Inhibition of hypersensitivity of delayed and immediate types in guinea pigs by methylenediphosphonic acid

The effect of subcutaneous injection of the immunosuppressive agent methylene-diphosphonic acid (MDPA) on hypersensitivity of delayed and immediate types (HDT and HIT) was studied in guinea pigs. Administration of MDPA to the animals in a dose of 30 g/g was found to inhibit HDT and HIT by 60–80% compared with the control.Laboratory of Immunochemistry, A. V. Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Kiev. Translated from Byulleden' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 9, pp. 339–341, September, 1977.     

Effect of chalone and antichalone on free radical processes in rat liver

Effect of the proliferative regulators chalone and antichalone on the free radical system is studied on isolated and perfused rat liver under normal conditions and after ammonium chloride load (5 mM). It is shown that chaone suppressed both lipid peroxidation and antiradical system, while antichalone exhibits opposite effects on these processes. Ammonium chloride abolishes the effect of antichalone and does not change the effect produced by chalone. A hypothesis is proposed that specific function of the organ predominates over its response to local regulatory stimuli. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 2, pp. 224–226, February, 1998     

Effect of adrenergic receptor blocking agents on mitotic activity of the regenerating liver

The -adrenergic blocking drug phentolamine was injected into male rats 1 h before resection of 70% of the liver and again 24 h after the operation. Phentolamine inhibited mitotic activity of the regenerating liver. Two injections of propranolol, a -adrenergic blocking drug, at the same times caused an increase in mitotic activity. It was concluded that adrenalin, which excites -adrenergic receptors, may inhibit regeneration. By its action through -adrenergic receptors, however, adrenalin stimulates this process.Department of Physiology of Animals, N. G. Chernyshevskii Saratov University. Central Scientific-Research Laboratory, Saratov Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 11, pp. 1373–1374, November, 1976.     

Metabolic types of regulation of lactate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the liver of intact animals

A possible relationship between metabolic types of regulation of liver oxidative enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase) and the blood level of cortisol and insulin in intact animals is explored. The liver enzyme activity is found to depend on the initial physiological state of the organism. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 4, pp. 421–422, April, 1995 Presented by Yu. A. Romanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Ultrastructure of fish and amphibian liver during catabolism of degenerating erythrocytes

Similar catabolic features were found in macrophages of melano-macrophage centers of sturgeon liver and Kupffer cells of hibernating frogs and tadpoles underdoing metamorphosis. Catabolic process includes 4 stages: 1) intact phagocyted erythrocytes; 2) phagosomes with erythrocyte-like matrix density containing dense ferritin granules distributed between hypertrophied Golgi complex and smooth endoplasmic reticulum; 3) phagosomes with membrane structures and electron dense granules; 4) phagosomes with melanin granules. Products of erythrocyte catabolism are released through the bile duct. The origin of melanin granules is discussed. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 1, pp. 117–120, January 2000     

Effect of an atherogenic diet on age differences in cholesterol biosynthesis in the rat liver

After intraperitoneal injection of radioactive sodium acetate into rats of two age groups (6–8 and 28–32 months) the dynamics of cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver was observed to be slower in the older animals. The specific liver cholesterol activity of the older rats was lower at the maximum of uptake of the label than in the younger rats. An atherogenic diet for 20 days (0.25 g cholesterol/100 g body weight) led to an increase in the total cholesterol content but to inhibition of its biosynthesis in the liver, and this effect was most marked in the younger rats. Continued administration of cholesterol depressed its biosynthesis still more, especially in the older animals.Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Gerontology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Kiev. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. N. Gorev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 150–151, February, 1977.     

DNA content and size of cell nuclei in the regenerating rat liver

The DNA content in single nuclei and the size of the nuclei were investigated in the intact and regenerating rat liver from 18 h to 21 days after partial hepatectomy. The results of the measurements show that the mean DNA content per nucleus in the intact rat liver is 6.5 pg, and that most nuclei are about equal in size to the diploid nucleus (42.5 ²). DNA synthesis began in the regenerating liver before 18 h after the operation. By 24 h the DNA content in most nuclei of the experimental animals was twice that in the intact rats. This shows that the first wave of synthesis involved 85–90% of the liver cells. After mitosis, which in most cells took place before 36 h after partial hepatectomy weaker waves of DNA synthesis followed, after approximately 42 and 60 h.Department of Normal Anatomy and Department of General Biology, P. J. Safarik University, Kosice, Czechoslovakia. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 8, pp. 369–371, March, 1977.     

Effect of chronic carbon tetrachloride poisoning on the turnover of RNA fractions in rat liver tissue

Changes in the content and incorporation of 5-³H-uridine after brief exposure to its labeled precursor were studied in the individual liver RNA fractions of rats during administration of carbon tetrachloride for 24 weeks. These fractions were obtained by preparative electrophoresis in 2.5% polyacrylamide gel from previously isolated nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA. Administration of CCl₄ to rats was shown to reduce the quantity of transfer and ribosomal RNA in the liver tissue. Chronic CCl₄ poisoning also disturbs the synchronization of the turnover of the individual components of fast-labeled RNA.Laboratory of Biochemistry, Professor N. N. Petrov Scientific-Research Institute of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the USSR, Leningrad. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR S. N. Golikov). Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 423–425, April, 1977.     

