“对位对线”补片放置法在腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术中应用：单中心120例分析

背景与目的 腹腔镜下食管裂孔疝（HH）补片修补术以创伤小、恢复快、并发症少等优势已成为治疗HH的主要手术方法。腹腔镜下的补片放置及固定技术仍然是一个难点。本研究介绍一种新式的HH补片放置方法并探讨其临床应用效果。方法 回顾性分析2019年1月—2020年12月中山大学附属第六医院疝和腹壁外科收治的120例行腹腔镜HH补片修补术患者的临床资料。入组患者均采用“对位对线”的补片放置方法。结果 全组患者的平均手术时间为（112±27）min，术后平均住院时间为（4.5±2.2）d，围手术期无死亡病例。手术后早期并发症包括吞咽困难7例，其中5例2周后缓解，2例手术后4周仍诉有吞咽困难，予以胃镜下行球囊扩张治疗后症状可缓解；手术后尿潴留2例，予以留置尿管对症处理后症状缓解；术后腹腔出血1例，予以急诊行腹腔镜探查止血；术后肠梗阻2例，予以保守治疗后痊愈。随访中位时间为26个月，其中14例（11.7%）失访。随访患者中有5例诉临床症状与手术前相比未得到明显改善，其余患者诉临床症状得到完全改善或部分改善。所有随访病例均无确切依据的解剖学复发。所有随访病例未发现补片相关并发症如补片移位、感染、补片侵蚀食管以及大血管等。结论 腹腔镜HH补片修补术中采用“对位对线”的补片放置方法是安全有效的，此方法操作简单容易实施，便于临床推广使用。     

腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术并发症的预防

目的探讨使用腹腔镜行食管裂孔疝修补术的疗效和安全性。减少手术并发症,随访腹腔镜治疗食道裂孔疝的效果。方法对280例食管裂孔疝患者使用腹腔镜行食管裂孔疝修补术,其中132例做胃底270°部分折叠术（Toupet术）,148例做胃底360°折叠术（Nissen术）。36例应用补片修补疝缺口,剩余患者采用直接缝合。结果 280例腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术全部获得成功。手术时间30～190min,平均手术时间110min,失血10～50ml;术后24～48h进流质饮食,无术后并发症;术后平均住院5.7d。结论腹腔镜食道裂孔疝修补术具有疗效确定、安全和创伤小的优点。并发症率极低。     

腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术联合胃底折叠术对胃食管反流病合并食管裂孔疝患者抗反流效果及生活质量的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术联合胃底折叠术对胃食管反流病（gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD）合并食管裂孔疝（hiatus hernia,HH）患者抗反流效果及生活质量的影响。 方法选取新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院消化科住院部自2015年3月至2017年8月收治的78例GERD合并HH患者为研究对象,分为2组。观察组行腹腔镜HH修补术联合胃底折叠术（42例）,对照组行传统开腹术（36例）。随访观察2组患者手术情况、不良反应发生情况以及RDQ和GLQI评分。 结果观察组患者术中出血量和手术时间、术后住院时间、胃肠道功能恢复时间均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。术后3及6个月随访中,观察组的RDQ评分低于对照组,GLQI评分高于对照组（P<0.05）,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组术后不良反应发生率为7.14%,对照组术后不良反应发生率为16.67%,但2组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论对于GERD合并HH患者,采用腹腔镜HH修补术联合胃底折叠术的手术方案,手术情况及抗反流效果更好,患者生活质量更高。     

腹腔镜疝修补手术222例经验

目的 探讨腹腔镜疝修补手术的方法和优缺点。方法1995年6月至2005年6月，对我院收治的222例腹部各类型疝进行了腹腔镜疝修补手术，手术方法包括腹腔镜疝环高位结扎术21例．经腹腔腹膜前补片腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术（TAPP）166例，完全腹膜外补片腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术（TEP）25例．腹腔镜腹壁切口疝修补术2例、腹腔镜膈疝修补术1例、腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补胃底折叠术6例、腹腔镜小肠系膜裂孔疝修补术1例。其中45例患者同时进行了其他疾病的腹腔镜手术。结果手术均顺利，无中转开腹。手术时间42．5min[（10～180）min]，术后平均4．6d出院。仅1例直疝TAPP术后半年复发。结论腹腔镜疝修补术是一种安全而有效的疝修补方法，具有术后复发率和并发症发生率低的优点，适于绝大部分腹部疝疾病的治疗。     

