胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤并胰腺分裂症一例

报告1例胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤(IPMN)并胰腺分裂症(PD)患者。患者为老年男性,反复胰腺炎发作,早期缺乏特征性表现,再次发作时影像学检查示PD、胰头囊性病变、胰管扩张、钙化等,被误诊为PD合并假性囊肿,进一步行内镜逆行胰胆管造影检查提示IPMN合并PD可能,内镜下行主胰管括约肌切开+十二指肠副乳头括约肌切开+胰...     

超声内镜在胰管结石诊断中的价值

目的探讨超声内镜对胰管结石的诊断价值及相关治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2008年1月～2010年12月间我院收治的4例胰管结石的临床资料。结果 4例患者超声内镜检查均有慢性胰腺炎的影像学表现,胰腺内点状或弧形强回声,伴声影,胰管壁不规则,胰管扩张或囊性扩张。2例合并胰腺癌,1例合并壶腹癌,1例单纯胰管结石。治疗方法：1例行胰十二指肠切除术;1例行胆肠吻合术;1例行全麻下胰管切开取石,胰肠吻合术;1例行ERCP＋EST＋支架植入术。结论影像学检查是确诊胰管结石的主要手段,且超声内镜更具优势;胰管结石易合并胰腺癌,应该加以重视;治疗方法应根据具体情况采取不同的措施。     

内镜在胰胆管合流异常诊疗中的作用探讨

目的探讨ERCP在胰胆管合流异常中的诊断价值,评估内镜治疗的效果。方法16例胰胆管合流异常（PBM）患者,通过ERCP造影进行PBM分型,结合临床症状,分析引起相关疾病的机制、影像特点,根据合并的其它胰胆疾病,选择适当的内镜取石、扩张或引流等治疗,观察治疗效果。结果16例胰胆管合流异常患者多伴有腹痛、呕吐、黄疸等症状,及转氨酶和／或淀粉酶水平的升高。其中,Ⅰ型（B—P型）7例,Ⅱ型（P—B型）5例,Ⅲ型（复杂型）4例;合并胆总管囊肿扩张10例,无扩张者5例,胆管癌并狭窄1例;伴有胆管结石11例（4例为蛋白栓）、胰管结石2例（1例不伴胆管结石）。9例予内镜下胆管取石,2例胰管取石,术中置入胆道支架引流7例,行鼻胆管引流3例,胰管支架置入5例,胆道金属支架置人1例。术后临床症状均明显缓解。结论ERCP是一种可靠的诊断手段,其分型与PBM相关疾病表现有明显相关,选择性、暂时性的内镜治疗在外科术前是有效的、必要的。     

胰腺癌前病变诊断和治疗

目的 通过对7例胰腺癌前病变患者的临床诊断和治疗分析,探讨此类疾病诊断方法的应用及治疗策略.方法 收集2006年1月-2007年12月92例手术治疗胰腺肿瘤中有癌前病变的7例患者,其中黏液囊腺瘤(MCN)1例、导管内乳头状黏液瘤(IPMN)2例、胰腺内分泌肿瘤1例、胰腺上皮内瘤变(PanIN)Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级及Ⅲ级各1例.采用免疫荧光分析法测定患者血清CA19-9.7例上腹部均行超声和螺旋CT检查;1例行超声内镜检查及穿刺;2例行逆行胰胆管造影检查.结果 胰腺癌前病变临床表现不典型,影像学检查常无实质性肿块,但PanIN可伴有胰管扩张、狭窄;IPMN在胰头处可表现为囊性扩张的胰管;囊腺瘤等在胰体尾处可表现为单个孤立的囊肿.肿瘤指标CA19-9在此类疾病中可轻度增高.但对诊断作用有限.手术切除可治愈,并可防止肿瘤的进一步癌变.结论 对疑为胰腺癌前病变患者需积极选用多种影像学方法进行诊断,并予以积极的手术探查及切除.     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤内镜超声诊断一例