Effect of potassium orotate on the reversibility of cirrhotic changes and regeneratory manifestations in rat liver

The use of potassium orotate for the treatment of liver cirrhosis led to a significant increase in the relative volume of the organ vessels, appearance of subcellular signs of derepression of the regeneratory sites of hepatocyte nuclear heterochromatin in pseudolobules, metabolic activation of nucleic and protein metabolism, resorption of collagen in spaces of Disse and septae by activation of the hepatocyte collagenolytic function and development of ultrastructural regenerative signs in hepatocytes. In the hepatocytes of the regeneration nucleoli, signs of increase of their specific function appeared, presumably compensating for their absence in intracellular regeneration of cells in part of pseudolobules. Translated fromByullenten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 12, pp. 687–692. December, 1998     

Effect of chorionic gonadotropin on lactate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the pathologically altered liver

Chorionic gonadotropin is shown to alter lactate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the pathologically altered liver and to exert a regulatory effect on the catalytic properties of these enzymes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 590–591, June, 1994 Presented by Yu. A. Romanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of enteral oxygen therapy on liver function in acute degeneration

The effect of enteral oxygen therapy was studied in rats with acute degeneration of the liver caused by CCl₄. Intragastric injection of oxygen foam reduced the severity of poisoning and led to more rapid and complete recovery of the intensity of bile secretion, synthesis of primary bile acids, and their conjugation with amino acids, and improved the stabilizing properties of the bile.Department of Pharmacology, Ternopol' Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR S. V. Anichkov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 10, pp. 419–421, October, 1977.     

Effect of the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole on oxidation-phosphorylation coupling and the state of the mitochondrial adenosine system in the liver of albino rats

Incubation of the specific catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole with liver mitochondria and administration of this drug to intact rats are shown to uncouple oxidation and phosphorylation and to inhibit adenosine nucleotide synthesis in the animal liver. These disturbances apparently results from catalase inhibition. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, No. 6, pp. 638–640, June, 1996     

Electron-histochemical data on the localization of aminopeptidase M in the liver

The activity of aminopeptidase M in rat liver is studied electron histochemically. The enzyme is shown to be localized in the lysosomes of Kupffer's cells and endotheliocytes, and extracellularly on hepatocyte microvilli. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 312–314, September, 1995 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of cytochrome C and its derivatives on the circulation and oxidative metabolism of the ischemized brain

The effects of animal and biotechnological cytochrome C and its hemtetradecapeptide in a heme-isomolar dose on the cerebral bloodflow, oxygen and glucose consumption, and pH of the ischemized brain were studied in cat experiments. Cytochrome of both types and hemtetradecapeptide increased the consumption of oxygen and glucose by ischemized brain tissue and somewhat reduced the development of acidosis. The shifts of oxidative metabolism parameters of the ischemized brain correlated with inhibition of the development of postischemic hypoperfusion of the brain. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 12, pp. 640–642, December, 1995 Presented by P. V. Sergeev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of low-intensity infrared laser radiation on ultrastructure and proliferation of liver cells in experimental hepatitis and cirrhosis

Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, Tashkent Branch, All-Union Research Center for Surgery, Academy of Medical Sciences. (Presented by Academician D. S. Sarkisov, Academy of Medical Sciences.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 113, No. 4, pp. 424–427, April, 1992.     

Effect of maternal aseptic inflammation on the structural organization of extraembryonal organs and on the proliferative activity of embryonic liver and lung cells in rats

After 2 days of aseptic inflammation in pregnant rats the number of hematopoietic lineage cells in the embryonic liver decreased, while proliferative activity of cells in the embryonic lung increased. Degenerative changes were noted in the placenta. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 5, pp. 584–587, May, 1997     

Significance of adenylate cyclase system of the liver in its chronic diseases

The activity of adenylate cyclase in the hepatocyte plasma membranes, content of cAMP, and cAMP/cGMP ratio in the liver and blood plasma are decreased in patients with chronic liver diseases (fatty dystrophy, chronic hepatitis, and cirrhosis). This decrease depends on the disease severity and is most pronounced in cirrhosis. The sensitivity of liver adenylate cyclase to insulin and glucagon is changed. It is concluded that disorders in the adenylate cyclase system are an important molecular mechanism in the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Medistiny, Vol. 124, No. 4, pp. 450–453, April 1998     

Origin of the Kupffer macrophages in the regenerating liver

[³H]Thymidine was injected intraperitoneally into male Wistar rats in a dose of 5 Ci/g, and two thirds of the liver was resected 1 h later. Control animals underwent a mock operation. Indices of labeled nuclei (ILN) of the hepatocytes were moderately increased 3 h after partial hepatectomy, the increase still continued for 48 h, but was replaced by a decrease 48 h after the operation. ILN of the Kupffer cells was 10 times higher 3 h after the operation than in the control, it reached a maximum 9 h after the operation, and then fell, although still remaining higher than in the control. It is concluded that Kupffer cells enter the liver from the bone marrow.Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. P. Kaznacheev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 5, pp. 598–600, May, 1978.