术前支架对结直肠癌性梗阻患者术后效果影响研究

目的研究分析作为术前桥梁作用的支架置入对结直肠癌性梗阻患者治疗效果影响价值。方法选取2016年1月至2019年12月本院收治的结直肠癌性梗阻患者共70例,治疗医师根据数字表法将患者平分为两组,其中A组35例,先置入金属支架进行减压处理后再行根治切除术治疗;B组35例,行急诊Ⅰ期根治切除术治疗。结果 A组35例患者在术前金属支架置入后均成功,临床成功率及技术成功率分别为94.29%(33/35)、100.0%(35/25),有2例患者置入金属支架后梗阻表现并未得到有效改善,影像学检查发现肠腔内部有积气及积液存在,置入支架后72小时即行手术治疗。A组患者的Ⅰ期肿瘤切除率显著高于B组患者,造口率明显小于B组患者(P0.05);A组患者住院时间显著少于B组患者(P0.05)。结论在结直肠癌性梗阻手术治疗前置入支架,可有效降低造口率,提高肿瘤切除率,缩短患者住院时间,并减少并发症的出现。     

结直肠支架置入术的疗效与并发症

结直肠癌急诊手术的死亡率较择期手术高。急诊患者可选择内镜下置入结直肠支架来缓解肠梗阻,从而可进行择期手术。此外,高手术风险或肿瘤不可切除的患者也可以选择置入结直肠支架来进行姑息性治疗。Cases-Bald6MJ等回顾性分析了2006-2011年期间行结直肠支架置人术的33例患者的临床资料,以评估结直肠支架置人术的临床成功率及并发症发生率。     

结直肠支架放置术治疗良恶性疾病:结果分析

自扩金属支架已广泛应用于各种胃肠道恶性梗阻的治疗，新的技术进步使自扩金属支架能扩展至更大的直径并有更大的可弯曲度，从而使自扩金属支架能放置入更弯曲的狭窄部位，例如结肠的狭窄。自扩金属支架近来已作为治疗结肠恶性梗阻确定性方案，作为癌性梗阻姑息治疗和急性梗阻的过渡治疗所获得的良好效果已见于诸多报道。然而现有资料较少提及自扩金属支架在良性结肠梗阻中的应用情况。该研究的目的就是评价自扩金属支架在良性和恶性结肠梗阻中的应用指征及实际效果。     

恶性梗阻性黄疸合并十二指肠梗阻治疗中内支架的应用

目的探讨经口置入十二指肠支架、后经皮肝穿刺置入胆道内支架的方法,评价金属支架在治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸合并十二指肠梗阻的作用。方法恶性梗阻性黄疸合并十二指肠梗阻病例12例。在透视监视下,使用介入放射学方法经口置入12个十二指肠自膨式金属支架,经皮肝穿通过十二指肠支架网眼置入11个胆道自膨式金属支架、单纯置入外引流1个。结果12例病人十二指肠支架置入均成功、同时11例胆道支架置入成功,1例导管不能通过胆道阻塞段仅放置胆道外引流管,随访期间,病人术后均能正常进半流质事物,黄疸基本消退,疗效满意,本组无严重并发症发生。结论介入放射学置入金属内支架是一种简单、有效的治疗方法,对不能手术的恶性梗阻性黄疸合并十二指肠梗阻有很好的缓解作用。     

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目的 探讨经内镜水囊扩张和金属支架置入术治疗肠道恶性梗阻的临床价值。方法 经内镜水囊扩张和金属支架置入术共治疗12例肠道恶性梗阻的病人，其中十二指肠恶性狭窄5例，直肠恶性狭窄5例，乙状结肠恶性狭窄2例。结果 5例十二指肠恶性梗阻经水囊扩张后放置支架成功，均解除梗阻症状。7例结直肠恶性梗阻中，4例扩张后放置金属支架作姑息治疗，2例经扩张和支架治疗解除梗阻后接受手术治疗，1例直肠癌术后狭窄伴盆腔广泛转移者扩张治疗失败。结论 经内镜水囊扩张和金属支架置入术治疗肠道恶性狭窄梗阻是一种操作简单、经济有效、并发症少的方法，可以显著减少病人的创伤和痛苦，提高病人的生活质量。     

