Imaging Manifestations of Primary Spinal Chondrosarcoma:a Comparative Analysis with Histopathology

目的 分析脊柱原发性软骨肉瘤影像学表现,探讨其影像学特征及组织病理联系.资料与方法 回顾性分析8例病理证实的脊柱原发性软骨肉瘤患者的临床表现、病理特征及影像学征象.结果 8例中普通型4例,间质型2例,透明细胞型和黏液型各1例;7例髓内型,1例皮质旁型.病灶均单发,累及胸椎3例(T4、T5和T11-12),骶椎3例(S1-3),腰椎和颈椎各1例.8例均表现为不同程度溶骨性骨质破坏和软组织肿块.7例病灶内见环状或弧线样软骨基质钙化.3例T2WI上见分叶状更高信号区(富水分区)病灶中,2例为传统型,且含MRI液-液平面,病理证实瘤灶内有动脉瘤样骨囊肿改变;另1例为透明细胞型,病理显示富含透明软骨成分;此两型共5例,其中4例MRI呈线样或分隔样强化.黏液型病灶MRI信号混杂,但较传统型和透明细胞型信号相对均匀;除钙化区域外,瘤体呈弥漫强化.2例间质型病灶均表现为明显软组织肿块,均匀或不均匀强化.结论 脊柱原发性软骨肉瘤具有特征性影像表现,不同影像学表现可提示不同病理类型.熟悉脊柱原发性软骨肉瘤影像学特征及不同病理类型特征性表现有助于临床及影像诊断.     

软骨肉瘤的影像诊断与鉴别诊断

目的:探讨软骨肉瘤的影像学表现,提高对本病诊断的准确性。方法:回顾性分析25例经手术病理证实的软骨肉瘤的X线、CT和MRI资料。结果:25例软骨肉瘤中原发23例,其中普通型20例,去分化型、黏液型及透明细胞型各1例;继发2例。X线及CT表现:原发的23例中溶骨性骨破坏5例,混合性骨破坏18例,形成软组织肿块20例,其中表现为低密度19例,等密度1例。20例普通型及1例黏液型见散在钙化。MRI表现:普通型软骨肉瘤T1WI呈等或稍低信号,T2WI呈等或稍高信号;黏液型T1WI呈等、低混杂信号,T2WI呈稍高、低的混杂信号,钙化T2WI呈低信号;透明细胞型病例T1WI及T2WI呈近乎等信号;去分化型T1WI呈等低混杂信号,T2WI呈不均匀高信号。6例普通型及1例继发型出现环形、间隔样中等-明显强化,黏液型及去分化型呈不均匀中等-明显强化。结论:普通X线及CT是软骨肉瘤影像诊断及鉴别诊断的主要手段,MRI显示软骨信号为重要提示。MRI显示病变范围更为清楚、准确,为临床治疗提供可靠依据。     

Imaging features of chondrosarcoma

目的:探讨软骨肉瘤的影像学表现,提高对本病诊断的准确性.方法:回顾性分析25例经手术病理证实的 软骨肉瘤的X线、CT和MRI资料.结果:25例软骨肉瘤中原发23例,其中普通型20例,去分化型、黏液型及透明细胞型 各1例;继发2例.X线及CT表现:原发的23例中溶骨性骨破坏5例,混合性骨破坏18例,形成软组织肿块20例.其中 表现为低密度19例,等密度1例.20例普通型及1例黏液型见散在钙化.MRI表现:普通型软骨肉瘤T1 WI呈等或稍低 信号,T2WI呈等或稍高信号;黏液型T1WI呈等、低混杂信号,T2WI呈稍高、低的混杂信号,钙化T2WI呈低信号;透明细 胞型病例T2WI及T2WI呈近乎等信号;去分化型T1WI呈等低混杂信号,T2WI呈不均匀高信号.6例普通型及1例继 发型出现环形、间隔样中等一明显强化,黏液型及去分化型呈不均匀中等一明显强化.结论:普通X线及CT是软骨肉瘤影 像诊断及鉴别诊断的主要手段,MRI显示软骨信号为重要提示.MRI显示病变范围更为清楚、准确.为临床治疗提供可 靠依据.     

