血清胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白比值的分析研究

目的评估总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白的比值在冠心病风险性判断中的价值。方法筛选笔者所在医院2009年1月-2011年1月心血管内科住院的冠心病心绞痛患者125例,将所有患者分为稳定型心绞痛组、不稳定型心绞痛组和健康组,对实验室血脂检测结果和血脂指标异常率进行分析。结果稳定型心绞痛组和不稳定型心绞痛组研究的TC、TG、HDL—C、LDL—C和TC／HDL—c分别于健康组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;稳定型心绞痛组和不稳定型心绞痛组的血脂检测TC、TG、HDL—C、LDL—C和TC／HDL—C的异常率均高于健康组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论TC／HDL—C比值可作为判断冠心病风险性的重要参考指标,且灵敏度高于单项血脂指标。     

冠心病合并高血压与高血脂和同型半胱氨酸水平的相关性

目的探讨冠心病合并高血压与高血脂及同型半胱氨酸的相关性,为冠心病的防治提供理论依据。方法127例冠心病患者根据血压水平分为单纯冠心病组58例和合并高血压组69例,另选取健康体检者52例为对照组,测定血脂水平及血清同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平,并进行相关性分析。结果单纯冠心病组和合并高血压组患者的总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）和Hey水平均明显高于对照组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）水平明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;合并高血压组患者TC、TG、LDL—C和Hcy水平均明显高于单纯冠心病组,HDL—C水平明显低于单纯冠心病组,差异均有统计学意义（P（0．05）;冠心病患者脉差压（PP）水平与TC、TG、LDL—C和Hey水平呈正相关（r值分别为0．58、0．56、0．47、0．73,P〈0．05）,与HDL—C水平呈负相关（r=-0．45,P〈0．05）,冠心病患者血清Hcy水平与血清TC、TG和LDL—C水平呈正相关（r值分别为0．62、0．67、0．68,P〈0．05）,与HDL—C水平呈负相关（r=-0．52,P〈0．05）。结论高血脂和高同型半胱氨酸血症是原发性高血压发生冠心病的独立危险因素,两者协同作用可促进高血压性冠心病的发生发展。     

北京市体重正常和超重肥胖儿童血糖血脂状况分析

目的探讨超重、肥胖儿童血糖、血脂水平变化特点，为儿童肥胖的干预研究提供依据。方法选择北京市3所中学、2所小学，根据2005—2006年中小学生体检身高、体重结果进行筛选，对自愿参加的1045名7～15岁学生进行身高、体重测量。采集空腹肘静脉血测定血清总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）和空腹血糖（FPG）。结果FPG，TG，HDL—C，LDL—C在不同体型男、女儿童间差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0．01），HDL—C水平为肥胖组〈超重组〈正常组，FPG，TG，LDL—C水平均为肥胖组〉超重组〉正常组。男童TC异常检出率差异无统计学意义，FPG，TG，LDL—C偏高和HDL—C偏低的检出率均为肥胖组〉超重组〉正常组；女童FPG，TC，LDL—C异常检出率差异均无统计学意义（P值均〉0．05），TG偏高和HDL—C偏低的检出率为肥胖组〉超重组〉正常组。结论超重和肥胖儿童较体重正常儿童存在明显的血糖和血脂异常。应加强超重和肥胖儿童血糖和血脂检测，并进行综合干预.     

妊娠高血压综合征与血脂、载脂蛋白及脂蛋白（a）的关系

目的探讨妊娠高血压综合征（简称妊高征）患者血脂代谢水平的变化及其，临床意义。方法测定正常孕妇及妊高征患者的血清甘油三脂（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、载脂蛋白AI（ApoAI）、载脂蛋白B（ApoB）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）及脂蛋白（a）水平。结果妊高征组血清TG（P〈0．01）、ApoB（P〈0．01）、LDL—c（P〈0．05）及LP（a）（P〈0．05）较正常孕妇显著升高，ApoAI、HDL—C则显著降低（P〈0．05），TC在两组间差别无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。在轻、中、重妊高征患者之间，ApoAI（P〈0．05）及HDL—C（P〈0．01）依次降低，组间比较有显著性意义，LDL—C（P〈0．01）及LP（a）（P〈0．01）依次升高，组间有极显著性差异。TG、TC和ApoB组间比较，差别无显著性意义。结论血脂代谢异常可能在妊娠高血压疾病的发病中起一定作用。     

