慢性乙型肝炎、肝硬化患者肝组织病毒载量与肝组织损伤程度的关系

目的了解慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）、肝硬化患者肝内HBV载量的变化与肝组织损伤程度的关系及其对该类患者的预后意义。方法经血清学及肝穿刺病理组织学证实为CHB 46例,经血清学及影像学确诊、手术获得的肝硬化标本17例。采用实时荧光载量系统检测血清及肝组织HBV DNA载量,并观察肝组织炎症及纤维化程度。结果 （1）肝硬化组血清HBV DNA载量低于HBeAg阳性CHB组（P〈0.01）、高于HBeAg阴性CHB组（P〈0.001）;肝硬化组肝组织HBV DNA载量低于HBeAg阳性及HBeAg阴性CHB组（P〈0.001、P〈0.01）;HBeAg阳性及阴性CHB组的肝组织HBV DNA载量均高于血清HBV DNA载量（P〈0.05、P〈0.01）,肝硬化组肝组织HBV DNA载量低于血清（P〈0.001）。（2）CHB、肝硬化血清HBV DNA载量与肝组织的炎症及纤维化程度呈正相关（P〈0.05）,肝组织HBV DNA载量则与肝组织的炎症及纤维化程度呈明显负相关（P〈0.05）。结论肝组织HBV DNA较血清HBV DNA载量更能准确反映肝内HBV复制水平、肝组织损伤程度以及CHB、CHB肝硬化的进展程度。     

慢性乙型肝炎急性加重患者自然恢复和抗病毒过程中乙型肝炎表面抗原的动力学变化

目的 了解慢性乙型肝炎急性加重患者自然恢复和短期抗病毒干预过程中的乙型肝炎表面抗原定量(HBsAg)动力学变化趋势. 方法 慢性乙型肝炎急性加重接受恩替卡韦抗HBV治疗的39例患者为A组,未接受任何抗HBV治疗的22例患者为B组,分别在入院时(基线)、极期[终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分分值最高时]、恢复期(出院前)计算MELD评分,并检测HBV DNA载量和HBsAg定量,分别比较两组之间疾病三个时期的MELD评分、HBV DNA载量和HBsAg定量;并且进行同一组内三个时期之间的两两比较.两组间均数比较采用t检验,两组内均数的两两比较采用配对t检验的BONFERRONI法,计数资料(n＜40)采用Fisher精确概率法检验.结果 A组入院时、极期、恢复期HBsAg定量分别为(3.68±0.45)log10COI,(3.84±0.19)log10COI和(3.69±0.58) log10COI;B组HBsAg定量分别为(3.59±0.54) log10COI,(3.47±0.76)log10COI和(3.43±0.68)log10COI.A组和B组之间疾病三个时期MELD评分、HBV DNA载量和HBsAg定量比较,除A组HBV DNA极期和恢复期水平低于B组外(P值均＜0.05),其余差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞ 0.05).抗HBV治疗组中,MELD评分于基线和极期均高于恢复期水平(P=0.000),但基线和极期比较,差异无统计学意义(P=1.000);HBV DNA载量自基线、极期至恢复期逐渐下降,两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜ 0.05);HBsAg定量三者之间两两比较,差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞ 0.05).非抗HBV治疗组中,MELD评分基线和极期均高于恢复期水平(P=0.000),但基线和极期比较,差异无统计学意义(P=1.000);HBV DNA载量基线和极期均高于恢复期水平(P值分别为0.000和0.003),但基线和极期比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.619);HBsAg定量三者之间两两比较,差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05). 结论 慢性乙型肝炎急性加重患者自然康复过程中,HBsAg定量没有变化;即使进行短期抗HBV治疗干预,HBsAg定量也不受影响.     

苦参素治疗低病毒载量慢性乙型肝炎患者的疗效观察

目的 观察序贯应用苦参素胶囊和苦参素注射液治疗低病毒载量慢性乙型肝炎的疗效.方法 选择60例低病毒载量慢性乙型肝炎患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组各30例,对照组给予常规保肝治疗,治疗组同时序贯应用苦参素胶囊和苦参素注射液治疗,总疗程24周,观察两组治疗4、12、24周时的ALT、HBV DNA转阴率及HBeAg/抗-HBe血清转换率.结果 治疗组在改善肝功能、HBV DNA转阴率及HBeAg/抗-HBe血清转换率方面优于对照组.结论 序贯应用苦参素胶囊和苦参素注射液治疗低病毒载量慢性乙型肝炎患者可以获得较高的应答率.     