去分化软骨肉瘤的影像学诊断

目的探讨去分化软骨肉瘤的影像学表现及诊断价值。方法收集2006年9月~2013年9月间经病理证实的26例去分化软骨肉瘤患者,髂骨11例,股骨6例,肱骨3例,胫骨2例,肋骨2例,脊柱2例。结果软骨肉瘤合并纤维肉瘤1例,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤4例,骨肉瘤4例,骨膜骨肉瘤1例,以及梭形细胞肉瘤16例。影像学特征性表现为"双相征",即呈现两种不同肿瘤的影像学特征,X线显示比例为55.6%,CT为66.7%,除髓腔内具有环形、点状钙化的软骨类肿瘤病灶外,相邻局部骨质溶解破坏区伴骨旁无钙化的软组织肿块;MRI为57.1%,T2WI表现为分界较清楚的分叶状高信号与不规则低信号软组织肿块,高信号区在增强后呈周围及间隔强化,相对低信号区呈明显均匀强化。结论在软骨类肿瘤表现的基础上,X线及CT上病灶内局部骨溶解区及无钙化软组织肿块,或MR T2序列上不规则低信号区及均匀强化特征,高度提示病灶内两种病理成分并存即去分化软骨肉瘤的可能。     

CT and MRI diagnosis of skull base chondrosarcoma extensively involving parapharyngeal space

目的:探讨CT、MRI对累及咽旁间隙的颅底软骨肉瘤的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析6例经病理证实的累及咽旁间隙的颅底软骨肉瘤患者的CT、MRI资料,其中3例为黏液样软骨肉瘤.结果:6例均广泛累及咽旁间隙,侵犯颈静脉孔5例、岩尖3例、寰椎旁3例.主要CT表现为软组织肿块伴不规则骨质破坏,肿块呈分叶状4例,类圆形2例,伴不同程度点状、斑片状及周边弧形钙化;4例CT增强扫描呈轻度不均匀强化.MRI T1 WI示肿块呈低或稍低信号,T2 WI上呈多房分叶状明显高信号,内有低信号分隔,其中3例黏液样软骨肉瘤信号较均匀,其余信号不均匀,有片状等或稍高信号灶.增强扫描呈轻度不均匀强化,伴周边及间隔强化.结论:颅底软骨肉瘤可广泛累及咽旁间隙,易造成误诊;CT可显示钙化及骨质破坏,MRI上肿块信号特点及强化方式有一定特点,两种检查方法联合应用可减少误诊.     

原发性软骨肉瘤的影像诊断

目的探讨原发性软骨肉瘤影像特点及诊断要点。方法回顾性分析13例病理证实的原发性软骨肉瘤的X线、CT、MRI表现,并与病理对照。结果13例中,常见型9例,黏液型3例,去分化型1例。发病部位：长骨7例（股骨6例,肱骨上端1例）,躯干骨6例（骨盆3例,肋骨2例,胸椎1例）。X线及CT表现：呈斑片状、大片状溶骨性骨质破坏,周围骨质密度增高,骨皮质破坏、中断,局部软组织肿块。11例病灶内出现钙化。MRI表现：5例病灶T1WI呈稍低及等信号,T2WI呈显著高信号,增强后呈分隔状强化。结论X线、CT、MRI检查的综合运用,对原发性软骨肉瘤的诊断有重要的价值。     

髋臼软骨肉瘤的影像表现及病理相关性分析

目的 探讨髋臼软骨肉瘤的影像学特点,提高其分型、分级诊断和鉴别诊断的能力,为临床治疗提供帮助.方法 分析27例经手术病理证实为髋臼软骨肉瘤病例的影像学资料,分析X线、CT和MRI表现及其病理基础,分析各型、各级的影像学特点.结果 27例均为单发病灶,普通型15例,去分化型4例,黏液型3例,间充质型2例,未分型3例;Ⅰ级3例,Ⅱ级16例,Ⅲ级7例,未分级1例.X线平片均有不同程度骨质破坏,多伴软组织肿块及钙化;CT显示均有骨质破坏及软组织肿块,均见斑点状、"环-弧"状钙化;T1WI以等、低信号为主,T2WI呈不均匀高信号,增强有周边及瘤内间隔状强化.普通型及去分化型髋臼软骨肉瘤其内钙化较多,普通型钙化多为"环-弧"状,去分化型、间充质型多为斑点状;Ⅱ级髋臼软骨肉瘤其内钙化较多,Ⅰ、Ⅱ级多为"环-弧"状钙化,Ⅲ级多为斑点状钙化.结论 髋臼软骨肉瘤多数具备典型的影像学表现,钙化是软骨肉瘤诊断的最可靠征象.髋臼软骨肉瘤病灶内的钙化模式与钙化灶密度和其恶性程度存在确定的关系,形态较规则的钙化环通常提示肿瘤为低度恶性;不同分型的髋臼软骨肉瘤钙化特点不同.     