患者女,65岁.因"反复中上腹疼痛2月余"入院.疼痛向腰背部放射,与体位、进食无关,伴脂肪泻,进食油腻食物后明显,但无黏液、脓血便,当地医院腹部超声示胰腺肿胀伴主胰管扩张,CT示胰腺肿胀伴周围渗出,伴胆总管下端及胰头部胰管扩张,脾脏肿大,诊断为"胰体尾占位",给予对症治疗无明显好转而入我院.入院后查血常规、肝肾功能、IgG4及CEA、CA19-9均在正常范围.内镜超声(EUS)示十二指肠乳头明显肿大,胰头部见一囊性占位,内见团块状高回声隆起,约3.4cm×2.6cm,伴后方胰管扩张,胰体尾部组织萎缩,胆总管未见明显扩张,未见肿大淋巴结.诊断胰头部囊性占位,性质待定(IPMN待排).为明确诊断行ERCP,见十二指肠内侧大量胶冻样黏液流出,覆盖副乳头区域,冲洗后见部分肿瘤组织.于十二指肠降部找到主乳头,乳头开口绒毛状;循导丝于副乳头插管,插管造影示全程胰管明显扩张,内见大量密度不均匀充盈缺损影.插入取石气囊,清理胰管,可见较多黏液流出.入院后16d,患者行全胰切除术,术中见全胰质地变硬,表面凹凸不平,与周围脏器无明显浸润.病理诊断为胰腺导管内乳头状黏液瘤.     

胰腺癌的内镜诊治

近年来，内镜在胰腺癌的诊治中起着越来越重要的作用，内镜结合其他检查手段及治疗方法，可大大提高胰腺癌的早期诊断及治疗率。１　内镜下逆行胰胆管造影检查 内镜下逆行胰胆管造影（ＥＲＣＰ）是将纤维十二指肠镜插至十二指肠降部，经内镜活检钳通道插入造影导管至胰管或胆管内，注入造影剂的逆行胰、胆管造影。目前已成为胰、胆疾病的重要检查手段。ＥＲＣＰ影像可归纳为梗阻型、狭窄型、混合型及胰管分支缺损型四型，其中以狭窄型和梗阻型多见。胰头癌的ＥＲＣＰ表现为主胰管截断，胆管及远侧胰管扩张，胰体尾癌常表现为胰管局限性狭窄…     

超声内镜与经内镜逆行胰胆管造影联合治疗胆胰疾病

经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)作为消化内镜主要手段,在一些胆胰疾病的微创治疗方面起到重要作用,在胆管狭窄、胰管狭窄的减压治疗、胰瘘的治疗等方面,ERCP的胆管内引流术及外引流术、胰管支架植入术等起关键的作用。近年由于介入超声内镜(EUS)技术的进步,当ERCP插管未成功,或手术后解剖结构改变而传统ERCP无法完成胆管、胰管的减压时,还可以通过EUS引导下穿刺及支架植入术完成胆胰管的减压,为其治疗开辟新的领域,同时也体现EUS与ERCP在胆胰疾病治疗中起到的互补作用。     

胆胰管良恶性梗阻的双支架联合引流

目的 探讨胆、胰管良恶性狭窄或梗阻时内镜双支架联合引流的操作技术及其临床疗效。方法 所有患者先行经内镜逆行胰胆管造影，了解胆、胰管狭窄或梗阻的部位、程度，并确定置入支架的外径及长度；然后胆、胰管分别置入导丝，并在导丝引导下按常规分别置入胆管和胰管引流支架。术后观察血清淀粉酶变化及黄疸、腹痛、腹泻等临床症状的改善情况。结果 14例胆、胰管并存狭窄或梗阻患者（壶腹癌5例、胰头癌4例、乳头部癌3例及胰头部慢性炎症2例）均一次操作成功，置入胆管塑料支架14根（12例1根，1例2根），置入金属支架1根；同时还置入胰管支架14根。术后2周、1个月及3个月黄疸消失率分别为50．0％、71．0％和93．0％，术后2周上腹痛缓解率为75．0％；7例腹泻患者，术后1个月5例症状消失，2例明显减轻。未发生与操作相关的早期并发症，术后3个月未发现支架移位及阻塞情况。结论 胆、胰管良恶性狭窄患者经内镜双支架联合引流是一种简便、安全、有效的治疗方法，既能解除黄疸，又能减压止痛，改善胰腺外分泌功能。     

