Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Children with Development Delay

目的 应用磁共振扩散张量成像(DTI)研究发育迟缓婴幼儿脑白质的各向异性(FA)值,探讨其与正常婴幼儿脑白质有无差异.资料与方法 对40例发育迟缓和40例正常婴幼儿进行了常规MRI及DTI扫描,并以常规MRI表现将发育迟缓组分为常规MRI表现正常和常规MRI表现脑白质发育迟缓.分别测量5个深部脑白质与4个浅部脑白质的FA值,并对结果进行统计学比较.结果 发育迟缓组各测量部位FA值低于对照组,除内囊后肢外差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).发育迟缓常规MRI表现正常患儿深部脑白质FA值低于正常组,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);浅部脑白质FA值低于正常组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);发育迟缓常规MRI表现发育迟缓脑白质FA值均低于正常组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 应用DTI FA值的测量能定量诊断婴幼儿脑白质发育迟缓,尤其常规MRI正常的发育迟缓患儿浅部脑白质FA值低于对照组,可明确诊断发育迟缓.     

皮质下动脉硬化性脑病的扩散张量成像分析

目的 探讨扩散张量成像(DTI)技术在皮质下动脉硬化性脑病(SAE/BD)中的应用价值.方法 对经临床诊断的40例BD患者和40例健康老年人行常规MRI及DTI检查,测量BD组常规MRI表现阳性病灶区、BD组表现正常脑白质区及对照组正常脑白质3组平均弥散系数(DCavg)值、各向异性分数(FA)值,进行统计学分析,并研究二者之间的相关性.结果 BD病灶区FA值降低、DCavg值增高,与对照组脑白质差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);BD正常脑白质区FA值与正常对照组相比有所降低、DCavg值有所增高,且差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),3组的DCavg值与FA值均具有相关性.结论 DTI检查BD,其DCavg、FA值显示出特征性的改变,即DCavg值增高,FA值降低,并能够发现常规MRI检查正常的脑白质微结构改变.     

DTI评价剖宫产儿与顺产儿髓鞘发育差异的价值探讨

目的 :通过DTI评价顺产儿与剖宫产儿大脑髓鞘发育的特点,探讨剖宫产儿与顺产儿不同区域大脑白质的发育差异。方法:选择2~12岁患儿40例,其中剖宫产20例,顺产20例,测量2组不同区域脑白质各向异性分数(fractional anisotropy,FA)值,并比较组内不同区域脑白质及组间脑白质平均FA值。结果 :2组胼胝体膝部、压部、内囊前后肢的脑白质FA值组内比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);2组组间脑白质平均FA值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:DTI能进一步反映出顺产儿与剖宫产儿脑白质区的发育差异。     

3.0T磁共振扩散张量成像FA值在新生儿HIE早期诊断中的研究

目的探讨磁共振扩散张量成像(DTI)技术特征参数各向异性分数(FA)值定量测量在评价新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)中的临床应用价值。方法搜集临床确诊为HIE的患儿25例(轻度组8例,中度组6例,重度组11例)及正常对照组新生儿7例,应用3.0T磁共振对所有患儿及正常新生儿行颅脑MRI常规序列和DTI序列扫描。测量HIE各组及对照组新生儿颅脑各感兴趣区的FA值并分析各组间的FA值差异是否具有统计学意义。结果重度组患儿额叶深部髓质、顶枕叶深部髓质、小脑半球、内囊后支、豆状核区、丘脑FA值较对照组新生儿明显降低(P值均<0.05),中度组/轻度组患儿额叶深部髓质、小脑半球、内囊后支、豆状核区、丘脑FA值较对照组新生儿明显降低(P值均<0.05),病例组患儿脑干FA值较对照组新生儿降低,但差异无统计学意义;重度组患儿额叶深部髓质FA值较轻度组患儿明显降低(P值=0.000),顶枕叶深部髓质FA值较轻度组患儿明显降低(P值=0.002),豆状核区FA值较轻度组患儿(P值=0.000)、中度组患儿(P值=0.004)明显降低,其余组间比较差别没有统计学意义。结论 FA值定量测量可作为新生儿HIE早期诊断客观依据,为HIE患儿制定治疗方案和评估预后提供帮助。     