累及咽旁间隙的颅底软骨肉瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的:探讨CT、MRI对累及咽旁间隙的颅底软骨肉瘤的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析6例经病理证实的累及咽旁间隙的颅底软骨肉瘤患者的CT、MRI资料,其中3例为黏液样软骨肉瘤。结果:6例均广泛累及咽旁间隙,侵犯颈静脉孔5例、岩尖3例、寰椎旁3例。主要CT表现为软组织肿块伴不规则骨质破坏,肿块呈分叶状4例,类圆形2例,伴不同程度点状、斑片状及周边弧形钙化;4例CT增强扫描呈轻度不均匀强化。MRI T1WI示肿块呈低或稍低信号,T2WI上呈多房分叶状明显高信号,内有低信号分隔,其中3例黏液样软骨肉瘤信号较均匀,其余信号不均匀,有片状等或稍高信号灶。增强扫描呈轻度不均匀强化,伴周边及间隔强化。结论:颅底软骨肉瘤可广泛累及咽旁间隙,易造成误诊;CT可显示钙化及骨质破坏,MRI上肿块信号特点及强化方式有一定特点,两种检查方法联合应用可减少误诊。     

原发性颞下窝肿瘤的CT与MRI特点分析

目的 探讨原发性颞下窝肿瘤的CT、MRI表现特点.方法 回顾性分析经手术或穿刺病理证实的21例原发性颞下窝肿瘤的CT及MRI资料,分析其影像学表现.结果 21例中良性肿瘤10例(47.6％),包括血管瘤4例,神经鞘瘤2例,神经纤维瘤3例,脂肪瘤1例;恶性肿瘤11例(52.4％),包括横纹肌肉瘤3例,滑膜肉瘤2例,腺样囊性癌2例,腺泡状软组织肉瘤2例,纤维肉瘤和淋巴瘤各1例.血管瘤呈渐进性显著强化,常伴钙化,MRI T2WI病灶内见流空信号.神经鞘瘤表现为不均匀强化的软组织肿块,伴有出血、坏死、囊变.神经纤维瘤密度/信号较均匀,内含有散在钙化灶.脂肪瘤CT及MRI均表现为脂肪密度/信号肿块,边界清晰.横纹肌肉瘤、纤维肉瘤及淋巴瘤浸润性生长并向邻近间隙蔓延,增强扫描均匀或不均匀强化.滑膜肉瘤边界较清楚,强化明显,可伴不规则钙化.腺样囊性癌表现为浸润性生长的软组织肿块,内可见“筛状”改变.腺泡状软组织肉瘤为不均匀软组织肿块,病灶中央及周边有流空血管为其特征性影像学表现.结论 颞下窝原发性肿瘤少见,熟悉其影像学特点有利于提高诊断及鉴别诊断水平.     

CT与MRI增强扫描在软骨肉瘤诊断中的应用及鉴别价值

目的：探究对软骨肉瘤进行CT与MRI增强扫描的临床诊断意义与鉴别价值。方法选自2010～2012年经病理证实的软骨肉瘤患者共50例,对其进行CT与MRI增强扫描诊断,归纳其应用方法与临床意义。结果 CT表现如下：14例患者表现为高分化普通髓腔型、2例患者表现为透明细胞型、余下34例患者则表现有骨质破坏伴分叶状软组织肿块;MRI表现如下：20例患者表现为高分化普通髓腔型,且呈现出长T1和T2为主的混杂信号、表现出不均匀分隔状强化患者有10例、6例患者为黏液型,表现出主要为长T1长T2的混杂信号、2例患者为透明细胞型,表现出主要为长T1长T2的混杂信号、表现为间质型以及不均匀分隔状强化患者各有2例;在其软组织肿块里面能够见到长T1和短T2信号分隔状况。结论对软骨肉瘤应用CT和MRI增强扫描能够准确的推断出其病理学类型,能够让临床治疗更具有针对性,具有重要意义。     