ERCP诊治胆管乳头状瘤

目的 探讨ERCP在诊治胆管乳头状瘤中的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2008年12月ERCP检查时发现的6例胆管乳头状瘤患者的临床资料.结果 6例患者中男性3例,女性3例,年龄52～83岁,平均72.8岁.患者均表现为复发性胆管炎或黄疸,其中表现为持续性右上腹疼痛5例,腹痛伴有皮肤、巩膜黄染4例,伴有寒战、高热3例.2例曾行部分肝叶切除术.5例在内镜下可见十二指肠乳头肿大,肿大的乳头开口类似鱼嘴样改变;1例见乳头占位性病变;乳头内均可见透明胶冻状粘液流出.造影下6例均表现为胆总管扩张,合并肝外胆管扩张3例,合并右肝内胆管扩张、主胰管扩张各1例.扩张的胆管内可见不规则、絮状飘浮的充盈缺损影,取石球囊清理胆道时常可见充盈缺损形状改变.5例多次行ERCP术,于内镜下置入内支架或行鼻胆管引流术(ENBD),已存活10～30个月.1例83岁患者球囊、网篮清理胆道、ENBD 10 d后死于胆管炎.结论 ERCP在胆管乳头状瘤诊断中具有典型的内镜学及影像学特征;对于术后复发或失去手术机会的患者,内镜下治疗是一种安全、方便、有效的方法.     

胰头部囊腺瘤局部切除术前内镜下置入胆胰管支架的安全性及疗效分析

为探讨内镜逆行胰胆管造影（endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography，ERCP）下胆胰管支架置入联合胰腺局部切除术（enucleation，En）治疗胰头部囊腺瘤的安全性与临床疗效，回顾性分析2020年1月—2023年1月杭州市第一人民医院行ERCP+En（ERCP+En组，n=11）与En（En组，n=12）治疗的胰头部囊腺瘤患者临床资料，对比两组一般情况、术中情况、围术期并发症、住院时间及随访结果。两组患者一般资料差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。ERCP+En组中，ERCP置入胆胰管支架顺利，术后出现高淀粉酶血症3例，经保守治疗好转。两组En术中均无中转开腹、输血发生，术后均无严重并发症。ERCP+En组与En组术后B/C级胰瘘分别为0例和3例（P=0.001），中位住院时间分别为11 d和15 d，差异有统计学意义（U=2.25，P=0.031）；两组中位En时间（145 min比155 min，U=0.03，P=0.952）、中位术中出血量（100 mL比120 mL，U=0.05，P=0.784）差异无统计学意义。中位随访18个月，两组患者均无复发，ERCP+En组无胆胰管狭窄发生，En组中2例发生胰管狭窄，1例发生胆管狭窄。内镜下胆胰管支架置入联合En治疗胰头部囊腺瘤可有效减少术后胰瘘，避免远期胆胰管狭窄等并发症。     

A case of minimal invasive carcinoma from intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas]

A 69-year-old man was referred to our hospital for epigastralgia. He was found to have elevation of serum amylase and CA19-9. Ultrasonography, abdominal CT, MRCP, ERCP and EUS showed the cystic lesion and a possibility of an other tumor. There was a stenosis of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) at the pancreas head and dilatation of the MPD from the body to the tail. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the branch pancreatic duct was diagnosed, and there was a likelihood of ductal carcinoma of the pancreas. We therefore performed pancreatoduodenectomy. Pathological finding showed invasive carcinoma from an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas.     

Coexisting Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis and Mixed-type Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm

An 84-year-old man was referred to our hospital for a cystic lesion of the pancreatic head, swelling of the pancreatic tail and hilar biliary stricture, resulting in elevated liver enzyme levels. We suspected branch duct-type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) and type I autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) associated with sclerosing cholangitis because of the high serum IgG4 levels. The main pancreatic duct on the tail side of the AIP lesion was moderately dilated. Although the biliary stricture and pancreatic swelling improved after prednisolone treatment, the pancreatic enzyme levels increased rapidly. The entire main pancreatic duct exhibited remarkable dilatation, which led to the diagnosis of mixed-type IPMN. The clinical characteristics of IPMN in the main pancreatic duct appear to have been initially masked by AIP.     

