多灶甲状腺微小乳头状癌的临床特征分析

目的:探讨多灶甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)的临床病理特征。方法:回顾性分析2013年5月—2016年4月297例手术治疗并经病理证实的PTMC患者临床资料。结果:297例PTMC患者中,多灶PTMC 70例(23.6%)。与单灶PTMC患者比较,多灶PTMC患者肿瘤直径小(0.54 cm vs.0.69 cm)、包膜侵犯率高(18.6%vs.8.8%)、行甲状腺全切比例高(87.1%vs.41.4%),差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。癌灶数≥3多灶PTMC患者与癌灶数=2的PTMC患者比较,前者合并双侧癌的比例增高(88.2%vs.44.4%)、中央区淋巴结转移的比例增高(47.1%vs.22.2%),差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:多灶PTMC的病灶更为微小且更易出现包膜侵犯;多灶PTMC的病灶数越多合并双侧癌和中央区淋巴结转移的风险就越大;多灶PTMC应常规行预防性中央区淋巴结清扫。     

甲状腺微小乳头状癌中央区淋巴结转移的危险因素分析

探讨甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)颈部中央区淋巴结转移的危险因素。回顾分析手术治疗的56例甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者的临床病理资料,分析中央区淋巴结转移的危险因素。结果显示,患者中央区淋巴结转移率为57.1%(32/56),单因素和多因素分析发现,性别、年龄、肿瘤直径、多灶性、包膜侵犯是淋巴结转移的危险因素(P0.05),肿瘤位置、是否合并桥本甲状腺炎与中央区淋巴结转移无关(P0.05)。结果表明,对于有高危因素的甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者应行预防性中央区淋巴结清扫。     

甲状腺微小乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移的危险因素分析

目的:探讨甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)颈部淋巴结转移的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析贵州医科大学附属医院甲状腺外科2014年1月—2016年3月收治的169例PTMC患者临床病理资料。结果:169例患者均行预防性中央区淋巴结清扫,其中54例(32.0%)发生中央区淋巴结转移,单因素分析发现中央区淋巴结转移与年龄45岁、多灶性肿瘤、侵出包膜有关(均P0.05),多因素分析显示,年龄、多灶性肿瘤、侵出包膜都是中央区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素(均P0.05)。30例行中央区淋巴结加侧颈区淋巴结清扫,其中18例(10.7%)发生侧颈区淋巴结转移,单因素分析显示,肿瘤最大径、侵出包膜、多灶性肿瘤、中央区淋巴结转移与侧颈区淋巴结转移有关(均P0.05),多因素分析显示,肿瘤侵出包膜为侧颈区淋巴结转移的高危因素(P0.05);11例(6.5%)发生中央区并侧颈区淋巴结转移,侵出包膜、多灶性肿瘤为中央区并侧颈区淋巴结共同发生转移的高危因素(均P0.05)。高分辨率颈部淋巴结B超对中央区淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异度分别为14.8%、96.5%,其对侧颈区淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异度分别为94.4%、83.3%。结论:年龄45岁、多灶性肿瘤、侵出包膜是PTMC颈部淋巴结转移的危险因素。高分辨率颈部淋巴结B超可以作为甲状腺癌颈部淋巴结转移术前评估的重要手段。     

cN0期甲状腺乳头状微小癌中央区淋巴结隐性转移危险因素

目的:探讨cN_0期甲状腺乳头状微小癌(PTMC)的临床特点及中央区淋巴结隐性转移的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析372例行甲状腺切除术及预防性中央区淋巴结清扫cN_0期甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)患者临床资料,将其中250例PTMC患者(肿瘤直径≤1.0 cm)作为研究组,122例普通PTC患者(肿瘤直径1.0-2.0 cm)作为对照组,通过比较两组患者临床病理及影像学资料,分析PTMC的临床特点及中央区淋巴结隐性转移的危险因素。结果:研究组与对照组中央区颈部淋巴结转移率分别为32.8%(82/250)和42.6%(52/122),差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。单因素分析显示,研究组中央淋巴结转移与肿瘤大小、多灶性肿瘤、包膜侵润有关(均P0.05),而与结节的超声特征及其他因素无关(均P0.05);对照组中央淋巴结转移与各研究因素均无明显关系(均P0.05)。多因素分析发现,肿瘤大小(OR=2.916,95%CI=1.19-4.37)、多灶性肿瘤(OR=1.230,95%CI=0.68-2.75)、包膜侵润(OR=1.923,95%CI=1.06-3.70)是PTMC中央区淋巴结转移的危险因素(均P0.05)。结论:cN_0期PTMC中央区淋巴结转移率与普通PTC相似,肿瘤大小、多灶性肿瘤、包膜侵润是cN_0期PTMC淋巴结转移的危险因素。     