非透视结肠自扩张金属支架置入过渡治疗急性梗阻性结直肠癌的临床分析

目的探讨非透视下结肠自扩张金属支架置入治疗急性梗阻性结直肠癌患者的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2014年3月至2017年12月湖南省人民医院63例非透视结肠自扩张金属支架置入治疗急性梗阻性结直肠癌患者的临床资料。采用双人肠镜操作法,进镜至肿瘤部位后探寻狭窄孔并插入非血管腔道导丝,沿导丝将自扩张金属支架置入并通过狭窄段,释放支架于目的位置。结果 63例急性梗阻性结直肠癌患者中升结肠及结肠肝曲癌1例,横结肠癌2例,结肠脾曲癌6例,降结肠癌9例,乙状结肠癌29例,直乙交界及直肠癌16例。支架置入成功率100%,支架置入操作时间为5~35 min,平均(12.3±4.6)min。除1例严重感染合并水电解质酸碱平衡紊乱患者术后1 d死亡外,其余患者均术后第2 d进食流质饮食,2~4 d左右临床症状完全缓解,于术后2~3周手术治疗。结论非透视下结肠自扩张金属支架置入治疗急性梗阻性结直肠癌患者安全有效,是急性梗阻性结直肠癌由急诊手术向限期手术转变的有效过渡治疗手段。     

金属支架治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸伴十二指肠梗阻47例

目的:探讨经内镜置入十二指肠金属支架治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸合并十二指肠梗阻的作用.方法:恶性梗阻性黄疸合并十二指肠梗阻病例47例.经内镜置入47个十二指肠自膨式金属支架,观察临床疗效.结果:47例病人十二指肠金属支架置入均成功,随访期间,病人术后均能正常进半流质事物,黄疸基本消退,疗效满意,本组未发生严重并发症发生.结论:内镜置入金属内支架是一种简单、有效的治疗方法,对不能手术的恶性梗阻性黄疸合并十二指肠梗阻有很好的缓解作用.     

金属支架治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸伴十二指肠梗阻47例

目的:探讨经内镜置入十二指肠金属支架治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸合并十二指肠梗阻的作用.方法:恶性梗阻性黄疸合并十二指肠梗阻病例47例.经内镜置入47个十二指肠自膨式金属支架,观察临床疗效.结果:47例病人十二指肠金属支架置入均成功,随访期间,病人术后均能正常进半流质事物,黄疸基本消退,疗效满意,本组未发生严重并发症发生.结论:内镜置入金属内支架是一种简单、有效的治疗方法,对不能手术的恶性梗阻性黄疸合并十二指肠梗阻有很好的缓解作用.     

自膨式金属支架植入术治疗急性左半结直肠癌性梗阻

目的探讨内镜联合透视下自膨式金属支架植入术治疗急性左半结直肠癌性梗阻的应用价值。方法回顾性分析接受内镜联合透视下自膨式金属支架植入术治疗的49例左半结直肠癌性梗阻患者的临床资料。结果于48例患者成功植入支架,技术成功率为97.96%(48/49);1例因导丝无法通过狭窄段而转为外科急诊手术。植入支架后,47例梗阻症状明显改善;1例未改善而转为外科急诊手术。术后1例发生肠穿孔,5例便中带少量鲜血,经对症治疗后均好转;2例发生支架脱落。21例患于植入支架解除肠梗阻后接受结肠癌根治术,Ⅰ期手术成功率100%(21/21)。结论内镜联合透视下自膨式金属支架植入术解除左半结直肠癌性梗阻安全、有效。     

内支架置入在结直肠恶性梗阻治疗中的应用

结肠癌是常见的恶性肿瘤。对于合并梗阻的左半结肠和直肠癌患者的治疗,有多种方法,多需分期手术。近年来,内支架开始应用于结直肠恶性梗阻患者,使得患者避免了分期手术与结肠造口,为结直肠恶性梗阻患者进行一期手术治疗提供了新的方法。     

Safety and efficacy of metallic stents in the management of colorectal obstruction.

BACKGROUND: The use of self-expandable metallic stents in the management of obstructing colorectal cancer has been described with increasing frequency in the literature. Our goal was to evaluate the efficacy and associated morbidity of the use of self-expandable metallic stents to relieve colorectal obstruction at our institution. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent colorectal stent placement between December 2001 and December 2003 in a tertiary referral center was performed. RESULTS: Stents were placed successfully in 17 of 21 patients (81%) with colorectal obstruction. Placement was achieved endoscopically in 13 patients and radiologically in 4. Ten self-expandable metallic stents were used as a bridge to surgery, and 7 were used for palliation. The obstructions were located in the sigmoid colon (11 patients), the rectosigmoid (3), the splenic flexure, the hepatic flexure, and the rectum. Malignant obstruction was noted in 14 patients. One patient with malignancy experienced a sigmoid perforation, and 2 patients with benign disease had complications (1 stent migration and 1 re-obstruction). Stent patency in obstruction secondary to colonic adenocarcinoma was 100% in our follow-up period (range, 5 to 15 months). CONCLUSIONS: The use of stents as a bridge to surgery is associated with low morbidity, allows for bowel preparation, and thus avoids the need for a temporary colostomy. Long-term patency suggests that stents may allow for the avoidance of an operation in patients with metastatic disease and further defines their role in the palliation of malignant obstruction. Further prospective randomized studies are necessary to fully elucidate the use of stents in the management of colorectal cancer.     