梗阻性脑积水的弥散加权成像及弥散张量成像研究

目的探讨磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)与弥散张量成像(DTI)对梗阻性脑积水的诊断价值。方法 25例梗阻性脑积水患者和30例志愿者均行3.0T磁共振常规序列以及DWI和DTI扫描,重建出ADC图、MD图、FA图、RA图、VR图及AI图,并对各参数图进行测量和记录,所得数据进行统计学分析。结果 30例志愿者及25例梗阻性脑积水患者分别测量双侧侧脑室周围脑白质、胼胝体膝部及压部区域的ADC、MD、FA、RA、VR及AI进行测量,ADC图中胼胝体膝部两组ADC值差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),双侧侧脑室外侧脑白质两组所测得MD、FA、VR、AI值均有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组胼胝体压部RA值有统计学差异(P<0.05),两组间胼胝体膝部所有测得DTI各参数值均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 DWI和DTI在脑积水的诊断中具有重要的诊断价值。     

慢性高原病的脑磁共振弥散张量成像研究

目的：应用3.0T磁共振弥散张量成像（diffusion tensor imaging,DTI）技术,评价慢性高原病患者脑白质的各向异性分数（fractional anisotrophy,FA）。方法：本研究共包括9例慢性高原病患者和10例正常志愿者,行常规MRI扫描及DTI扫描,测定DTI图像上不同脑白质区的FA值,并比较两组FA值的差异。结果：两组常规MR检查未见明确差异,DTI示慢性高原病组双侧额叶及海马旁白质、胼胝体膝部FA值较正常志愿者组降低,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：慢性高原病患者部分脑白质区FA值下降,提示脑白质纤维束完整性受损。     

DTI在PVL合并脑瘫患儿术后脑白质恢复中的应用价值

目的 探讨扩散张量成像(DTI)技术在脑室周围白质软化症(PVL)合并脑瘫患儿术后脑白质恢复中的应用价值.方法 收集经临床诊断为PVL合并脑瘫患儿15例作为病例组,另选相匹配的正常儿童志愿者15例作为对照组,均进行常规MRI平扫及DTI检查,并获得各向异性分数(FA)图,测量病例组治疗前后与对照组皮质脊髓束(内囊膝、内囊后肢、大脑脚及脑桥水平)、基底节区核团(尾状核、豆状核)感兴趣区的FA值差异.结果 双侧内囊膝、内囊后肢、脑桥、胼胝体压部、膝部及双侧大脑脚的FA值在病例组治疗前、后(术后1个月)与对照组间有统计学差异(P＜0.05),3组豆状核、尾状核的FA值无统计学意义.进一步两两比较,双侧内囊后肢、胼胝体压部、膝部任意2组间比较均有统计学差异,双侧内囊膝、脑桥、双侧大脑脚治疗前、后无统计学意义,双侧内囊膝、脑桥、双侧大脑脚治疗前与对照组间比较均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 DTI技术可显示脑白质细微结构变化,其FA值在PVL合并脑瘫患儿术后脑白质恢复中有一定参考价值,有助于指导临床医生进一步合理治疗.     

扩散张量成像及磁化传递成像评价正常婴幼儿脑白质髓鞘化研究

目的 探讨MR扩散张量成像(DTI)和磁化传递成像(MTI)两种方法评价正常婴幼儿脑白质髓鞘化过程的意义. 资料与方法 对30名正常婴幼儿行常规MRI及DTI、MTI检查.运用感兴趣区(ROI)技术测定脑内13个脑白质ROI的表观扩散系数(ADCiso)、各向异性指数(FA)、磁化传递率(MTR)值. 用13个ROI MTR值、ADCiso、FA的平均值分别代表相应的全脑值. 结果 脑白质区局部及全脑ADCiso值与年龄呈负相关.除双侧小脑脚外,各个脑白质ROI局部FA值及全脑FA值与年龄无相关性. 局部及全脑MTR值与年龄呈正相关. 结论 DTI及MTI在正常婴幼儿脑白质髓鞘化过程中有一定的变化规律,可提示髓鞘化病理生理过程.     