DIRECT PERORAL CHOLANGIOSCOPY AND PANCREATOSCOPY FOR DIAGNOSIS OF A PANCREATOBILIARY FISTULA CAUSED BY AN INTRADUCTAL PAPILLARY MUCINOUS NEOPLASM OF THE PANCREAS: A CASE REPORT

Here, we report a case of a pancreatobiliary (PB) fistula caused by an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas. The PB fistula was suspected after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and diagnosed after direct visualization with a direct peroral cholangioscopy and pancreatoscopy by using an ultra‐slim endoscope. No previous reports exist on the precise diagnosis of a PB fistula with direct peroral cholangioscopy and pancreatoscopy. In our case report, a 69‐year‐old man underwent an ERCP because of a pancreatic head mass and biliary tract obstruction. During ERCP, a fistula between the common bile duct (CBD) and main pancreatic duct (MPD) was suspected. After endoscopic sphincterotomy, we examined both the CBD and MPD with an ultra‐slim videoendoscope (GIF‐N260; Olympus Optical Co, Tokyo, Japan) under direct visualization and biopsy of the mass. The analysis of the biopsy specimen confirmed this mass to be an IPMN of the pancreas. When we examined the CBD, one fistula with copious mucin secretion was identified at the distal CBD. In conclusion, direct peroral cholangioscopy and pancreatoscopy using the ultra‐slim endoscope is an efficient tool for diagnosis of PB fistula and pancreatic IPMN.     

Mass forming chronic pancreatitis mimicking pancreatic cystic neoplasm: A case report

Mass forming chronic pancreatitis is very rare. Diagnosis could be done by the pathologic findings of focal inflammatory fibrosis without evidence of tumor in pancreas. A 34-year-old man presented with right upper abdominal pain for a few weeks and slightly elevated bilirubin level on clinical findings. Radiological findings of multidetector-row computed tomography, magnetic resonance(MR) imaging with MR cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasonography revealed focal branch pancreatic duct dilatation with surrounding delayed enhancing solid component at uncinate process and head of pancreas, suggesting branch duct type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. Surgery was done and pathology revealed the focal chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and branch duct dilatation. Herein, I would like to report the first case report of mass forming chronic pancreatitis mimicking pancreatic cystic neoplasm.     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液瘤

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液瘤（IPMN）是由胰腺导管内产生黏液的上皮细胞呈乳头状增殖形成的肿瘤。与经典的胰腺癌相比,IPMN具有低度恶性、生长缓慢、少有侵犯周围组织、淋巴结转移率和再发率低的特点。IPMN根据肿瘤累及的部位可分为主胰管型、分支胰管型和混合型,病理组织特征涵盖从单纯腺瘤到浸润癌等多个亚型,临床表现多样,多种影像学检查手段可显示弥漫性或节段性扩张的主胰管和囊状扩张的分支胰管,ERCP经扩大的乳头获取黏液和胰液,取胰腺导管内皮组织和壁结节供活检均有助于诊断。IPMN确诊后应积极手术,手术切除率高,术后5年生存率高于一般的胰腺癌。本文就其临床表现、分类、病理特征、影像学诊断和治疗等方面做一综述。     

Localized type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis superimposed upon preexisting intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms

A 70-year-old woman was found to have 2 cystic lesions in the head of the pancreas on abdominal ultrasonography during a routine medical examination.Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed multilocular cysts in the head of the pancreas without dilation of the main pancreatic duct.The patient was followed-up semiannually with imaging studies for suspected branch duct-type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(IPMN).At 3 years after initial presentation,hypoechoic lesions were observed around each pancreatic cyst by EUS.Diffusion-weighted imaging showed high-intensity regions corresponding to these lesions.Therefore,a diagnosis of invasive carcinoma derived from IPMN could not be excluded,and subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed.The macroscopic examination of the surgical specimen showed whitish solid masses in the head of the pancreas,with multilocular cysts within each mass.Microscopically,each solid mass consisted of inflammatory cells such as lymphocytes and plasma cells.Furthermore,immunochemical staining revealed immunoglobulin G4-positive cells,and many obliterating phlebitides were observed.The cysts consisted of mucus-producing epithelial cells and showed a papillary growth pattern.Based on these findings,we diagnosed multiple localized type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis occurring only in the vicinity of the branch ducttype IPMN.     