Primary spinal chondrosarcoma: radiological manifestations with histopathological correlation in eight patients and literature review

PurposeThe aim of this study was to delineate radiological–pathological correlation in primary vertebral chondrosarcoma.MethodsEight histopathologically confirmed cases were analyzed for pathological and radiological characteristics.ResultsMagnetic resonance images of three conventional and one clear cell cases showed lobulated or irregular masses with line or septa enhancement. Two conventional lesions showed signal intensity of high water content on T2-weighted images, in which aneurismal bone cysts were confirmed. The myxoid lesion showed a relatively diffuse signal and enhancement. Marked masses were found in the two mesenchymal patients, either dumbbell-like or round-like.ConclusionPrimary spinal chondrosarcomas have certain radiological findings that may correlate to the pathological subtypes.     

鼻眶部软骨肉瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的探讨鼻眶部软骨肉瘤的CT和MRI表现,提高其诊断准确性.方法回顾性分析12例经病理证实的鼻眶部软骨肉瘤的影像学资料.结果12例中起源于鼻腔4例,鼻窦5例,眼眶3例.普通型软骨肉瘤8例,去分化型和间叶型软骨肉瘤各2例.CT表现：肿瘤呈卵圆形2例,分叶形6例,不规则形4例;内见散在点、环、结节、斑片状或不定型钙化;边界清楚9例,模糊3例;3例增强后呈不均匀低度强化.7例鼻软骨肉瘤出现骨质破坏,并侵犯周围结构;眼眶软骨肉瘤骨质破坏1例,并侵犯同侧额部.MRI表现：普通型和去分化型软骨肉瘤在T1WI上表现为低信号6例（与脑组织比较,以下同）,等信号4例,T2WI表现为高信号8例,等信号2例,信号不均匀,内见散在低信号区,增强后呈轻到中度不均匀强化,其中5例普通型软骨肉瘤边缘及间隔呈明显强化,内部不强化,呈斑驳状3例,蜂窝状2例;间叶型软骨肉瘤在T1、T2WI均呈等信号,增强后呈均匀和不均匀显著强化各1例.结论CT是鼻眶部软骨肉瘤诊断和鉴别的主要影像检查方法;典型间隔及边缘强化的MRI表现也能够提示诊断,MRI可更清楚、准确地显示病变侵犯的范围,为治疗提供可靠依据.     

MRI of spinal epidural lymphoma

We reviewed the MRI features in eight patients with spinal epidural lymphoma (clinically primary in 4 patients); one patient had multiple lesions. The cervical spine was involved in one patient, the thoracolumbar spine in 5 and the sacrum in two. Mean longitudinal extension of the epidural lesion was 2.6 vertebral segments. The tumours were homogeneously isointense with the spinal cord on T1-weighted images and isointense or hyperintense on proton-density and T2-weighted images. The spinal cord was compressed in four patients but showed signal changes in only one. In five patients the lesions communicated through the intervertebral formaina with paravertebral soft tissue masses. In all but one of the patients diffuse signal changes in the vertebral body marrow consistent with osteolytic or osteobalstic changes were identified adjacent to or at distance from the epidural lesion. Vertebral collapse was observed in two patients.     

MRI、CT诊断脊椎转移瘤的比较分析

目的:探讨脊椎转移瘤的MRI及CT征象,以提高脊椎转移瘤的早期诊断率。方法:对138例脊椎转移瘤患者进行MRI与CT检查,比较脊椎转移瘤在MRI和CT上的表现。结果:138例脊椎转移瘤共发现399个椎体异常,237处椎管受累,190处椎旁软组织肿块,178处病理性骨折。MRI表现为T1加权低信号74%(294/399);T2加权表现为高信号62%(249/399);脂肪抑制T2加权表现为高信号86%(344/399)。CT检出273处病灶表现为不同形态的骨质破坏,溶骨型66%(179/273),成骨型24%(65/273),混合型10%(29/273)。结论:MRI的敏感性和特异性高于CT,MRI和CT联合应用可提高脊椎转移瘤诊断的敏感性和准确性。     