正常儿童脑白质发育的DTI研究

目的 :用DTI研究正常儿童脑白质发育特点。方法 :收集50例1~12岁健康儿童脑DTI图像,分析第1组(1~3岁)、第2组(4~6岁)、第3组(7~9岁)及第4组(10~12岁)4个年龄组与脑白质内囊前肢、内囊后肢、胼胝体膝部、胼胝体压部及尾状核头部5个部位的各向异性指数(FA)值、ADC值的相关性及差异性。结果:内囊前肢、内囊后肢、胼胝体膝部及胼胝体压部的FA值与年龄呈正相关,尾状核头部的FA值与年龄呈负相关;内囊前肢、内囊后肢、胼胝体膝部、胼胝体压部及尾状核头部的ADC值均与年龄呈负相关。第1、2组间及第2、3组间内囊前肢、内囊后肢、胼胝体膝部及胼胝体压部的FA值、ADC值差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);第3、4组组间胼胝体膝部及胼胝体压部的FA值、ADC值差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:DTI的FA值和ADC值能反映脑白质发育差异。     

DTI对HIV感染者脑白质细微结构病变的诊断研究

目的 探讨扩散张量成像(DTI)技术对人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者脑白质细微病变的诊断和临床应用价值.方法选取80例HIV阳性者(阳性组)和83例HIV阴性者(对照组),均行MRI常规序列及DTI扫描.测定双侧内囊前支、内囊后支、内囊膝、胼胝体膝部、压部及双侧胼胝体干脑白质感兴趣区(ROI)的各向异性分数(FA)值和表观扩散系数(ADC)值,利用独立样本t检验比较2组间FA值及ADC值的差异.结果与正常对照组相比,阳性组双侧内囊前支及内囊膝、胼胝体膝部及双侧胼胝体干FA值均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);阳性组双侧内囊前支、后支、膝部及双侧胼胝体干ADC值均高于对照组,差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论DTI通过FA值和ADC值的异常改变而发现HIV阳性患者内囊及胼胝体区脑白质结构的细微病变,为临床早期诊断和治疗干预提供参考依据.     

Diffusion-tensor MR imaging in children with developmental delay: preliminary findings

PURPOSE: To determine whether diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can depict abnormalities in patients with a diagnosis of developmental delay but structurally normal brain MR imaging results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty pediatric patients who received a diagnosis of developmental delay underwent brain MR examinations, including diffusion-tensor MR imaging. The MR findings in these patients were compared with those in 10 age-matched neurodevelopmentally healthy children. Diffusion constant (Dav) and anisotropy were measured bilaterally in regions of interest in the centrum semiovale, corona radiata, internal capsule, corpus callosum, and subcortical white matter of the frontal and parieto-occipital lobes. By using a one-tailed Student t test in the positive direction for Dav and in the negative direction for anisotropy and P <.05 to indicate a significant difference, the Dav and anisotropy values for children with developmental delay were compared with those for children who were neurodevelopmentally healthy. RESULTS: The children with developmental delay had significant increases in Dav in all measured structures (P, <.001 to <.03). Significant decreases in anisotropy were detected in all white matter fiber tracts studied (P, <.001 to <.03) except the posterior limb of the internal capsule. CONCLUSION: In the children with developmental delay, diffusion-tensor MR imaging depicted decreases in anisotropy and increases in Dav in the white matter fiber tracts, which appeared to be normal at conventional MR imaging.     

磁共振扩散张量纤维束成像技术在内侧颞叶癫痫中的应用研究

目的采用扩散张量纤维束成像(DTT)技术对内侧颞叶癫痫(mesial temporal lobe epilepsy,mTLE)中特定的脑白质纤维完整性的改变进行研究,探讨其在mTLE中的应用价值。资料与方法 25例单侧mTLE患者(左侧13例,右侧12例)及21名健康自愿者(对照组)纳入本研究。在1.5 T MR扫描仪下行扩散张量成像(DTI)数据采集。采用Trackvis软件对受检者颞叶相关的5对白质纤维束进行追踪显示,测量其整体部分各向异性分数(FA)值。将两组mTLE患者的左、右侧纤维束FA值分别与对照组相应侧纤维束FA值进行两样本t检验。最后将病例组纤维束FA值与临床因素进行相关分析。结果相对于对照组,左侧mTLE组5个患侧纤维束FA值均减低(P<0.05),而对侧仅扣带束(t=2.458,P<0.05)、上纵束(t=2.112,P<0.05)、下纵束(t=2.093,P<0.05)的FA值减低;右侧mTLE组5个患侧纤维束FA值均减低(P<0.05),而对侧仅下纵束FA值减低(t=2.384,P<0.05)。左侧mTLE组左侧钩束FA值与始发年龄呈线性正相关关系(r=0.764,P<0.01),与发病时长呈线性负相关关系(r=-0.678,P<0.05)。结论 DTT可用于颞叶癫痫相关白质纤维束完整性的检测,并有助于mTLE定侧研究,加深对mTLE病理生理机制的进一步理解。     