机器人辅助食管裂孔疝手术临床应用进展

机器人食管裂孔疝(HH)修补术的优势在于操作精准度高、病人住院时间缩短、术后复发率低,随访期间有满意的生活质量和影像学结果.由于现阶段机器人设备昂贵、手术费用高,导致其与腹腔镜手术相比优势不够显著,在手术时间、再入院率、急性并发症发生率和病死率等方面差异无统计学意义.因此,部分研究结果认为在原发性HH和抗反流手术中使用...     

腹腔镜下胃底Nissen折叠术式治疗的食管裂孔疝临床应用

目的探讨使用腹腔镜行食管裂孔疝修补术的安全性和疗效评价。方法对38例食管裂孔疝患者使用腹腔镜行食管裂孔疝修补术,做胃底360°折叠术(Nissen术),9例应用补片修补疝缺口,29例采用7号丝线缝合。结果38例腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术全部获得成功。手术时间30～190min,平均手术时间110min,失血10～50ml;术后24～48h进流质饮食,无术后并发症;术后平均住院5.7d。结论腹腔镜下胃底Nissen折叠术式具有疗效好、安全和创伤小的优点。值得进一步推广应用。     

腹腔镜与开放腹股沟疝修补术术后并发症的临床研究

目的:对比分析腹腔镜与开放腹股沟疝无张力修补术术后并发症发生率,总结术后并发症的发生原因与处理措施。方法:回顾分析2011年9月至2012年9月为491例腹股沟疝患者行疝修补术的临床资料,将患者分为开放组与腹腔镜全腹膜外(total extraperitoneal,TEP)修补术组(TEP组),分别统计术后并发症情况。结果:开放组术后11例发生并发症,发生率5.58%,其中手术操作区及阴囊浆液肿3例、尿潴留3例、切口感染2例、腹股沟区异物感3例;腹腔镜组术后发生4例并发症,发生率1.36%,其中手术操作区及阴囊浆液肿2例、尿潴留1例、腹股沟区异物感1例,两组总并发症发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜无张力疝修补术术后并发症发生率更低,是安全、有效的疝修补术式。但腹腔镜手术因需CO2气腹,并存在一定的学习曲线,因此需根据患者自身情况、疝的类型等慎重选择手术方式。     

腹腔镜手术治疗食管裂孔疝的42体会

目的探讨使用腹腔镜行食管裂孔疝修补术的疗效和安全性。方法对42例食管裂孔疝患者行腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术,其中32例行胃底360°折叠术(Nissen术),10例行胃底270°部分折叠术(Toupet术)。39例采用4号丝线缝合修补疝缺口,3例应用补片修补疝缺口。结果42例腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术全部成功。手术时间平均(138±22)min,失血平均(62±16)ml;无术后并发症;术后平均住院(5.2±1.9)d。术后症状完全消失32例(76%),好转10例(24%)。结论腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术具有疗效确定、安全和创伤小的优点,值得进一步推广应用。     

切口疝腹腔镜IPOM修补七步法操作指南（2022版）

切口疝修补手术近年来逐步得到推广，多年来的经验及临床研究显示腹腔镜下腹腔内网片修补术（IPOM）能有效关闭缺损、减少复发，是治疗切口疝的理想方法。规范化腹腔镜下切口疝的IPOM修补术操作势在必行。本团队经过多年培训实践及临床对比研究，发现七步法遵循学习规律、适合操作者掌握，同时可减少手术并发症。因此，广东省医师协会疝与腹壁外科医师分会组织编写了第1版《切口疝腹腔镜IPOM修补七步法操作指南》，旨在针对疝和腹壁外科领域腹腔镜切口疝IPOM修补手术操作进行规范化和标准化，为疝和腹壁外科医生们规范修补操作、缩短学习曲线、减少术后并发症提供帮助。     