颈淋巴结阴性的甲状腺乳头状癌中央区淋巴结清扫的临床意义

目的:研究中央区淋巴结清扫在c N0甲状腺乳头状癌治疗中的意义。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月-2014年6月间收治的83例c N0甲状腺乳头状癌患者的临床资料,对中央区淋巴结转移的单因素和转移率进行统计分析。结果:83例c N0甲状腺乳头状癌患者的中央区淋巴结转移率为48.2%,中央区淋巴结转移与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤多灶性、肿瘤大小及是否侵犯甲状腺包膜有关(P0.05)。结论:c N0甲状腺乳头状癌患者的中央区淋巴结转移率较高,中央区淋巴结清扫术在减少肿瘤复发、改善存活率、降低颈侧区淋巴结转移率、肿瘤准确临床分期、制定术后综合治疗方案和判断。     

多灶性甲状腺乳头状癌的临床病理及颈淋巴结转移特征

目的:探讨多灶性甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)的临床病理及颈淋巴结转移特征。方法:回顾性分析2016年6月—2016年10月于郑州大学第一附属医院甲状腺外科行手术治疗并经术后病理证实的323例PTC患者的临床资料,其中多灶性PTC患者148例,单灶性PTC患者175例。结果:多灶性PTC患者与单灶性PTC患者间性别、年龄、癌灶最大径差异无统计学意义(均P0.05),但前者更易发生颈部中央区淋巴结转移(P0.001)、颈侧区淋巴结转移(P=0.028)及腺外浸润(P0.001);多灶性PTC患者中,癌灶数≥3的患者中央区淋巴结转移率(P=0.010)、侧区淋巴结转移率(P=0.018)及腺外浸润的发生率(P=0.020)明显高于癌灶数=2的患者;多因素分析显示,癌灶最大径(P=0.005)及癌灶数量(P=0.006)为多灶性PTC中央区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结论:多灶性PTC较单灶性PTC侵袭性强,更易发生转移、浸润,建议选择全甲状腺切除加中央区淋巴结清扫作为标准化手术方式,颈侧区存在可疑肿大淋巴结者应积极行颈侧区淋巴结清扫术。     

甲状腺乳头状微癌Ⅵ区淋巴结转移相关因素分析

目的 寻找临床颈侧区淋巴结阴性(cN0)甲状腺乳头状微癌(PTMC)患者Ⅵ区淋巴结转移的风险因素.方法 回顾分析2005年11月至2007年1月初治的86例颈侧区cN0 PTMC患者的资料,探讨与PTMC Ⅵ区淋巴结转移相关的临床病理因素.结果 86例PTMC患者中Ⅵ区淋巴结转移率为46.5%(40/86).单因素分析发现肿瘤最大径(≥5 mm)、甲状腺包膜或包膜外侵犯、Ⅵ区淋巴结最大径(≥4 mm)与PTMC Ⅵ Lg淋巴结转移显著相关(P<0.05);logistic回归模型多因素分析发现仅肿瘤最大径(35mm)、甲状腺包膜或包膜外侵犯为PTMC VI区淋巴结转移的独立预测因子(P<0.05).结论 颈侧区cNO的PTMC中原发灶大小(≥5 mm)、甲状腺包膜或包膜外侵犯与肿瘤VIIX淋巴结转移显著相关.对于病理证实的PTMC,特别对于肿瘤最大径≥5 nun或者病灶位于浅表与周围组织粘连甚至侵犯者需常规行Ⅵ区淋巴结清扫.     