Diffusion tensor imaging of tract involvement in children with pontine tumors

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Conventional MR imaging permits subcategorization of brain stem tumors by location and focality; however, assessment of white matter tract involvement by tumor is limited. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a promising method for visualizing white matter tract tumor involvement supratentorially. We investigated the ability of DTI to visualize and quantify white matter tract involvement in pontine tumors. METHODS AND MATERIALS: DTI data (echo-planar, 1.5T) were retrospectively analyzed in 7 patients with pontine tumors (6 diffuse, 1 focal), 4 patient controls, and 5 normal volunteers. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were calculated from the diffusion tensor in 6 regions of interest: bilateral corticospinal tracts, transverse pontine fibers, and medial lemnisci. Relationships between FA and ADC values and results of the neurologic examinations were evaluated. RESULTS: The corticospinal tracts and transverse pontine fibers were affected more often than the medial lemnisci. The DTI parameters (FA and ADC) were significantly altered in all tracts of patients with pontine tumors (P < .05), compared with those values in the control groups. A marginally significant (P = .057) association was seen between the severity of cranial nerve deficit and decreased FA. CONCLUSION: DTI provided superior visualization and quantification of tumor involvement in motor, sensory, and transverse pontine tracts, compared with information provided by conventional MR imaging. Thus, DTI may be a sensitive measure of tract invasion. Further prospective studies are warranted to assess the ability of DTI to delineate tumor focality and improve risk stratification in children with pontine tumors.     

扩散张量成像在颅内肿瘤周围白质区的应用

目的：评价MR扩散张量成像技术在不同级别胶质瘤、脑膜瘤及转移瘤周围正常脑白质区的应用价值。方法：对43例颅内肿瘤患者行常规MRI及扩散张量成像检查,其中高级别胶质瘤12例,低级别胶质瘤10例,脑膜瘤12例、转移瘤9例。测量瘤周正常脑白质的FA值及对侧相应解剖部位正常脑白质的FA值,行组间统计学分析。结果：高级别胶质瘤瘤周正常脑白质FA值低于对侧正常脑白质FA值,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;低级别胶质瘤、脑膜瘤及转移瘤FA值的差异无统计学意义。高级别胶质瘤瘤周正常脑白质FA值与低级别胶质瘤、脑膜瘤、转移瘤瘤周正常脑白质之间差异有统计学意义,后三者之间的差异比较无统计学意义。结论：MR扩散张量成像技术有助于颅内肿瘤的定性诊断及推测肿瘤细胞的浸润范围。     

病毒性脑炎扩散张量成像的初步研究

目的:比较病毒性脑炎脑内病灶和对照侧镜像区的扩散特性的差异,探讨扩散张量成像(DTI)在诊断病毒性脑炎中的应用价值。方法:分别对13例病毒性脑炎患者行常规MRI和DTI检查,经处理后分别获得每个层面的表观扩散系数(ADC)图、各向异性(FA)图、1-VR(VR)图和纤维束成像(DTT)图,并对DTI各输出参数ADC、FA、1-VR进行统计分析。结果:13例患者共计20个病灶,病灶区的FA值及1-VR值减低,病灶区与对照侧的FA值及1-VR值间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),病灶区与对照侧的ADC值间的差异无统计学意义(P=0.2026,P>0.05)。FA图显示病灶的范围比常规T2WI大。DTT图显示受累白质纤维束是浸润性改变,部分纤维中断。结论:DTI指标可以反映病毒性脑炎病变组织的微观结构变化信息,为常规MRI检查提供补充信息,对其临床诊疗和评估也有一定的价值。     