MRCP and MRI findings in 9 patients with autoimmune pancreatitis

AIM: To evaluate magnetic resonance cholangiopancre-atography (MRCP) findings in conjunction with magnetic resonance (MR) images in autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) patients. METHODS: Nine patients with AIP underwent MRI, MRCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), computed tomography, and ultrasonography. The MRCP and MR images taken before and after steroid therapy were reviewed and compared with other imaging modalities. The MRCP findings of the AIP cases were compared to those of 10 cases with carcinoma of the head of the pancreas. RESULTS: On MRCP, the narrowed portion of the main pancreatic duct noted on ERCP was not visualized, while the non-involved segments of the main pancreatic duct were visualized. The degree of upstream dilatation of the proximal main pancreatic duct was milder than that seen in cases of pancreatic carcinoma. Stenosis or obstruction of the lower bile duct was detected in 8 patients. MR images showed enlargement of the pancreas with decreased signal intensity on T1-weighted MR images, increased signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images, and, in 3 patients, a hypointense capsule-like rim. After steroid therapy, the previously not visualized portion of the main pancreatic duct was seen, along with improvement of the bile duct stenosis. Pancreatic enlargement decreased, and the abnormal signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted MR images became isointense. CONCLUSION: MRCP cannot differentiate irregular narrowing of the main pancreatic duct seen with AIP from stenosis of the main pancreatic duct seen with pancreatic carcinoma. However, MRCP findings in conjunction with MR imaging of pancreatic enlargement that shows abnormal signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted MR images are useful in supporting a diagnosis of AIP.     

Laparoscopic resection of synchronous intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms: A case report

We describe herein a 68-year-old woman who was diagnosed with a quite rare entity of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) occurring simultaneously in the left lateral lobe of liver and the tail of pancreas. Abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed a cystic dilatation of the pancreatic duct in the pancreatic tail, which suggested an IPMN, and multiple intrahepatic duct stones in the left lateral lobe. The patient underwent a laparoscopic left lateral hepatolobectomy and spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy. Intra-operative finding of massive mucin in the dilated bile duct implied an intraductal mucinous tumor in the liver. The diagnosis of synchronous IPMNs in the liver and pancreas was confirmed by pathological examination. The patient was followed up for 6 mo without signs of recurrence. Although several cases of IPMN of liver without any pancreatic association have been reported, the simultaneous occurrence of IPMNs in the liver and pancreas is very rare. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first reported case treated by laparoscopic resection.     

自身免疫性胰腺炎的影像特征及其诊断价值

目的 探讨自身免疫性胰腺炎(AIP)的影像特征及其在AIP诊断中的价值.方法 回顾性分析13例AIP患者的影像和临床资料.结果 11例AIP表现为胰腺弥漫性肿大,2例胰头局限性肿大.CT平扫病变密度均均匀.4例在MR T1WI上信号降低、T2WI上信号轻度升高,增强后动脉期病变轻度强化,门脉期及延迟期进一步强化.9例胰腺周围有包膜样结构.横轴位图像上肝内外胆管扩张、胆总管胰腺段狭窄或闭塞10例,胰管未显影11例.6例行MRCP者有4例显示胆总管胰腺段较大范围狭窄或闭塞,胰管节段性狭窄.7例ERCP显示胰管弥漫性、不规则狭窄.胰周静脉受累8例,肾脏多发低密度灶6例,腹膜后纤维化2例,肝门部胆管狭窄1例,肺间质病变1例,强直性脊柱炎1例.结论 AIP的影像学征象具有一定特征性,影像检查在AIP诊断中起重要作用.识别胰腺外脏器受累对正确诊断AIP有帮助.