沙门菌中第一类整合子的鉴定及特性分析

目的　基于整合子在细菌耐药机制中的重要作用 ,对来自正常人体内耐药沙门菌的整合子分布及其结构特征进行分析。方法　应用PCR方法 ,设计第一类整合酶基因intI1和耐药基因盒的特异性引物 ,用PCR方法检测整合子阳性菌株并对其整合的耐药基因进行测序和序列分析。结果　发现 1株S .hadar和 3株S .tshiongwe为第一类整合酶阳性菌株。耐药基因盒进行扩增的结果 ,从 2株中分别得到 10 0 9bp的扩增产物。 1株得到 16 6 4bp的扩增产物。 1株菌得到 10 0 9bp和 16 6 4bp的扩增产物。序列分析结果表明 ,10 0 9bp的扩增产物为携带aadA2 ,对氨基糖苷类抗生素药物壮观霉素、链霉素产生耐药的基因盒 ;16 6 4bp为携带aadA5和dfr17,对氨基糖苷类抗生素药物壮观霉素、链霉素和磺胺类药物甲氧氨苄嘧啶产生耐药的基因盒。结论　首次揭示了健康人携带由整合子介导的耐药菌这一现象 ,提示我们要从基因水平上监测细菌的耐药情况     

利用表型筛选法测定整合子对耐药性基因盒的整合频率

目的 建立一种利用表型筛选的方法来测定整合子对耐药性基因盒的整合频率. 方法 将整合子和aadA2耐药性基因盒克隆到同一质粒pACYCl84的不同位点,该重组质粒和高表达整合酶的重组质粒分别转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),挑选阳性克隆过夜培养后,取适量菌液涂布含有链霉素的LB琼脂平板,同时取适量菌液涂布不含链霉素的LB琼脂平板,过夜培养后计数菌落个数,用以计算整合频率.同时以链霉素平板上的阳性克隆为模板,进行PCR扩增.对扩增产物切胶回收纯化,然后进行测序,以确定aadA2耐药性基因盒整合位点. 结果 在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)宿主中,整合子对aadA2耐药性基因盒的整合频率为1.1×103,主要的整合位点为attI. 结论 该系统可以用于整合子对基因盒捕获频率的测定.     

耐药性播散机制进展——整合子-基因匣子系统

整合子 -基因匣子系统是近年在细菌中发现的天然克隆与表达系统 ,能捕获外来耐药基因 ,在整合子中形成多种耐药基因的组合、排列 ,是细菌耐药性播散的机制之一 ,对细菌及质粒基因组的进化具有重要意义。本文对整合子 -基因匣子系统的结构特征、基因匣子的移动性与表达、整合子的流行病学及超整合子等方面进行综述。     

银离子对细菌整合子捕获耐药性基因盒频率的抑制作用

目的:讨论银离子对大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)宿主中第一类整合子整合频率的影响。方法:将pUCINT及pACINAD两种重组质粒依次转化大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3),命名为HS2。实验组分别使用含0.3 μg/ml、0.6 μg/ml和0.8 μg/ml银离子LB液体培养基,对照组使用普通LB液体培养基,银离子通过硝酸...     

嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌整合子I和ISCR1研究及ERIC-PCR基因分型

目的了解临床分离嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌的整合子I和ISCR1的分布情况及其基因型。方法分离临床85株嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌,用WHONET5.4分析菌株药敏情况,采用ERIC-PCR方法进行基因分型。采用PCR检测整合酶I、整合子I、ISCR1以及ISCR1携带的耐药基因。结果嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌对亚胺培南、氨曲南、庆大霉素、阿米卡星高度耐药,整合子I阳性菌株和整合子I阴性菌株对复方新诺明耐药性差异有统计学意义。85株嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌12株整合酶阳性,11株整合子I阳性,2株ISCR1和ISCRI携带的耐药基因阳性,ERIC-PCR分为75个基因型。结论整合子I在嗜麦芽窄食假单胞菌中介导复方新诺明耐药性方面有重要作用,ERIC-PCR是研究临床分离嗜麦芽窄食假单胞基因分型的有效方法之一。     