慢性乙型肝炎免疫致病机制和免疫治疗现状

核苷类似物和干扰素等抗病毒药物已被广泛应用于慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)的临床治疗,并取得了一定疗效.然而现有的抗病毒药物虽可显著抑制HBV复制,但却不能完全清除体内的共价闭合环状DNA(cccDNA),难以持久恢复患者的抗病毒免疫功能,导致HBsAg长期存在.因此,要实现HBsAg血清学转化,清除慢性HBV感染患者体内cccDNA,必须依靠患者特异性抗病毒免疫能力的恢复.     

西藏地区60例慢性乙型肝炎患者病毒基因分型及分布特点

目的 了解西藏地区HBV基因型分型及分布特点.方法 选择2000年1月至2004年3月西藏地区HBsAg阳性的藏族HBV感染者60例.采用S基因序列分析法检测HBV基因型,并分析相应的前C/C区基因序列特点.结果 60例HBV样本基因型中,59例为Dc混合型,1例为Dbc混合型,其前C/C基因与B、C基因型均发生重组.结论 本次调查HBV基因型为Dc混合型和Dbc混合型,无纯D型及其他基因型.     

难治性慢性乙型肝炎

"难治性慢性乙型肝炎"的定义:符合慢性乙型肝炎的诊断标准,因各种原因/因素导致在现有指南或建议治疗方案指导下,使用了包括核苷(酸)类似物和(或)干扰素在内的抗HBV药物治疗失败或疗效不佳、或不规范抗病毒治疗所致、或已有循证医学依据证实疗效不佳的慢性乙型肝炎.难治性慢性乙型肝炎概念的提出,有利于乙型肝炎患者接受临床规范化...     

干扰素治疗慢性乙型肝炎研究进展

乙型肝炎病毒（hepatitis B virus,HBV）感染是全球性的公共卫生问题,中国是感染HBV人数最多的国家。HBV感染后,免疫系统不能及时有效地清除病毒,机体免疫耐受导致慢性乙型肝炎（chronic hepatitis B,CHB）。CHB可导致肝硬化、肝衰竭、肝癌等,严重危害人群健康。干扰素（interferon,IFN）是治疗CHB的一线药物,具有提高功能性治愈率、可安全停药、实现持续的非治疗性免疫反应、降低肝癌发生率及避免耐药的发生等优势,可延缓CHB患者病程进展,改善患者生活质量。本文将从IFN的作用机制、优势、治疗模式、治疗前景等方面进行综述,以期为临床实践提高干扰素抗病毒疗效提供依据。     

乙型肝炎患者血清HBeAg和抗-HBe与HBV DNA定量的关系

目的分析比较HBV血清标志物HBe Ag与抗-HBe同时阳性、同时阴性及单独阳性患者的病毒复制情况。方法采用电化学发光法检测HBV血清标志物,从中筛选出HBe Ag与抗-HBe同时阳性或均为阴性以及HBe Ag单独阳性或抗-HBe单独阳性的标本,检测该类标本HBV DNA定量值。计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验。结果检测447例患者HBV血清标志物,所有患者HBs Ag均为阳性。HBe Ag与抗-HBe同时阳性患者32例,阳性率为7.16%,其中HBV DNA5×102拷贝/ml占84.38%,5×102拷贝/mlHBV DNA1×104拷贝/ml占12.50%,1×104拷贝/mlHBV DNA1×107拷贝/ml占3.13%;HBe Ag与抗-HBe同时阳性组的HBV DNA含量分布低于HBe Ag单独阳性组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.21,P0.01);抗-HBe阳性组的HBV DNA含量分布低于抗-HBe阴性组(χ2=74.12,P0.01);HBe Ag阴性的患者218例,HBV DNA1×104拷贝/ml共9例(4.13%)。结论HBe Ag与抗-HBe同时阳性过去认为是不常见模式,但临床上并不少见,且病毒复制处于较高水平的仍占一定比例;当抗-HBe出现后,病毒复制减弱。血清HBe Ag阴性情况下,部分患者病毒仍存在较高水平复制。因此,HBe Ag存在与否不能作为抗病毒、疗效评价、传染性强弱的依据。     

