氯诺昔康用于PPH术后皮下自控镇痛的临床观察

目的观察氯诺昔康用于PPH手术术后皮下自控镇痛的效果和安全性。方法择期120例腰麻下行PPH手术患者，术毕前肱二头肌皮下置留置针接PCA泵，随机分为四组，Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别给予氯诺昔康32mg、40mg，Ⅲ组芬太尼0．8mg，Ⅳ组曲马多800mg。负荷量分别为静脉注射氯诺昔康8mg、芬太尼0．05mg和曲马多100mg。采用VAS评分法评定疼痛程度，观察副作用发生情况，记录患者满意度。结果四组各时点VAS组内及组间比较均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）；Ⅰ、Ⅱ组比Ⅲ、Ⅳ组副作用更少，病人术后生活质量和满意度更高（P均〈0．05）；Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组副作用、病人术后生活质量和满意度比较均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论较小剂量的氯诺昔康用于PPH术后皮下镇痛安全、有效，不良反应少，患者满意度高。     

氯诺昔康和曲马多在病人静脉自控镇痛的临床效果比较

目的 :比较氯诺昔康 (可塞风 )和曲马多病人静脉自控镇痛 (PCIA)的临床效果。方法 :80例病人进行随机双盲研究 :氯诺昔康组 (L组 )于手术结束时静注氯诺昔康 8mg后连接镇痛泵 ( 4 8mg氯诺昔康 生理盐水至 10 0ml) ;曲马多组 (T组 )于手术结束时静注曲马多 10 0mg后连接镇痛泵 ( 1g曲马多 生理盐水至 10 0ml) ,分别于术后 4小时、2 4小时、4 8小时观察并记录RR、HR、BP、SPO2 、疼痛评分 (VAS)、镇静评分及恶心、呕吐、嗜睡等并发症。结果 :两组镇痛效果相似 ,镇静、术后 4 8小时内发生恶心、呕吐、嗜睡者 ,T组明显多于L组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :PCIA时 ,氯诺昔康镇效果良好 ,副作用小。     

氯诺昔康用于术后皮下自控镇痛的效果评价

目的以芬太尼为对照药物。对单纯氯诺昔康及其复合小剂量芬太尼用于术后皮下PCA的安全性及有效性进行评价。方法480例腹部、四肢手术患者,随机分为F组110例,芬太尼0．8mg;L组90例,氯诺昔康40mg;LF组280例,氨诺昔康40mg、芬太厄0.4mg联合应用;加生理盐水至60～100ml,均于术毕时静注负荷量后接受PCSA治疗,设置背景1-2ml／h,单次按压量1～1．5ml,锁定时间15min。采用口述评分（VRS）评定48h镇痛效果．观察不良反应。结果LF组镇痛满意度与F组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,L组镇痛优等率明显少于F组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;良、差率多于F组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,3组间不良反应差异无统计学意义。结论单纯使用氯诺昔康术后PCSA往往不能充分缓解大手术后疼痛,若与阿片类药联用可大大增强镇痛效果,是一种安全、简便的平衡镇痛方法。     

氯诺昔康在普通外科腹腔镜手术后镇痛效果观察

目的 评价氯诺昔康在外科微创手术术后镇痛的有效性和安全性.方法 对氯诺昔康组(L组)和芬太尼组(F组)患者分别连续泵注氯诺昔康和芬太尼,观察48 h 镇痛药物用量、镇痛效果及不良反应发生情况.结果 L组术后2、4、8、12、24、48 h 的VAS评分略低于F组.PCIA期间恶心、呕吐、头晕、嗜睡发生率F组显著高于L组(P<0.05).结论 氯诺昔康用于腹腔镜手术术后PCIA镇痛效果接近芬太尼,不良反应发生率低,氯诺昔康是普通外科腹腔镜手术后PCIA治疗的一种安全有效的药物.     

氯诺昔康在鼻内窥镜手术后镇痛的作用

目的 观察氯诺昔康在鼻内窥镜手术后患者自控镇痛（PICA）的镇痛作用和药物的不良反应。方法 选择择期手术鼻内窥镜患者80例，随机分成两组：L组：氯诺昔康40mg＋氟哌啶5mg＋生理氯化钠溶液至100ml，F组：芬太尼1mg＋氟哌啶5mg＋生理氯化钠溶液至100ml，两组均采用持续输注2ml／h，单次PCA剂量0．5ml，锁定时间15分钟。采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）测定患者1h，4h,8h,16h，24h，48h的疼痛评分，以及并发症。结果 两组患者的性别、年龄、身高等一般情况无显著性差异（P〉0．05），两组术后的镇痛效果无显著性差异（P〉0．05），两组不良反应的指标有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论 氯诺昔康在鼻内窥镜手术后的自控镇痛中，氯诺昔康与芬太尼有相似的镇痛效果和无呼吸抑制的优点，可以作为芬太尼的替代用药。     