The imaging of cartilaginous bone tumours. II. Chondrosarcoma

Chondrosarcoma is the third most common primary malignant bone tumour. There are various histological subtypes of chondrosarcomas, of which conventional intramedullary chondrosarcoma is by far the most common. Rarer sub-types include clear cell chondrosarcoma, myxoid chondrosarcoma, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma and dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. Chondrosarcoma is also classified into central, peripheral and periosteal, dependent upon the lesion site, and into primary chondrosarcoma if the lesion arises de novo and secondary chondrosarcoma if the tumour arises in a pre-existing lesion. The various subtypes of chondrosarcoma have characteristic imaging features that may aid diagnosis and may guide biopsy, therefore potentially preventing misdiagnosis. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the pertinent clinical and imaging findings of the different forms of chondrosarcoma.     

几种影像方法对脊柱转移瘤诊断的比较

目的 :分析 93例脊柱转移瘤的MRI、ECT、SCT、X线平片征象 ,以提高脊柱转移瘤的早期诊断率。方法 :回顾性分析 93例经手术病理或随访证实的脊柱转移瘤的MRI、ECT、SCT、X线平片表现。结果 :93例脊柱转移瘤共发现2 79个椎骨异常、184处椎管受累、12 0处椎旁软组织肿块、12 0处椎体病理性骨折。MRIT1 WI表现为低信号 73 .3 %( 198/2 70 ) ,T2 WI表现为高信号 62 .2 %( 168/2 70 ) ,FS T2 WI表现为高信号 85 .2 %( 2 3 0 /2 70 ) ;ECT检出的 2 61处病灶表现为多处放射性浓聚或单发放射性浓聚 ;CT检出 184处病灶表现为局限性或大片骨质破坏 ;X线平片检出的 92处表现为骨质破坏。结论 :MRI及ECT敏感性高于SCT和X线平片 ,MRI、SCT、X线平片特异性高于ECT ;MRI是诊断脊柱转移瘤一种高敏感性和特异性的方法 ,优于ECT、SCT、X线平片 ;脊柱转移瘤首选ECT并结合X线检查 ,必要时SCT或 /和MRI检查。     

MRI of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the orbit: case report and review of the literature

Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a relatively uncommon entity, an orbital location being extremely rare. A review of the literature revealed 16 reported cases of primary orbital mesenchymal chondrosarcoma demonstrated by plain film and CT. To the best of our knowledge, the MRI features of orbital extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma have not been previously reported. We present the case of an 18-year-old man with a 2-year history of progressive proptosis of the right eye who underwent CT, dynamic CT, MRI without and with gadolinium enhancement, and magnetic resonance angiography of the orbits. CT of orbital mesenchymal chondrosarcoma demonstrates a well-defined mass with multiple areas of fine and coarse calcification and shows moderate contrast enhancement. The noncalcified portions of the mass demonstrate signal intensity lower than or equal to gray matter on T1-weighted images and are isointense to the gray matter on T2-weighted images. Dynamic CT reveals delayed contrast enhancement. MRI has proven to be a valuable diagnostic tool in the diagnosis and differentiation of well-defined intraorbital masses. By a combination of CT and MRI, it appears mesenchymal chondrosarcoma can be differentiated from other intraorbital lesions, such as cavernous hemangioma, hemangiopericytoma, orbital amyloidosis and fibrous histiocytoma. Received: 29 February 1996 Accepted: 18 June 1996     

Myxoid chondrosarcoma of the sinonasal cavity in a child: a case report.

Chondrosarcomas are malignant tumors of cartilage that rarely involve the sinonasal region, and myxoid chondrosarcoma is a rare histologic variant of chondrosarcoma that usually occurs in the soft tissue of extremities. Although several case reports and results of small series of chondrosarcomas in the sinonasal region in children are available, myxoid type chondrosarcoma is extremely rare. We recently experienced a case of low grade myxoid chondrosarcoma involving the sinonasal cavity in a 10-year-old boy, and here we report its radiologic-pathologic findings. In this case, chondroid calcification on CT and septal and marginal enhancement on MRI suggested a chondrosarcoma. Whole body PET-CT demonstrated no definite metastatic lesion and a low peak standardized uptake value primary tumor. However, no definite distinguishing imaging features were observed that distinguished low grade myxoid chondrosarcoma from conventional chondrosarcoma.