Safety of bowel resection for colorectal surgical emergency in the elderly

OBJECTIVE: Colorectal emergency requiring radical surgery is becoming increasingly frequent in the elderly and problems remain as regards the best management policy. Our long-time experience is presented in this study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In the last 23 years, 105 elderly patients, aged > or = 65 years, with colorectal disease underwent an emergency operation in our Surgical Department. Forty-five patients (mean age 72 years) had benign disease and 60 patients (mean age 76.5 years) colorectal carcinoma. RESULTS: The carcinoma was located in the left colon (68%), right colon (18%) and rectum (14%). Mostly, patients with malignant cancer presented with obstructive ileus, and patients with benign tumours with perforation and peritonitis, with a predominance of diverticulitis. A resection operation either with primary anastomosis or Hartmann's procedure was performed in 75% of cases; in the rest, only palliation was resorted to. Forty-three percent of the patients with colorectal cancer emergency were > or = 80 years of age. The mean morbidity was 25% and mortality 17%, which make up to 33% and 26.6% for benign disease, and 20% and 10% for malignant cancer, respectively. The mortality rate was higher in patients with perforation than those with obstruction. CONCLUSION: Advanced age is not a contraindication to radical surgery in case of colorectal emergency in the elderly. In the majority, a resection operation is feasible. In high-risk patients, colostomy is a life-saving alternative.     

How to decide on stent insertion or surgery in colorectal obstruction?

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in western society and malignant obstruction of the colon accounts for 8%-29% of all large bowel obstructions. Conventional treatment of these patients with malignant obstruction requiring urgent surgery is associated with a greater physiological insult on already nutritionally replete patients. Of late the utility of colonic stents has offered an option in the management of these patients in both the palliative and bridge to surgery setting. This has been the subject of many reviews which highlight its efficacy, particulary in reducing ostomy rates, allowing quicker return to oral diet, minimising extended post-operative recovery as well as some quality of life benefits. The uncertainity in managing patients with malignant colonic obstructions has lead to a more cautious use of stenting technology as community equipoise exists. Decision making analysis has demonstrated that surgeons' favored the use of stents in the palliative setting preferentially when compared to the curative setting where surgery was preferred. We aim to review the literature regarding the use of stent or surgery in colorectal obstruction, and then provide a discourse with regards to the approach in synthesising the data and applying it when deciding the appropriate application of stent or surgery in colorectal obstruction.     

Oncologic safety of stent as bridge to surgery compared to emergency radical surgery for left-sided colorectal cancer obstruction

Background

There are still concerns about the oncologic safety of stent insertion for colorectal cancer obstruction. This study investigated whether the use of stents as a bridge to surgery negatively affect the long-term outcome compared to curative surgery for left-sided colorectal cancer obstruction.

Methods

Between January 2004 and December 2009, patients with left-sided colorectal cancer obstruction without distant metastasis were retrospectively reviewed. Forty-three patients underwent radical resection after preoperative stent insertion (stent group), whereas 48 underwent emergency surgery with curative intent (surgery group). The short- and long-term outcomes between the two groups were compared.

Results

The stent and surgery groups had similar demographics. There were no significant differences in primary anastomosis, laparoscopic-assisted surgery, operation time, time until first defecation and oral intake after surgery, postoperative hospital stay, and reoperation. The stent group had an average hospital stay 7 days longer than the surgery group. During the median follow-up period of 48.1 months, the 5-year disease-free survival rates were not significantly different between the stent and surgery groups (47.2 vs. 48.9 %, respectively; p = 0.499). Overall, the 5-year survival rate was also similar in the two groups (70.4 vs. 76.4 %, respectively; p = 0.941).

Conclusions

For left-sided colorectal cancer obstruction, stent insertion followed by surgery showed short-term advantages and similar oncologic outcomes compared to surgery without preoperative intervention. Stent insertion as a bridge to surgery is a safe and feasible treatment option for patients with colorectal cancer obstruction.     

Treatment of neoplastic stenosis of the left colon: presurgical expandable metal stent vs emergency surgery. Comparison of results and survival rates

In recent years there has been a substantial increase in the use of self-expandable metal stent endoprostheses for preoperative "bridge to surgery" treatment of obstructive colorectal cancer. Stent insertion for malignant tumours is still controversial because of the increased risk of metastasis and regional advance of the cancer. We compared the short-term results and long-term survival times with preoperative stent insertion vs emergency surgery without stents. From January 2004 to December 2005, 16 patients (9 stent+surgery vs 7 emergency surgery) were admitted to our emergency department with obstructive colon cancer. There was no significant difference in general condition (age and comorbidity) or in cancer classification between the two groups. The percentage of resections with primary anastomosis was significantly higher in the stent group and the percentage of stoma creation significantly lower in the stent group. There was no significant difference in prognosis between the two groups. Because preoperative expandable metal stent insertion for obstructive colorectal cancer had better postoperative results and no disadvantages in terms of long-term prognosis, the Authors recommend this procedure for the preoperative treatment of obstructive colorectal cancer.     