300例cN0甲状腺微小乳头状癌的随访研究

目的探讨中央区淋巴结清扫对临床无淋巴结转移(cN0)的甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)患者预后的影响。方法根据纳入和排除标准回顾性搜集2007年1月1日至2016年5月31日期间在中山市人民医院普外二科行手术治疗的cN0 PTMC患者300例,根据其是否实施了中央区淋巴结清扫分为未清扫组(147例)和清扫组(153例)2组,分析2组患者在术后并发症发生率、复发率、转移率等方面的差异,并且分析影响cN0 PTMC中央区淋巴结转移的危险因素。结果所有患者术后均无淋巴漏及手术死亡发生。清扫组术后病理检查结果见中央区淋巴结转移59例(38.6%)。未清扫组随访(83.0±20.7)个月,清扫组随访(79.5±26.2)个月(t=1.283,P=0.203)。随访期间,2组均无骨转移、肺转移等远处转移发生;未清扫组有5例复发,清扫组有1例复发,2组患者复发率比较差异无统计学意义(χ^2=3.008,P=0.089);2组患者无病生存曲线比较差异无统计学意义(χ^2=2.565,P=0.109)。清扫组患者的包膜侵犯率(P=0.026)、钙化率(P<0.001)、术后并发症声音嘶哑发病率(P=0.013)、手足麻木发病率(P<0.001)均明显高于未清扫组。多因素分析结果显示,多灶(OR=24.57,P<0.001)、肿瘤直径>5 mm(OR=5.46,P=0.019)及包膜侵犯(OR=9.42,P=0.002)是影响cN0 PTMC中央区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结论从本研究结果看,单纯甲状腺切除治疗cN0 PTMC是安全的,但对于中央区淋巴结的变化仍需要更长期的随访。对肿瘤直径>5 mm、多灶、有包膜侵犯的cN0 PTMC患者较易发生中央区淋巴结转移,可根据患者病情进行综合评估,施行个体化的精确治疗,而不能将所有患者按照统一模式进行治疗。     

合并桥本甲状腺炎的甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者中央区淋巴结转移危险因素分析

目的:探讨合并桥本甲状腺炎(HT)的甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)患者中央区淋巴结转移(CLNM)的危险因素,并制定合理的淋巴结清扫范围。方法:回顾性分析2018年9月—2021年9月内蒙古自治区人民医院收治的448例PTMC患者病历资料,其中男94例,女354例,男女比例为1.00∶3.77,年龄21~82岁,平均(46.9±11.0)岁。按照是否合并桥本甲状腺炎(HT)分为HT-PTMC组(n=142)和非HT-PTMC组(n=306)。采用单因素分析和多因素分析方法探究患者性别、年龄、肿瘤直径、病灶数目(单灶/多灶)、是否有包膜侵犯、气管前/气管旁淋巴结、喉前淋巴结、侧颈淋巴结转移情况等临床病理特征是否与中央区淋巴结转移相关,使用SPSS20.0软件进行统计分析并建立Logistic回归方程,采用该数学模型评估诊疗预测价值。结果:HT-PTMC组与非HT-PTMC组在年龄、性别、喉前淋巴结和侧颈部淋巴结是否转移方面,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);单因素分析结果显示肿瘤直径、病灶数目、包膜侵犯、钙化、侧颈淋巴结转移与HT-PTMC患者CLNM具有相关性(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示肿瘤直径增大和包膜侵犯是CLNM的独立危险因素(P<0.05);根据上述独立危险因素建立Logistic回归数学模型:(Y=-1.974+0.191×肿瘤直径+1.139×包膜侵犯)对预测HT-PTMC患者CLNM的ROC曲线下面积为0.669(95%CI:0.571~0.766),当取约登指数最大时,预测的灵敏度为0.460,特异度为0.859。结论:合并HT的PTMC患者,术前有证据显示肿瘤直径增大或包膜侵犯,中央区淋巴结转移风险增高,推荐预防性中央区淋巴结清扫。     