铜绿假单胞菌检出特殊1型整合子结构

1型整合子是造成铜绿假单胞菌广泛耐药的重要原因,其基本结构为：5＇端保守序列（1型整合酶）-特异识别位点（attI或attC）-3＇端保守序列（qacE△1耐药基因盒-sul1耐药基因盒）,在5＇端与3＇端之间可插入其他耐药基因盒,并将其整合在其中,形成各种组合的多重耐药整合子.我院对感染监测中分离的1株铜绿假单胞菌NB03012进行了检测。     

泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌整合子Ⅰ和ISCR1结构及基因分型研究

目的研究从临床分离的鲍曼不动杆菌的整合子Ⅰ和ISCR1的分布及结构情况,并对其进行基因分型。方法分离自临床的57株鲍曼不动杆菌,PCR检测整合酶Ⅰ、整合子Ⅰ、ISCR1以及ISCR1可变区,PCR产物进行限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）分型并进行测序分析可变区携带的耐药基因盒,ERIC-PCR进行基因分型。结果 49株整合酶I阳性,其中47株整合子I扩增阳性,RFLP分为2型,测序结果为aacA4-catB8-aadA1和drf17-aadA5。3株ISCR1以及ISCR1可变区扩增均阳性,可变区经RFLP分为1型,测序结果为orf513-qnrA1-ampR-qacEdeltal,ISCR1阳性菌整合子I均阳性,经ERIC-PCR检测将57株鲍曼不动杆菌分为27个基因型。结论Ⅰ类整合子广泛存在于鲍曼不动杆菌中,ISCRI携带率较低,氨基糖苷类、甲氧苄啶类和β-内酰胺类耐药基因盒较常见,ERIC-PCR可用于临床鲍曼不动杆菌的分子流行病学研究。     

COL1A1基因PCOL2和Sp1结合位点多态与先天性髋脱位的关联分析

目的 研究Ⅰ型胶原a1链(collagen type Ⅰ alpha 1，COL1A1)基因PCOL2和Sp1结合位点多态性在中国北方人群中的分布，并探讨其与先天性髋脱位(congenital dislocation of the hip，CDH)的关系。方法 在81个CDH核心家系的243名成员中，采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析方法，对位于COLIAI基因启动子内的PCOL2多态(-1997G／T)和转录调控区第1内含子内的Sp1多态(1546G／T)进行基因分型，并进行传递不平衡检验。结果COL1A1，基因PCOL2结合位点G／T多态与CDH不存在明显关联(P=0．537)，中国人PCOL2多态位点的基因型和等位基因频率分布与西班牙白人群和美国白人群差异存在统计学意义；Sp1结合位点只检测到SS基因型，未检测到Ss或ss基因型。结论 COL1A1基因PCOL2和Sp1结合位点多态存在种族差异，PCOL2和Sp1结合位点多态可能与中国人CDH的发病风险无关。     

散发性肾癌中VHL基因的两个单核苷酸多态位点分析和杂合性缺失检测

目的检测79例散发性肾癌中抑癌基因VHL内部的两个单核苷酶多态(single nucleotide polymorphism，SNP)位点并分析杂合性缺失(loss of heterozygosity，LOH)发生情况，探讨VHL基因LOH与肾癌临床病理特征的关系。方法从肿瘤和正常肾组织中提取DNA，应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法检测VHL基因5′端SNP位点rs779805和3′端SNP位点rs1642742的基因型。在两个位点的杂合子中进行LOH检测，并分析VHL基因LOH与临床病理特征的关系。结果我们计算了两个位点的基因型、基因频率、杂合度、多态信息含量等遗传学参数。综合两个位点发现杂合子29例．其中12例(41．4％)存在LOH。VHL基因LOH与肾癌发生年龄、性别、临床分期、病理分级无显著相关性。结论在散发性肾癌中，VHL基因LOH是肿瘤发生的重要机理，其发生率达41．4％，VHL基因LOH与肾癌分期、分级无关。     