支架置入术治疗晚期结直肠癌合并急性肠梗阻的临床疗效

目的:探讨支架置入术对肿瘤已经广泛转移的晚期结直肠癌合并急性肠梗阻患者的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2005年3月—2011年9月期间收治的67例肿瘤广泛转移的晚期结直肠癌合并急性肠梗阻患者资料,其中30例行支架置入治疗(支架置入组)以及37例行常规急诊手术治疗(常规手术组),比较两组相关临床指标。结果:与常规手术组比较,支架置入组的手术成功率(86.7%vs.97.3%),手术时间(4.32 h vs.4.78 h),术后30 d内病死率(0.0%vs.11.1%)的均无统计学差异(均P0.05),但术中出血量(76.6 mL vs.274 mL),住院时间(6.7 d vs.15.5 d),总并发症的发生率(19.2%vs.52.8%)均明显减少(均P0.05);支架置入组与常规手术组中位生存期(11.4个月vs.10.7个月)差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:支架置入术在治疗直肠癌合并的急性肠梗阻疗效确切,且更安全、可靠,推荐临床应用。     

超细内镜联合腹腔镜在急性左半结肠恶性梗阻中的应用

目的:评价超细内镜联合腹腔镜在急性左半结肠恶性梗阻应用中的安全性和有效性。方法:回顾性分析2013年1—9月收治的11例急性左半结肠恶性梗阻患者临床资料。先通过超细内镜引导下置入肠道支架,解除梗阻,再行腹腔镜结直肠癌根治一期吻合术。结果:11例患者均成功置入结肠支架,病变部位包括结肠脾区1例、降结肠2例、乙降结肠交界4例、乙状结肠2例、直乙状结肠交界2例。9例患者在支架置入后接受了根治性手术,2例因肝转移实施姑息性手术。术后1例切口感染,1例肺部感染,1例吻合口出血,均经保守治疗后好转。结论:术前肠道支架减压联合腹腔镜一期吻合手术是治疗急性左半结肠恶性梗阻安全有效的方法。     

Extraordinary role of self-expanding metal stent (SEMS) in the malignant colorectal obstruction: different care in two cases

The colorectal cancer presents with bowel obstruction in 10%-30% of patients. Established treatment of this evolutive condition, until 15 years ago, was emergency surgery. Primary resection with or without ileostomy, staged resection, Hartmann's procedure, or definitive colostomy are the therapeutical options. There is ongoing controversy on the best procedure to apply, because the choice depends on the patient's condition, age, electrolyte imbalances, nutritional status, obstructional grade, comorbidity and surgeon's attitude. However, the obstruction and the emergency operation add risk of complications and mortality instead of elective surgery. The efficacy of self-expanding metal stent to solve the obstruction had recently changed the management of malignant luminal obstruction: it is safe, effective, with very low mortality, low morbidity and also cheap. In the inoperable cases it represents the first line therapy avoiding the colostomy. In the operable patients, instead of two-step surgery, the SEMS had to be preferred because is a one-time and election surgery and avoid colostomy too, even if temporary. SEMS versus emergency primary surgery, without randomized and controlled study, allows a safer single-staged surgery. Finally it improves the quality of life avoiding colostomy, and reducing operative risk. We present two different use of SEMS: the palliation in inoperable patient and the "bridge to surgery" in critical obstructed patient.     

经肛型肠梗阻导管在结直肠恶性梗阻中的应用

目的：探讨经肛型肠梗阻减压导管在结直肠恶性梗阻治疗中的应用价值。方法：应用经肛型肠梗阻导管对30例结肠癌伴肠梗阻患者行导管置入术,冲洗引流4～10 d后手术。结果：28例成功置入导管,成功率93.3%;2例因导丝无法通过狭窄部位,而转行急诊手术。成功的28例患者导管减压引流时间为4～10 d,平均（5.8±1.6）d。置入导管后（3.8±1.3）d患者腹痛、腹胀症状明显减轻。与入院时腹围（92.1±7.4）cm相比,手术时腹围缩小至（83.9±5.8）cm（P=0.013）。减压后96.4%（27/28）的患者行一期切除吻合,术后无吻合口瘘发生。结论：经肛型肠梗阻减压导管治疗结直肠恶性梗阻是安全、有效的,可作为治疗结直肠恶性梗阻的首选措施。