氯诺昔康用于骨科手术患者术后镇痛观察

目的 观察氯诺昔康用于骨科手术患者术后自控镇痛(PCA)的安全性及有效性.方法 择期行下肢骨折手术患者80例,随机分为4组(n=20).均采用硬膜外麻醉或腰-硬联合麻醉.术中常规监护.术毕前连接静脉PCA泵.PCA配方为:氯诺昔康1组、2组(L1组、L2组)分别为氯诺昔康48 mg,64 mg;曲马多组(T组)为曲马多800 mg;芬太尼组(F组)为芬太尼0.8 mg.负荷量分别为静脉注射氯诺昔康8 mg、曲马多100 mg和芬太尼0.1 mg.采用VAS评分法评定疼痛程度;Ramsay法评定镇静程度;观察副作用发生情况,记录患者满意度.结果 L1组术后6,18,24 h VAS评分较其他3组为高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)其他3组VAS评分无明显差异;T组Ramsay评分高于其他3组(P＜0.05);F组有1例发生呼吸抑制;患者满意度以L2组最高,L1组最低.结论 氯诺昔康可安全用于骨科手术患者术后镇痛,在剂量足够的情况下,效果确切,不良反应少,患者满意度高.     

氯诺昔康用于烧伤患者术后镇痛的临床研究

目的　比较氯诺昔康与芬太尼、曲马多用于术后镇痛的效果及副作用。方法　烧伤择期手术患者 6 0例 ,随机分成 3组 ,各组 2 0例 :A组芬太尼 1mg ;B组曲马多10 0 0mg ;C组氯诺昔康 2 4mg ;3组均加生理盐水至总量 10 0ml,所有患者均不用首次剂量 ,在术后持续静脉输注 (2ml/h)。行 4、8、12、2 4小时及换药时疼痛评分 ;4 8小时总体评分 ;镇静评分 ;恶心、呕吐、尿潴留评分 ;并观察呼吸循环抑制情况。结果　镇痛效果 :1mg芬太尼 >2 4mg氯诺昔康 >10 0 0mg曲马多 ;4 8小时总体评分 :10 0 0mg曲马多 >1mg芬太尼 >2 4mg氯诺昔康 ;镇静评分 :1mg芬太尼 >10 0 0mg曲马多 >2 4mg氯诺昔康 ;恶心呕吐评分 :10 0 0mg曲马多 >1mg芬太尼 >2 4mg氯诺昔康。结论　氯诺昔康可替代芬太尼、曲马多 ,用于烧伤患者术后镇痛。     

氯诺昔康与曲马多治疗骨折术后疼痛疗效的比较

目的比较氯诺昔康与曲马多在治疗骨折术后疼痛的疗效。方法采用随机、单盲和对照实验，将骨折术后疼痛患者155例随机分为治疗组77例，对照组78例。治疗组给予氯诺昔康16mg肌注，对照组给予曲马多100mg肌注，采用感觉模拟评分法（VAS）对给药8h内疗效进行评估，并比较其不良反应的发生率。结果给药8h内治疗组疼痛缓解程度优于对照组（P〈0．05），不良反应发生率分别为3．90％，12．82％（P〈0．05）。结论氯诺昔康治疗骨折术后疼痛与曲马多相比较疗效更好，不良反应更少，可作为术后镇痛的一种新型高效药物。     

氯诺昔康和曲马多在颅脑手术后镇痛的对比研究

目的:观察氯诺昔康和曲马多用于颅脑手术后患者自控镇痛(PCIA)的效果和不良反应。方法:60例ASAⅠ级~Ⅱ级择期颅脑手术患者,采用随机、对照的方法将患者分为两组,每组30例。L组用氯诺昔康PCIA;Q组用曲马多PCIA。术后患者完全清醒后静脉连接PCA泵。术后接泵即刻、术后4h、12h、24h、48h分别观察VAS评分;Ramesay镇静评分、Glasgow昏迷评分;恶心、呕吐、眩晕、异常出血等不良反应。结果:氯诺昔康组和曲马多组镇痛效果相近;氯诺昔康组患者不良反应较少。结论:氯诺昔康用于颅脑术后患者PCIA是安全、有效的,不良反应发生率低于曲马多。     

氯诺昔康用于36例高龄全髋置换患者术后镇痛的对照观察

目的:探讨氯诺昔康对高龄全髋置换患者的术后镇痛作用及效果。方法:70例拟在腰-硬联合麻醉下行全髋置换患者随机分为研究组(L组n=35),采用氯诺昔康术后镇痛,首剂量4 mg,后予以PCIA32~40 mg;对照组(C组n=35),采用芬太尼术后镇痛,首剂量0.05 mg,后予以PCIA0.7~0.9 mg。评定术后30 min、1 h、4 h、8 h、10 h、20 h、24 h VAS镇痛评分,观察PCIA过程中药物不良反应等。结果:两组患者VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义。PCIA过程中对照组患者出现药物不良反应比研究组明显。结论:氯诺昔康与芬太尼在临床镇痛效果上无显著差异,但氯诺昔康的不良反应较少,更适合高龄患者临床镇痛治疗的推广使用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.