弥散张量成像技术在星形细胞肿瘤中的应用价值初探

目的：评价MRI弥散张量成像技术在星形细胞肿瘤中的应用价值。材料和方法：采用GE1.5T超导MR成像系统，对16例1-2级星形细胞肿瘤及15例3-4级星形细胞肿瘤进行了MRI检查，检查序列包括T1WI、T2WI、FLAIR、弥散张量序列（diffusion tensor imaging，DTI）及增强后T1WI。结果：正常脑白质纤维在不同解剖平面，如半卵圆中心、内囊、胼胝体、视放射、锥体束、锥体交叉及内外侧丘系等，各向异性分数图（FA）均为高信号，白质纤维受到破坏后表现为低信号，而这些表现在常规T1WI、T2WI及FLAIR图上未能清楚显示。结论：DT1可以无创性检查脑白质纤维，用于脑肿瘤诊断及术前手术方案的制定。     

Proton MR spectroscopic and diffusion tensor brain MR imaging in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: initial experience

PURPOSE: To compare conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, proton MR spectroscopic imaging, and diffusion tensor (DT) MR imaging findings in patients with X chromosome-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Multisection proton MR spectroscopy and DT imaging were performed in 11 patients with X-ALD and in 11 healthy control subjects. Quantitative measures of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline, and creatine values and of isotropic apparent diffusion coefficient (IADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were obtained from coregistered regions of interest. DT imaging and metabolic parameters were compared by using regression analysis. In addition, differences in DT imaging and metabolite measurements between normal- and abnormal-appearing white matter on conventional MR images were evaluated by using a nonparametric (Mann-Whitney) test. RESULTS: A strong logarithmic relationship between NAA value and FA (r = 0.64, P <.001) and an inverse logarithmic relationship were found between NAA value and IADC (r = -0.69, P <.001). Creatine and choline values correlated poorly with IADC and FA. In the normal-appearing white matter of asymptomatic patients, the NAA value was 17% lower than that in the healthy control subjects (P =.016), whereas no significant difference in DT imaging measures was seen in these regions. CONCLUSION: In patients with X-ALD, MR spectroscopic imaging can depict abnormalities in white matter that have a normal appearance on both conventional MR and DT images; this finding suggests that it may be the most sensitive technique for detecting early abnormalities of demyelination or axonal loss in patients with X-ALD.     

扩散张量成像对正常儿童脑白质结构的初步探讨--彩色张量图的应用

目的　分析正常儿童的脑彩色张量图表现 ,探讨扩散张量成像对评价儿童脑发育的价值。方法　对 89名正常儿童 (年龄 2d～ 18岁 )行头部扩散张量成像 ,分析不同年龄段、不同白质纤维束的显示情况并总结规律。结果　不同年龄段正常儿童的彩色扩散图表现不同 ,随年龄增长 ,可显示的白质纤维束增多 ,边界逐渐清晰 ,5岁以后表现接近于成人。结论　彩色张量图适用于直观评价儿童脑白质的发育情况 ,优于常规磁共振成像     

磁共振弥散张量成像对正常大脑白质纤维束构象的初步研究

目的利用磁共振弥散张量成像(DTI)研究正常成人脑内各部位各向异性程度及正常白质纤维束构象特征.方法对25名正常志愿者进行常规MR及DTI序列检查,重建FA图及三维彩色编码张量图.分别在半卵圆中心、基底节区和大脑脚层面测量主要白质束的FA值.结果DTI显示灰质与白质区各向异性存在显著差异,不同部位的白质纤维束各向异性程度亦不相同,且左右两侧基本对称,重建FA图和三维彩色编码张量图可显示白质内大部分主要的白质纤维束.结论DTI可清晰显示脑内白质纤维束的走行及分布,为了解脑功能与白质通路间关系提供了有力研究手段.     

婴幼儿脑白质发育的弥散张量磁共振成像

目的：应用弥散张量成像分析不同年龄段婴幼儿的不同部位脑白质的各向异性。材料和方法：将26例正常婴幼儿（年龄4d至24个月）分为4组：第一组7例，小于6个月；第二组8例，6—12个月；第三组6例，12—18个月；第四组5例，18—24个月。均进行常规头颅MR和弥散张量成像，并测量不同部位脑白质的FA值和ADC值。结果：随着年龄的增加，ADC值逐渐减低，FA值逐渐升高。不同组别大脑白质各部位的ADC值和FA值不同（P〈0．05）。结论：弥散张量成像可以反映活体脑白质的细微结构，可用于评价脑白质发育情况。