起始识别复合物结合位点对沉默子的辅助作用

背景：沉默子由起始识别复合物结合位点,阻遏活化蛋白RAP1等元件组成,人们对于沉默子的功能及相互关系有较多研究,但对组成沉默子的元件与基因沉默之间关系的研究很少。 目的：研究起始识别复合物结合位点对沉默子基因沉默的辅助作用。 方法：用右侧带有报告基因URA3的起始识别复合物结合位点,以及不带任何结合位点的序列替代酵母基因组HML区域的HML-I沉默子后,比较URA3基因表达量,并使用DNA拓扑法分析染色质的结构变化。 结果与结论：HML-E沉默子单独存在的情况下,酵母无法在FOA平板上生长,但在起始识别复合物结合位点的辅助下,能够在FOA平板上生长, 两者之间区域的染色质大多为负超螺旋。因此可知起始识别复合物结合位点能增加HML-E沉默子作用范围,产生这种作用的原因是两者相互作用下形成紧密的染色质结构。     

Novel cassette array in a class 1 integron in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii from central Iran

Antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii is a major problem in the hospital and outbreaks caused by this organism have been reported frequently. The present study aimed at determining the antibiotic susceptibility patterns, the prevalence of different classes of integrons and the characterization of integron class 1 gene cassettes in Iranian A. baumannii isolates. A total of 63 non-duplicate A. baumannii isolates were collected from clinical and environmental specimens in the Vali-Asr hospital in the central province of Iran (March to September, 2011). The antimicrobial susceptibility for 15 antibiotics which are used conventionally was determined by disk diffusion. The presence of different integron classes was investigated by PCR and the size of gene cassettes in class 1 integrons was then determined by PCR as well. Moreover, integron cassette arrays of isolates were delineated by RFLP and sequencing amplicons with different lengths. Of 63 isolates 62 (98.4%) carried a class 1 integron. The prevalence of IntI2 was 15.9% and the length of the amplicons ranged from 500 bp to 3 kb. Sequencing of integrons of class 1 revealed the presence of many resistance genes (aadA, aacA, aacC, dfrA, bla_GES and bla_IMP). We identified a completely new gene cassette which contained aacA7-qacF-aadA5-bla_IMP, this cassette has not been reported previously in A. baumannii.     

Tn5090-like class 1 integron carrying blaVIM-2 in a Pseudomonas putida strain from Portugal

Three Pseudomonas putida strains containing bla_VIM-2 were isolated from an inanimate surface of a female ward sanitary facility in the Hospital Infante D. Pedro, Aveiro. A novel class 1 integron was found in strain Pp2 (aacA41bla_VIM-2/aac6'-IIc disrupted by an insertion sequence IS1382), and strain PpI was found to carry a class 1 integron (aacA7/bla_VIM-2/aacCl/aacA4), which is described for the first time in this species. Strain PFI carries a class 1 integron associated with a Tn5090-like transposon, constituting the first finding of this type of arrangement in a strain from Portugal. This association highlights further dissemination of bla_VIM-2 in environmental hospital isolates.     

Transfer patterns of integron-associated and antibiotic resistance genes in S. flexneri during different time intervals in Tianjin,China