食管裂孔疝致胃食管反流病合并腹股沟疝患者的外科治疗

目的:探讨食管裂孔疝致胃食管反流病合并腹股沟疝患者的围手术期处理及其安全性。方法:回顾分析2012年10月至2015年10月收治的13例食管裂孔疝致胃食管反流病合并腹股沟疝(15侧)患者的临床资料。均行腹腔镜手术,其中9例行腹腔镜全腹膜外疝修补术,4例行经腹腹膜前疝修补术;9例行单纯食管裂孔疝缝合,2例采用生物补片修补,1例采用强生PHY补片修补,1例行单纯胃底固定。抗反流术式包括Nissen胃底折叠术6例,Dor胃底折叠术4例,Toupet胃底折叠术2例。回顾总结患者的围手术期处理措施。结果:本组患者均无围手术期死亡,术后无严重并发症发生,其中术后切口感染1例,阴囊水肿1例,予以换药、理疗后好转。2例患者术后出现进食哽噎,嘱其少量多餐、细嚼慢咽,1个月后症状消失。合并贫血患者术后血红蛋白恢复至95 g/L,术后中位随访时间为10个月,无复发病例。结论:食管裂孔疝致胃食管反流病合并腹股沟疝患者病情较复杂,手术风险大,难度高,但只要做好充分的术前准备,采用恰当的手术方式,术中谨慎、细致操作,针对性的处理术后出现的各种问题,手术是安全、可行的。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.     

Intraoperative autotransfusion is associated with modest reduction of allogeneic transfusion in prosthetic hip surgery

Background: The efficacy of intraoperative salvage and washing of wound blood and the predictors of allogeneic red cell transfusions in prosthetic hip surgery are insufficiently known.
Methods: In 96 patients, undergoing primary or revision surgery, salvaged and washed red cells and, if necessary, allogeneic blood were used to keep haematocrit not lower than 33%. The bleeding of red cells during hospital stay was calculated from the red cell balance. The preoperative red cell reserve (millilitres of red cells in excess of a haematocrit of 33%) was estimated and the difference between this volume and the total bleeding of red cells was retrospectively used to classify patients with regard to the need for red cells. Stepwise regression analysis was used to define patient-related variables associated with allogeneic blood transfusion.
Results: Preoperative knowledge of the type of operation (primary, revision), the preoperative red cell reserve, and the body mass could predict roughly half of the need for banked blood (r²=0.45). Only one-third of the total bleeding of red cells was retransfused. For complete avoidance of allogeneic blood, autotransfusion was most effective in patients with a moderate need (0–4 u). However, 32% of such patients required allogeneic blood.
Conclusions: Autotransfusion has a limited efficacy to decrease the need for allogeneic blood, and other blood-saving methods should be added for this purpose. It is difficult to predict the need for allogeneic blood preoperatively.     

缺氧对肾小管上皮细胞分泌外泌体的影响

目的    观察缺氧对肾小管上皮细胞分泌外泌体的影响,探讨外泌体在缺氧致肾脏损伤中的作用及机制。 方法    （1）常氧（21% O₂）及缺氧（1% O₂）分别处理大鼠肾小管上皮细胞（NRK-52E）48 h,收集细胞上清液并使用高速梯度离心法分离外泌体。采用透射电镜、纳米示踪分析、Western印迹、蛋白浓度定量鉴定并比较两组外泌体的基本特性。（2）在共培养实验中,以不同浓度（1、10、50、100、300 mg/L）的常氧外泌体、缺氧外泌体分别干预脂多糖（LPS）诱导的大鼠原代腹腔巨噬细胞,使用实时荧光定量PCR与酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法分别检测巨噬细胞白细胞介素6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、诱导型氮氧化物合酶（iNOS）水平;使用Western印迹法检测巨噬细胞磷酸化（p）STAT/STAT及细胞因子信号传导抑制蛋白1（SOCS1）的蛋白表达;最后,使用实时荧光定量PCR法检测常氧外泌体与缺氧外泌体中炎性反应相关微RNA（microRNA,miR）的表达差异。 结果    （1）离心得到的囊泡具有外泌体典型的结构,粒径小于150 nm,表达外泌体标志蛋白CD63,说明分离得到外泌体。缺氧对肾小管上皮细胞分泌的外泌体形态、粒径分布比例无明显影响,但提高了外泌体的分泌量。（2）缺氧外泌体相比于常氧外泌体促进了LPS诱导的M1型巨噬细胞IL-6、TNF-α、iNOS 的表达和分泌（均P＜0.01）,同时提高STAT的磷酸化水平并减少SOCS1的蛋白表达（均P＜0.01）;对炎性反应相关microRNA检测发现缺氧外泌体中miR-155、miR-27a表达量较常氧外泌体明显升高（P＜0.05）。 结论    缺氧可改变外泌体的生物学功能,表现为协同促进LPS诱导的M1型巨噬细胞的表型转化,这可能是慢性肾脏病微炎性反应状态持续的原因之一。     