老年恶性肿瘤患者血脂检测的临床意义

目的探讨老年恶性肿瘤患者血脂水平的变化及其临床意义。方法80例未经治疗的老年恶性肿瘤患者及80例健康体检者,分别测定血浆胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）水平,进行对照;对27例行肿瘤根治术患者手术后检测血脂,并与术前作对照。结果老年恶性肿瘤患者TC、LDL低下,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;TG、HDL与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。老年恶性肿瘤患者术后TC、LDL升高,与术前比较,差畀有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;TG、HDL差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论血浆TC、LDL水平可作为恶性肿瘤诊断及预后观察的一项辅助指标。     

北京市不同营养状况中学生血脂状况调查

目的 了解不同营养状况青少年血脂水平及其异常情况，为早期预防心脑血管疾病提供理论依据。方法 对北京市966名初中三年级学生进行体检和血脂检测，分体重正常组、超重组和肥胖组进行血清学各指标比较。结果 随体质指数（BMI）增高，血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三脂（TG）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）水平及其异常检出率呈增高趋势，不同组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；HDL—C在超重组和肥胖组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），其余2组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 肥胖青少年血脂水平及其血脂异常率较高，应积极预防和治疗青少年高脂血症。     

降脂清冲剂对颈动脉内膜中层厚度的影响

目的探讨降脂清冲剂对颈动脉内膜中层厚度的影响。方法降脂清冲剂配合辛伐他汀口服治疗50例血脂异常患者,治疗前及治疗8周后分别测定血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL—C）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL—C）,安全性指标,应用多普勒超声仪检测并颈动脉内膜中层厚度IMT及颈动脉内中膜C—BS,与50例辛伐他汀口服组对照：结果治疗组和对照组治疗后TC、TG、LDL—C较治疗前显著下降（P〈0．05）;HDL—C水平较治疗前明显升高（P〈0．05）,颈动脉内中膜C—BS和颈动脉IMT差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。治疗组较对照组在TC、TG和LDL—C有所下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）．治疗组经治疗后HDL、颈动脉内中膜C—BS、颈动脉IMT较对照组无差异．无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论降脂清冲剂配合辛伐他汀口服能降脂清冲剂治疗高脂血症疗效及显著.     

急性心肌梗死早期的血脂分析

目的探讨急性心肌梗死早期血脂变化特点。方法267例疑诊或确诊为冠心病的患者，均行冠状动脉造影（CAG）。根据病史、实验室检查及CAG分三组：冠脉正常组、急性心肌梗死组、非急性心肌梗死组。所有患者均于入院次日化验血脂。结果急性心肌梗死组早期（发病24-36h内）血脂水平已出现明显变化：总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（HDL—C）、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（LDL—C）、载脂蛋白（Apo）A均下降。与冠脉正常组相比。TC、TG、LDL—C差异无统计学意义；与非急性心肌梗死组相比，TC、LDL—C、ApoA差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论急性心肌梗死早期血脂TC、HDL—C、LDL—C、ApoA降低，不应以此时的水平作依据，而应早期积极干预治疗。     

脑血管病患者血脂、脂蛋白及载脂蛋白AI、B100测定的临床意义

目的 研究脑血管病患血脂，脂蛋白及载脂蛋白AI（apo AI），载脂蛋白B100（apoB100)测定的临床意义。方法 脑血管病人及健康人均晨起空腹静脉抽血，血清TC，TG及HDL－C采用酶法试剂盒及生化仪测定；apoAI,B100和免疫周围扩散法；LDL－C用Friedewald公式计算，即LDL-C=TC-(1/5TC＋HDL－C）。结果 脑动脉硬化组及脑梗死组与健康对照组的血脂，脂蛋白及apoAI,B100含量的比较，经过统计学处理，均有显差异至极显差异（P＜0．05－0．001）。脑出血组除TG有显差异（P＜0．05）外，其余均无显差异（P＞0．05）。结论 载脂蛋白测定对脑血管疾病预测的敏感度远比血脂及脂蛋白高。     

血脂检验对糖尿病的临床意义分析

目的分析糖尿病患者血脂异常原因,为临床治疗糖尿病血脂异常提供依据。方法取35例糖尿病患者及35例血糖正常人群早晨空腹血（血清）,测定总胆固醇、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）,并进行对比分析。结果35例糖尿病患者TG、TC、LDL与正常对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,HDL与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论糖尿病患者血脂含量明显升高,其中TC、TG、LDL升高明显,提示糖尿病患者在控制血糖的同时,应对高脂血症进行相应的降脂治疗。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.