Background: Shigella is one of the common genera of pathogens responsible for bacterial diarrhoea in humans. According to World Health Organisation (WHO), 800,000–1,700,000 patients in China were infected with Shigella spp. in 2000, and Shigella flexneri is the most common serotype (86%). Objectives: We investigated the transfer patterns of integron-associated and antibiotic resistance genes in S. flexneri during different time intervals in the city of Tianjin in the People’s Republic of China. Materials and Methods: The integrase-encoding and variable regions of the integrons of the bacterial strains were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by gene sequencing. Fifty-six S. flexneri strains, 32 of which were stored in our laboratory and the other 24 were isolated from tertiary hospitals in Tianjin during different time intervals, were tested for their sensitivity to 12 antibiotics by using the Kirby–Bauer antibiotic testing method (K-B method). Results and Conclusion: Of the 32 strains of S. flexneri isolated from 1981 to 1983 and stored in our laboratory, class 1 integron was detected in 28 strains (87.50%), while 27 strains (84.37%) harboured an aminoglycoside resistance gene, aadA, in the variable region of their integrons. Class 1 integron was identified in 22 (91.67%) of the 24 S. flexneri strains isolated from 2009 to 2010, whereas the variable region and 3′-end amplification were not present in any of the strains. Class 2 integron was not found in the 1981–1983 group (group A) of strains; although 19 (79.17%) of the 24 strains in the 2009–2010 group (group B) possessed class 2 integron, and the variable region of the integron harboured dfrA1 + sat1 + aadA1 genes, which, respectively, mediate antibiotic resistance to trimethoprim, streptothricin and streptomycin. Seventeen strains of the total 56 possessed both class 1 and 2 integrons. Strains belonging to group A were highly resistant to tetracycline, chloramphenicol and a combination of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; 65.63% of the strains were multi-resistant to three or more antibiotics. In group B, the strains showed high resistance to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, piperacillin and tetracycline; 83.33% of the strains were multi-resistant to three or more antibiotics. Class 1 and 2 integrons exist extensively in S. flexneri, and the 3′-conserved segments of class 1 integron may have deletion or other types of mutations. Comparing the antibiotic and multi-drug resistance of group A with that of group B, it is apparent that the antibiotic resistance and the incidence of genes that confer multi-drug resistance have increased over the years in S. flexneri.     

NF-κB结合位点在NOD2基因调控中的作用

目的 探讨NF-κB结合位点在NOD2基因调控中的作用.方法 以人基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增含有NF-κB结合位点的人NOD2基因启动子序列,以切除启动子的pEGFP-N3作为框架结构,将这段序列进行酶切并定向克隆入表达载体pEGFP-N3中,构建含有NF-κB结合位点的人NOD2基因启动子驱动的绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)载体,将构建的重组质粒经脂质体LipofectAMINETM2000介导瞬时转染HeLa细胞,在倒置荧光显微镜下观察其能否在NOD2基因启动子的调控下表达报告基因GFP.用突变试剂盒将重组质粒pEGFP-N3-NOD2wt中的NF-κB结合位点缺失突变,将构建的突变重组质粒mpEGFP-N3-NOD2瞬时转染HeLa细胞,观察绿色荧光蛋白的表达情况.结果 pEGFP-N3-NOD2wt和mpEGFP-N3-NOD2经酶切鉴定和序列测定证实重组质粒构建成功,并且NF-κB结合位点突变成功.细胞转染结果表明,构建的重组质粒pEGFP-N3-NOD2wt转染HeLa细胞,在倒置荧光显微镜下能看到绿色荧光,而突变质粒mpEGFP-N3-NOD2荧光强度明显减弱,与未转染质粒相近.结论 成功构建了含有NF-κB结合位点的人NOD2基因启动子的重组质粒和含有NF-κB结合位点缺失突变的重组质粒;NF-κB结合位点突变重组质粒在HeLa细胞巾绿色荧光表达明显减弱,说明NF-κB结合位点在NOD2基因调控中发挥了正调节作用;为进一步研究NOD2基因表达及调控机制奠定了良好的基础.     

A novel complex class 1 integron found in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from Portugal

Klebsiella pneumoniae Kp1 carrying a novel complex class 1 integron was isolated from an inanimate surface of a female ward sanitary facility in the Hospital Infante D. Pedro, Aveiro, central Portugal. The integron consists of two variable regions (VRs); VR1 was previously described in Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae, and VR2 contains an ***ln37-like structure and is located downstream of an ISCR1 element. The integron was found on a plasmid of 225 kb. The qnrB10 gene, although present, is not associated with the complex class 1 integron.     