甲状腺微小癌颈淋巴结转移危险因素分析及手术范围的探讨

目的:探讨影响甲状腺微小癌(TMC)颈淋巴结转移的危险因素以及颈淋巴结清扫的范围。方法:回顾性分析2009年1月—2013年6月收治的269例TMC患者资料,患者均在原发灶根治的同时行中央区淋巴结清扫,27例患者行颈侧区淋巴结清扫,分析患者各临床病理因素与颈淋巴结转移的关系。结果:269例患者中107例(39.8%)发生颈淋巴结转移,其中中央区淋巴结转移103例(96.3%),颈侧区淋巴结转移25例(23.4%)。单因素分析显示,男性、肿瘤直径5.0 mm、包膜侵犯与TMC颈淋巴结转移有关(均P0.05);多因素分析显示,肿瘤直径5.0 mm(OR=3.358,P0.05)、包膜侵犯(OR=5.230,P0.05)是颈淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结论:对于肿瘤直径5.0 mm或有包膜侵犯的TMC患者,中央区淋巴结转移的几率增加,行中央区淋巴结清扫是必要的。     

Central Cervical Nodal Metastasis from Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: Pattern and Factors Predictive of Nodal Metastasis

Background  Although several factors are thought to predict the occurrence of lymph node metastases from papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), the pattern of nodal metastasis has been rarely studied. We evaluated the pattern and factors predictive of central cervical metastasis from PTMC. Methods  Seventy-two patients with PTMC underwent total thyroidectomy and central neck dissection, including three who underwent therapeutic modified radical neck dissection. Lymph node involvement was analyzed by neck subsite, and clinicopathologic variables predictive of nodal metastasis were determined. Results  Central and lateral nodal metastases were found in 29 (40.3%) and 3 (4.2%) patients, respectively, and ipsilateral paratracheal, pretracheal, superior mediastinal, and contralateral paratracheal lymph node metastases in 27 (37.5%), 8 (11.1%), 4 (5.6%), and 1 (1.4%), respectively. Sex, age, tumor size, multifocality, bilaterality, extracapsular invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and MACIS (metastases, age, completeness of resection, invasion, size) for central node metastasis were not predictive of metastasis (P > .1). Temporary and permanent hypocalcemia was observed in 17 (23.6%) and 1 (1.4%) patients, respectively, and transient vocal fold paralysis in 1 (1.4%). Conclusion  Despite the absence of palpable neck nodes, PTMC is associated with a high rate of central lymph node metastasis to ipsilateral and pretracheal subsites. No clinicopathologic factor predicted nodal metastasis. In patients with PTMC involving one lobe and positive nodes, neck dissection may exclude the contralateral side.     

Increased Risk of Lymph Node Metastasis in Multifocal Hereditary and Sporadic Medullary Thyroid Cancer

Background In sporadic and hereditary medullary thyroid cancer, tumor multifocality may constitute an independent risk factor of lymph node metastasis on top of primary tumor size when the diameter of the largest primary tumor is the same. Methods Included in this institutional cohort study were 232 consecutive patients operated on at our institution for hitherto untreated medullary thyroid cancer. Associations of clinicopathologic variables with lymph node metastasis were investigated simultaneously using multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results On univariate analysis, multifocal cancers developed lymph node metastases significantly more often (p ≤ 0.005) than unifocal cancers, in both the sporadic (90% vs. 41%) and the hereditary setting (48% vs. 14%). On multivariate Cox regression analysis on lymph node metastasis as a function of primary tumor diameter, only multifocal (vs. unifocal) tumor growth was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (odds ratio [OR] = 2.5; p = 0.01). When multifocal growth was removed as an independent variable from the Cox model, heredity became the only significant predictor (OR = 3.1; p < 0.0001). Conclusion The excess risk of lymph node metastasis of 34%-49% in multifocal medullary thyroid cancer seems to be caused by concurrent smaller thyroid cancers. A diagnosis of more than one medullary thyroid cancer signifies a higher risk of lymph node metastasis, warranting systematic lymph node dissection.     

桥本甲状腺炎合并甲状腺乳头状癌临床病理特征及中央区淋巴结转移的风险因素分析

目的:探讨桥本甲状腺炎(HT)合并甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)的临床病理特征及颈部中央区淋巴结转移的危险因素.方法:回顾性分析山东大学第二医院甲状腺胰腺外科2016年6月至2019年11月手术治疗的121例HT合并PTC患者临床病理资料,通过单因素和多因素分析中央区淋巴结转移的危险因素.结果:121例HT合并PTC患者中,...     