不同病毒载量的慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血树突状细胞的表型和功能

目的观察研究不同HBV DNA载量的CHB患者外周血DC表型及功能变化,探讨HBV在DC成熟障碍中的作用机制。方法筛选血清HBV DNA>10~5拷贝/ml且无其他肝脏疾病及自身免疫性疾病的CHB患者28例。所有病例予核苷类似物抗病毒治疗24周。治疗前后测定外周血HBV DNA并经肝穿刺明确肝组织病理状态。将治疗前患者设为高载量组(HBV DNA>10~5拷贝/ml),共28例;治疗后患者设为低载量组(HBV DNA<10~3拷贝/ml),共25例。从患者外周血分离单核细胞,体外诱导培养DC。用流式细胞仪测定DC表型,MTT法测定DC对同种异体淋巴细胞的刺激增殖作用,ELISA法测定DC分泌IL-12和IL-10的量。同时以10名健康人作对照。结果DC在体外经细胞因子的刺激可明显增殖,但CHB患者DC的扩增数量、速度低于正常人。DC表面标记:正常人的HLA-DR、CD86、CD80和CD83表达阳性率均大于80%,显著高于两组CHB患者;不同HBV DNA载量的两组CHB患者间差异无统计学意义。两组CHB患者的DE在混合淋巴细胞反应中的刺激能力差异无统计学意义,但明显低于正常对照组。CHB患者和正常人DC上清液中IL-10的量,各组间差异无统计学意义;高载量组与低载量组纯DC培养和混合淋巴细胞反应上清液中IL-12量的差异无统计学意义,而分别明显低于正常人DC。结论在HBV持续感染期间,CHB患者DC的表型变化及功能下调与外周血HBV DNA载量间差异无统计学意义。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者12周自发性HBV DNA水平变化分析

目的 分析慢性乙型肝炎患者12周内自发性HBV DNA水平下降情况.方法 回顾性分析2003-2005年未接受抗病毒药物治疗的慢性乙型肝炎患者12周内自发性HBV DNA水平下降情况,并根据患者基线ALT、总胆红素(TBil)水平进行分组,分析基线ALT、TBil对自发性HBVDNA水平下降的影响.两组间计量资料比较采用t检验或Wilcoxon符号秩和检验;多组数据均值比较采用方差分析;组间率的比较采用x2检验.结果 共收集213例慢性乙型肝炎患者,男性174例,女性39例,年龄18～65(33.0±10.0)岁.其中慢性乙型肝炎轻～中度124例,慢性乙型肝炎重度89例;12周时失访19例(8.92%).所有患者HBV DNA基线均值为(6.66±1.03)log10拷贝/ml,12周时为(5.98±1.53)log10拷贝/ml(P<0.01).慢性乙型肝炎重度患者基线时HBVDNA水平均值低于慢性乙型肝炎轻～中度患者,分别为(6.45±0.99)log10拷贝/ml与(6.81±1.04)log10拷贝/ml(P<0.05);但两组12周时HBV DNA水平均值及HBV DNA水平下降值的差异均无统计学意义.12周时HBV DNA≤3 log10拷贝/ml患者的基线ALT及TBil值高于HBVDNA>3 log10拷贝/ml组,但差异均无统计学意义.12周时HBV DNA水平下降值≥2 log10拷贝/ml与<2 log10拷贝/ml两组患者的基线ALT、TBil水平相近(P>0.05).基线ALT水平≤5倍正常值上限(ULN)与>5×ULN两组患者12周时HBV DNA水平均值及HBV DNA水平下降值的差异均无统计学意义;两组患者12周时HBV DNA≤3 log10拷贝/ml、HBV DNA水平下降值≥2 log10拷贝/ml的比例,差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05).基线时ALT≤5 × ULN及TBil≤5×ULN组HBV DNA水平均值高于其他3组(P<0.05),但12周时各组HBV DNA水平均值、HBV DNA下降值比较,差异无统计学意义. 结论 慢性乙型肝炎患者12周内存在一定程度的自发性HBV DNA水平下降,但肝脏炎症损伤程度与患者12周内自发性HBV DNA水平下降程度无明显的相关性.     

A higher alanine aminotransferase level correlates with earlier hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion in lamivudine‐treated chronic hepatitis B patients