肺炎衣原体下调THP-1源性巨噬细胞ABCA1、ABCG1表达的机制研究

目的:观察c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)对肺炎衣原体(Cpn)诱导的THP-1源性巨噬细胞ATP结合盒转运蛋白A1(ABCA1)、ATP结合盒转运蛋白G1(ABCG1)和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)表达的调控作用,探讨Cpn下调THP-1源性巨噬细胞ABCA1/ABCG1表达的信号转导机制。方法:将THP-1单核细胞诱导分化为巨噬细胞后,观察Cpn感染对细胞内ABCA1/ABCG1及PPARγ mRNA和蛋白表达的影响。并用不同浓度的JNK特异性抑制剂SP600125对细胞进行预处理,观察SP600125对Cpn诱导的ABCA1/ABCG1、PPARγ mRNA和蛋白表达的影响。分别用RT-PCR和Western blotting检测各组ABCA1/ABCG1及PPARγ mRNA和蛋白表达。结果:Cpn下调THP-1源性巨噬细胞ABCA1/ABCG1及其上游调控基因PPARγ mRNA和蛋白表达。而SP600125能呈浓度依赖性地抑制Cpn感染所带来的上述影响。结论:Cpn可能通过JNK-PPARγ信号转导通路下调AB-CA1/ABCG1表达,减少巨噬细胞内胆固醇流出,促进动脉粥样硬化发生发展。     

中国人内源性高甘油三酯血症患者ATP结合盒转运子A1基因R219K多态性研究

目的研究ATP结合盒转运子A1(ATP binding cassette A1,ABCA1)基因R219K多态性是否与中国人内源性高甘油三酯血症(hypertriglyceridemia,HTG)有关联,为探讨本病的分子遗传基础提供依据。方法应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析法,对成都地区309名汉族人(200名正常人和109例内源性高甘油三酯血症患者)ABCA1基因R219K多态性位点进行分析。结果中国人ABCA1基因R219K多态位点K等位基因频率在对照组和HTG组分别为0.472与0.436;HTG组和对照组R219K位点之间基因型和等位基因的频率差异无统计学意义。对照组和HTG组KK基因型携带者血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein-cholesterol,HDL-C)水平均较相应组RR基因型携带者显著升高[(1.48±0.45)mmol/Lvs(1.27±0.29)mmol/L,P<0.05;(1.07±0.30)mmol/Lvs(0.87±0.19)mmol/L,P<0.05];对照组RK型携带者血清甘油三酯水平较RR型携带者显著降低[(1.22±0.37)mmol/Lvs(1.41±0.84)mmol/L,P<0.05],HTG组血清甘油三酯在RR、RK、KK型之间有逐渐降低的趋势[(3.82±2.02)mmol/Lvs(3.42±1.67)mmol/Lvs(3.33±1.43)mmol/L,P>0.05];HTG组K等位基因携带者(RK或KK型者)总胆固醇(totalcholesterol,TC)/HDL-C比值均较RR型携带者显著降低(KKvsRKvsRR4.82±1.28vs5.42±1.62vs6.33±1.70,P<0.05)。结论ABCA1基因R219K多态性不仅与中国成都地区正常汉族人血清HDL-C、甘油三酯含量有关,而且还与内源性高甘油三酯血症患者血清HDL-C水平、TC/HDL-C比值相关联。     

New dfr2 gene as a single-gene cassette in a class 1 integron from a trimethoprim-resistant Escherichia coli isolate

Resistance to trimethoprim among Enterobacteriaceae is increasing in spite of a stable or decreasing use of the drug. Integrons are common among these bacteria and many of them contain dfr gene cassettes. A clinical isolate of Escherichia coli from a urine specimen obtained at the Karolinska Hospital in Stockholm was resistant to trimethoprim, ampicillin, sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and norfloxacin. PCR analysis with primers specific for the 5' and 3' sequences flanking the cassettes in class 1 integrons, detected a very short cassette region of no more than approximately 400 bp. Sequence analysis of the entire integron was performed, revealing a single-gene cassette of 411 bp encoding a new dihydrofolate reductase. The gene cassette comprised all sequences between the flanking conserved sequences and encoded only 78 amino acids. By homology it belongs to the unique group of dfr2 gene cassettes and being the fourth described gene in this group the new gene is called dfr2d. The enzymes encoded by the dfr2 genes are 67% identical and are not related to any other known dfr gene products.