In Vitro Function and Durability Assessment of a Novel Polyurethane Heart Valve Prosthesis

Abstract While flexible-leaflet, central-flow prosthetic heart valves promise relief from anticoagulation therapy, they continue to be restricted by inadequate durability. In consequence, a novel trileaflet valve, made entirely from polyurethane, has been developed. A batch of 6 consecutively manufactured polyurethane valves was subjected to hydrodynamic function and accelerated fatigue testing. Computerized data acquisition and control systems have been introduced to improve valve testing methodologies. In terms of hydrodynamic function, the polyurethane valve demonstrates transvalvular pressure gradients similar to those for a bioprosthetic valve (Carpentier-Edwards) and levels of retrograde flow significantly less than those for either the bioprosthetic valve or a bileaflet mechanical valve (St Jude Medical). The equivalent of 10 years of cycling without failure has been exceeded by all 6 polyurethane valves in accelerated fatigue tests with 2 valves remaining intact after 674 million cycles (equivalent to approximately 17 years) in continuing tests. Highspeed photography revealed considerable differences in leaflet motion between valves cycled at accelerated and physiological rates.     

Negative pressure ventilation vs. spontaneous assisted ventilation during rigid bronchoscopy: A controlled randomised trial

Background: Ventilation during interventional rigid bronchoscopy (IRB) under general anaesthesia (jet ventilation, positive pressure ventilation and spontaneous assisted ventilation) may offer some difficulties. This study compares the effectiveness during IRB of intermittent negative pressure ventilation (INPV) and spontaneous assisted ventilation (SAV). Methods: Thirty-eight patients submitted to IRB were randomised into two groups: SAV or INPV. All patients received a total intravenous anaesthesia; INPV patients were paralysed. Pre-and intra-operative arterial blood gases and O₂ flow through a rigid bronchoscope were assessed. The endoscopist applying a subjective score evaluated the operating conditions. Results: Patients of the INPV group, as compared to the SAV group, required a lower dosage of fentanyl (2.6 ± 1.8 (μg · kg^?1· h^?1 vs. 6.6 ± 4.8 μg · kg^?1· h^?1), a lower O₂ supply (3.3 ± 2.8 1/min vs. 11.6 ± 3.4 1/min), a shorter recovery time (5.4 ± 2.9 min vs. 9.8 ± 7.1 min) and no manually assisted ventilation (0 ± 0 vs. 1 ± 1.1 nd?/procedure). Intraoperative PaCO₂ was higher in the SAV (8.1 ± 1.3 kPa) than in the INPV group (5.0 ± 1.6 kPa) and intraoperative pH differed in the two groups (7.26 ± 0.05, SAV vs. 7.47 ± 0.08, INPV). Operating conditions, as assessed by a subjective score, were considered better with INPV than with SAV (4.9 vs. 4.3). Conclusions: As compared to SAV, INPV in paralysed patients during IRB reduces administration of opioids, shortens recovery time, prevents respiratory acidosis, excludes the need for manually assisted ventilation, reduces 02 need and affords optimal surgical conditions. INPV appears a safe, non-invasive and effective ventilatory management during IRB.