Background/Aims: A pretherapy serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level above five times the upper limit of normal (ULN) is known to predict hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B patients. However, whether an even higher pretherapy serum ALT value or other viral factors could affect treatment responses remains unclear. Patients and methods: A total of 253 HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B patients who had a pretherapy serum ALT level over five times ULN and received lamivudine for 12–18 months were retrospectively collected. Among these patients, 38% had received prior lamivudine treatment. HBeAg seroconversion was the primary endpoint of treatment. Baseline clinical and viral features were compared between responders and non‐responders at the end of treatment and 6 months post‐treatment. Results: At the end of therapy, the overall HBeAg seroconversion rate was 33.6%. For lamivudine‐naïve patients, the HBeAg seroconversion rate was 37.8%. Subgroup analysis showed that patients with pretherapy ALT levels over 10 times ULN had a significantly higher HBeAg seroconversion rate than those with a pretherapy ALT level between five and 10 times ULN at 3 months (P=0.045) and 6 months (P=0.037) of lamivudine treatment. No significant difference was found in terms of pretherapy serum ALT values, viral load and genotypes between seroconverters and non‐seroconverters. Conclusions: For lamivudine‐treated HBeAg‐positive patients with pretherapy ALT levels over five times ULN, an even higher ALT level could predict earlier HBeAg seroconversion; however, neither ALT levels nor viral factors correlate with higher response rates after 12–18 months of treatment.     

双环醇治疗慢性乙型肝炎的临床研究

初步探讨双环醇治疗慢性乙型肝炎的保肝、抗病毒效果 ,并比较双环醇对不同基因型的乙肝患者的疗效。选取 33例慢性乙型肝炎患者 ,口服双环醇 2 5mg每日 3次 ,6个月。治疗前测乙型肝炎病毒基因型 ,治疗结束后分析不同基因型乙肝患者ALT、AST、HBeAg、HBVDNA变化。复常率ALT2 1例 (6 3 6 % ) ,AST15例 (4 5 5 % ) ,转阴率HBeAg :11例 (33 3% ) ,HBVDNA :9例 (2 7 3% )。B型和C型抗病毒总有效率分别是 5例 (4 1 7% )、8例 (4 0 0 % )。双环醇治疗慢性乙型肝炎有较好的保护肝细胞抑制乙肝病毒的效果。基因型B型和C型患者对双环醇疗效比较无显著差异     

乙型肝炎病毒基因型与病毒复制的关系

检测慢性乙型肝炎患者血清乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)基因型和病毒载量(HBV-DNA定量),探讨它们之间的关系。用微板核酸杂交-ELISA方法对HBV进行基因分型,用PCR荧光定量检测血清HBV-DNA水平,共318例。检测到HBV B型111例(35％);C型128(40％);混合型(B+C,C+D,B+C+D)45例(14％);D型2例;F型2例;未分型30例(9.4％);没有发现A、E型。结果发现,C型和混合型HBV的血清DNA水平高于B型(1.14×107vs2.2×107vsl.60×106拷贝/ml,P<0.05);而混合型HBV的血清DNA水平与C型无差别(P=0.127)。研究提示,我国HBV以B,C两基因型为主,HBV基因型可能是影响HBV复制的重要因素之一。     

Natural history of chronic hepatitis B REVEALed

Chronic hepatitis B is a worldwide public health challenge. Knowledge of natural history of chronic hepatitis B is important for the management of the disease. A community-based prospective cohort study was carried out to evaluate the risk predictors of progression of chronic hepatitis B in Taiwan. A total of 23,820 participants were enrolled in 1991-1992 from seven townships in Taiwan. Their serum samples were collected at study entry and tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and e antigen (HBeAg), antibodies against hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and α-fetoprotein (AFP). A subcohort of 3653 male and female participants who were seropositive for HBsAg and seronegative for anti-HCV was included in the Risk Evaluation of Viral Load Elevation and Associated Liver Disease/Cancer-Hepatitis B Virus (REVEAL-HBV) study. Newly developed cases of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were ascertained through follow-up examination and data linkage with profiles of the National Cancer Registry, National Health Insurance Database and Death Certification System. The incidence of both HCC and cirrhosis were significantly associated with serum HBV DNA levels in a dose-response relationship from <300 (undetectable) to ≥1,000,000 copies/mL. The biological gradients remained significant (P<0.001) after adjustment for age, sex, habits of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking, HBeAg serostatus, and serum ALT level at cohort entry. A significant association with risk of cirrhosis and HCC was also observed for HBV genotype, precore G1896A mutant and basal core promoter A1762T/G1764A double mutant. Nomograms have been developed for the long-term risk prediction of cirrhosis and HCC for patients with chronic hepatitis B. Inactive carriers of HBV have an increased HCC incidence and liver-related mortality than HBsAg-seronegative controls. Serum HBV DNA level at study entry is a major predictor of spontaneous seroclearance of HBeAg, HBV DNA and HBsAg. These findings may inform the effective and efficient management of chronic hepatitis B.     

