍｓ又恢复至第一次ＰＴＣＡ术前（７３．５±１７．２）ｍｓ的水平,且显著大于（Ｐ＜０．００１）第一次ＰＴＣＡ术后（３５．２±８．９）ｍｓ及第二次ＰＴＣＡ术后（３４．５±９．３）ｍｓ的水平。非再狭窄组第二次冠造前ＱＴｃｄ（３０．７±８．５）ｍｓ与第一次ＰＴＣＡ术后（２９．３±８．１）ｍｓ比较无显著变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）,仍显著小于（Ｐ＜０．００５）第一次ＰＴＣＡ术前（６９．６±１２．７）ｍｓ。结论ＰＴＣＡ术可降低冠心病患者ＱＴ离散度,再狭窄时ＱＴ离     

Diffuse embolization following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of occluded vein grafts: the blush phenomenon.

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was performed on 146 saphenous vein grafts in 116 patients. In 29 patients, 31 grafts were totally occluded. Myocardial staining lasting over 5 minutes--"the blush phenomenon"--followed the opening of the occluded grafts in 9 of these patients. In 5 of these 9, enzyme release suggested infarction. A sixth patient died within a few hours of PTCA, with suspected infarction. Autopsy demonstrated diffuse and extensive distal coronary arterial embolization of grumous material, including cholesterol crystals, platelets, and fibrin. The blush phenomenon was not seen following PTCA in the remaining 20 patients with total occlusions, nor in any of the 87 patients with stenosed grafts. We have not observed the blush phenomenon following PTCA of more than 3300 coronary arteries. Of the 9 patients demonstrating the blush phenomenon, 6 had a recent history of myocardial infarction or unstable angina pectoris, compared with 4 of the remaining 20 patients with occluded grafts. We now approach occluded grafts with injection of intragraft thrombolytic agents or with atherectomy prior to PTCA. Future approaches may include atherectomy or laser angioplasty.     

Report: Association of coronary artery disease and valvular heart disease in chile

This study analyzes the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) among patients with rheumatic valvular heart disease (VHD) in Chile. Coronary angiography was performed in all patients referred to cardiac catheterization with VHD who were over age 50 years and who had angina or ECG signs of ischemia. A total of 100 patients entered the study. Significant CAD (greater than 50% obstruction) was found in 14% of the cases: 7% in patients with mitral valve disease (MVD), 18% in aortic valve disease (AVD), and 21% in combined mitral and aortic valve disease (MAVD). Angina was present in 14% of the patients with MVD, 63% with AVD, and 53% with MAVD. Only 57% of patients with CAD had angina pectoris; 20% with angina had CAD. Hemodynamic parameters and left ventricular ejection fraction were not correlated with the presence or absence of CAD. We conclude that in patients with valvular heart disease, the incidence of CAD is lower in Chile than previously reported in the English literature. We confirmed the fact that angina is often not associated with CAD, and that CAD is often present in the absence of angina.     

Early and late morphologic changes in human coronary arteries after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Certain clinical and morphologic observations are described in 6 men who had percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of the left anterior descending (LAD) or right (R) coronary artery early (4 hours to 7 days) or late (80, 90, and 150 days) before coronary endarterectomy and aortocoronary bypass grafting or death. Histologically, each of the 3 early patients had the site of PTCA narrowed 76–95% in cross-sectional area by atherosclerotic plaque, and each had either coronary dissection or plaque hematoma or both at the site of PTCA. Each of the 3 late patients had a decrease in the mean trans-stenotic coronary gradient (17, 38, and 43 mmHg, respectively) and an angiographic increase in the LAD luminal diameter (55, 60, and 65%, respectively) at the time of PTCA. At necropsy, 80, 90, and 150 days later, the LAD coronary artery in the area of the PTCA in each patient was narrowed 76–95% in cross-sectional area by plaques. No cracks in plaques or other lesions which may have resulted from the PTCA procedure were identified histologically in the LAD coronary artery of any late patient.     

反复急性冠状动脉栓塞致心肌梗死一例

<正>1病例资料患者女性,57岁。因"突发胸痛2 h"于2008年8月16日入院。患者胸痛发作时正在步行上坡,胸痛部位位于前胸偏右侧,呈持续性胀痛,伴气短、心悸。既往史:30年前开始无诱因出现阵发性心悸、气短,左前胸点状疼痛,含服硝酸异     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of radial artery grafts

The radial artery is being used with increasing frequency to replace the saphenous vein as a coronary artery bypass graft, in the belief that it will provide improved long-term patency. Several centers have confirmed that the early results of surgery using the radial artery seem to be better than those obtained with saphenous grafts. Despite these apparent gains, early failure of the radial artery graft can occur and is frequently associated with symptomatic myocardial ischemia. Percutaneous angioplasty is an alternative to reoperation to treat lesions occurring on radial artery grafts. We report on 4 patients who underwent angioplasty of radial artery grafts. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 45:400–404, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with prior coronary artery bypass grafting: ten years' experience

We evaluated the acute and long-term results of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in 140 patients with prior coronary artery bypass grafting treated over a 10-year period (1981–1991). Angioplasty was technically successful in 85% of 122 nonoccluded native vessels and in 86% of 50 saphenous vein grafts. Two patients (1.4%) had a myocardial infarction and there were three procedure-related deaths (2.1%). The cumulative probability of survival was 91.5% and 74.5% at 1 and 5 years, respectively. Survival free from myocardial infarction and repeat bypass grafting at 1 and 5 years was 77.3% and 53.9%, respectively. At census, 31% of the 117 survivors were asymptomatic, and 47% were improved by at least two angina grades. Coronary angioplasty provides an apparently safe and effective alternative method of revascularization in selected patients with prior coronary artery bypass grafting. This treatment strategy potentially avoids reoperation with its attendant risks. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Clinical success after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty failure for unstable angina

We report a patient who had an asymptomatic total occlusion of a left anterior descending coronary artery after PTCA for unstable angina. A clinical success with a negative maximal exercise test and absence of symptoms after PTCA can not be presumed to correlate with coronary patency.     

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of anomalous right coronary artery

Coronary angioplasty of tortuous anomalous coronary arteries can be technically challenging. We describe a successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of an anomalous right coronary artery after a failed previous attempt. The anatomic limitations of anomalous right coronary arteries and technical considerations for PTCA are discussed.