纳米炭示踪剂在机器人甲状腺癌淋巴结清扫中的应用

背景与目的 纳米炭作为新型淋巴结示踪剂,已广泛应用于传统的甲状腺癌根治术中。目前,微创手术是时代的主题,机器人的应用使得微创手术获得更好的发展,其安全性、有效性得到广泛认证。因此,本研究探讨在机器人甲状腺癌根治术中应用纳米炭示踪剂对淋巴结清扫的效果,以期为临床应用提供参考。方法 回顾性分析294例行达芬奇机器人甲状腺乳头状癌根治术患者资料,其中160例术中使用纳米炭示踪剂（研究组）,134例未使用纳米炭（对照组）。比较两组术后中央区及颈侧区淋巴结清扫总数、阳性淋巴结数目、淋巴结清扫手术时间及颈侧区淋巴结清扫并发症发生率。结果 两组间年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、TNM分期、浸润被膜与否方面差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。研究组平均中央区的淋巴结检出数（13.46枚vs. 8.66枚）及其平均阳性淋巴结检出数（3.38枚vs. 2.31枚）均明显高于对照组（均P<0.05）;研究组平均颈侧区淋巴结检出数高于对照组（15.21枚vs. 1.44枚,P<0.05）,但其平均阳性淋巴结检出数与对照组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。研究组行平均单侧中央区淋巴结清扫时间（77.08 min vs. 88.83 min）、双侧中央区清扫时间（128.29 min vs. 160.11 min）、中央区+颈侧区清扫时间（199.93 min vs. 221.64 min）均明显少于对照组（均P<0.05）,两组各项颈侧区淋巴结清扫术后并发症发生率差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。结论 机器人甲状腺癌手术应用纳米炭可显著增加检获淋巴结的数量,提高中央区淋巴结的检出阳性率,并可以缩短淋巴结清扫时间。     

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??A study on the correlation between the age of diagnosis and the neck central lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid microcarcinomas LI Xiao-jing??YANG Le??MA Bin-lin. Department of Breast, Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi 830011,China
Corresponding author: MA Bin-lin,E-mail:mbldoctor@126.com
Abstract Objective To determine the pathologic characteristics and predictive factors that increased the neck cental lymph node metastasis??CLNM??in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma??PTMC??. Especially??to determine the correlations between age and the neck central lymph node metastases at different age cutoffs ??and the real relation between age and the central lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid microcarcinomas. Methods The clinical and pathologic data collected from 1988 patients who were firstly diagnosed with PTMC at the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between January 2010 and March 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. Chi-square test ??the curve of receiver operating characteristic??ROC?? and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to identify the risk factors of the neck central lymph node metastasis. Age at diagnosis was cut from 25 to 70 years at 5-years intervals and was cut from 30 to 60 years at 1-years intervals again, in order to determine the correlations between age and the central lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid microcarcinomas. Results Of all 1988 patients??34.9% had the neck central lymph node metastasis??and the rate of the neck central lymph node metastasis declined with the age increasing. However??in papillary thyroid microcarcinomas??except for age cutoff of 70 years??age was independently correlated with the neck cental lymph node metastasis at different age cutoffs which was from 25 to 70 years at 5-years intervals or from 30 to 60 years at 1-years intervals. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that male?? the number of focality ≥3?? tumor diameter ??5 mm?? unifocal tumor location in the lower third of the thyroid lobe ??capsular invasion were independently correlated with the neck central lymph node metastasis??P<0.05??. Conclusion Age at diagnosis??not being a cutoff?? only reflects variation tendency. And regarding age as continuous variable is more superiority in the study between age and the central lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid microcarcinom. Then?? more aggressive treatment or more frequent follow-up could be considered for patients with unfavorable features ??male?? the number of focality ≥3?? tumor diameter ??5 mm??capsular invasion??unifocal tumor location in the lower third of the thyroid lobe???? as the patients may be at an increased risk for the neck cental lymph node metastasis.