慢性乙型肝炎患者血清磷脂酰肌醇-4-磷酸酶的表达与HBV DNA载量的相关性

目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者血清磷脂酰肌醇-4-磷酸酶(PI4KA)表达与HBV载量的关系。方法收集2012年6月-2013年4月在青岛市立医院就诊的180例慢性乙型肝炎患者的血清,利用荧光定量PCR检测其HBV DNA的载量,根据其HBV DNA载量的高低,分为3组,每组60例:高病毒载量组(HBV DNA1×107拷贝/ml)、中病毒载量组(1×105拷贝/ml≤HBV DNA≤1×107拷贝/ml)及低病毒载量组(HBV DNA1×105拷贝/ml),同时以60名健康人作对照。采用ELISA法,检测各组外周血清中的PI4KA的浓度。多组间血清HBV DNA定量的比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。PI4KA水平与HBV DNA载量之间的相关性分析采用Spearman检验。结果健康人血清PI4KA的浓度为(2.29±0.75)ng/ml;低、中、高病毒载量组血清PI4KA的浓度分别为(2.73±0.71)、(3.52±0.78)及(4.72±0.77)ng/ml。慢性乙型肝炎患者不同病毒载量组与健康对照组间血清PI4KA的浓度差异有统计学意义(F=119.958,P0.01),并且不同病毒载量组都显著高于对照组。随着HBV DNA载量的升高,PI4KA的浓度增加,两者呈正相关(r=0.758,P0.01)。结论慢性乙型肝炎患者血清PI4KA的浓度与HBV DNA载量密切相关,这一结果提示PI4KA可能在HBV DNA的复制中起到重要作用。     

乙型肝炎核心相关抗原对慢性乙型肝炎患者拉米夫定耐药的预测作用

目的评价乙型肝炎核心相关抗原（HBcrAg）对慢性乙型肝炎患者拉米夫定（LAM）耐药的预测作用。方法收集2009年1月至2011年12月期间住院和门诊收治的43例慢性乙型肝炎初治患者,拉米夫定治疗≥6个月,随访≥6个月,根据随访期间HBV DNA测序结果分为耐药组2l例,非耐药组22例。分别检测各研究节点ALT、HBsAg、HBeAg、HBcrAg、HBV DNA水平。计量资料两组问比较采用独立样本t检验,方差不齐采用Mann—Whitney U检验;计数资料采用卡方检验。相关性分析采用Spearman分析。影响因素采用Logistic回归分析。结果LAM抗病毒前HBcrAg与HBV DNA水平有较好的一致性,Spearman相关系数为0．863（P〈0．001）。LAM抗病毒治疗后,外周血HBcrAg与HBV DNA水平均有所下降,但HBcrAg下降速度与幅度均低于HBV DNA。Logistic回归分析显示,随访结束时HBcrAg水平可能为LAM耐药的影响因素（P〈0．01）。HBcrAg对LAM耐药预测价值较高,ROC曲线下面积为0．872（P〈0．001）。结论LAM抗病毒前外周血HBcrAg与HBV DNA有较好的一致性,随访结束时HB—crAg水平可较好的预测LAM耐药。     

Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes among patients with chronic infection.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can be classified into at least eight genotypes, A-H. We evaluated the distribution HBV genotypes among patients with chronic infection. METHODS: We consecutively evaluated adult patients with chronic HBV infection from Salvador, Brazil. Patients were classified according to HBV infection chronic phases based on HBV-DNA levels and presence of serum HBV markers. HBV-DNA was qualitatively and quantitatively detected in serum by polymerised chain reaction (PCR). Isolates were genotyped by comparison of amino acid mutations and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: One-hundred and fourteen patients were evaluated. HBV-DNA was positive in 96 samples. HBV genotype was done in 76. Mean age was 36 +/- 11.3. In 61 of 76 cases subjects were classified as inactive HBsAg carriers. Their mean HBV serum level was 1760 copies/ml and 53 of 61 were infected with HBV genotype A, seven with HBV genotype F and one with genotype B. Twelve of the 76 patients had detectable hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) in serum. Ten were infected with HBV genotype A and two with genotype F; most had increased alanine aminotransferase and high HBV-DNA levels. Three patients were in the immunotolerant phase, two were infected with HBV genotype A and one with genotype F. HBV subtyping showed subtypes adw2 and adw4. CONCLUSIONS: HBV genotype A adw2 and genotype F adw4 were the most prevalent isolates found. We could not find differences in genotype distribution according to HBV clinical phases and DNA levels. We did not detect HBV genotype D in contrast to a previous study in our center with acute hepatitis B. All inactive HBsAg carriers had low HBV-DNA levels.