鼠类非适宜宿主抗血吸虫病机制的研究进展

血吸虫的非适宜宿主体内存在血吸虫的抗性机制,是研究血吸虫病免疫机制的重要动物模型.该文对鼠类血吸虫非适宜宿主体内抗性相关基因、蛋白和细胞等3个层面的研究进展进行综述,为阐明抗血吸虫免疫机制及进一步研发血吸虫病疫苗提供思路.     

血吸虫及其相关产物在宿主免疫调节中的作用

血吸虫可通过合成、分泌或者排泄多种具有免疫调节功能的分子影响宿主的免疫系统,主要表现为促进Th2免疫效应,抑制Th1/Th17免疫效应.血吸虫感染过程中,其免疫调节效应可以调控宿主固有免疫和适应性免疫,使其能够逃避宿主的免疫攻击,而在人体内长期存活.研究显示血吸虫感染对于过敏性疾病、自身免疫性疾病以及同种异体免疫反应等...     

血吸虫虫卵多聚糖的免疫调节作用

血吸虫病是一种严重危害人体健康的慢性流行性疾病,血吸虫病的主要病理损害是由宿主对沉积于肝脏内的血吸虫虫卵产生免疫应答而引起的肝脏肉芽肿继而肝硬化所致.已有的研究表明,血吸虫虫卵多聚糖在诱导宿主免疫应答进而诱导肝脏病理变化及血吸虫逃避宿主免疫攻击的过程中起着很重要的作用.该文主要综述近几年关于日本血吸虫虫卵多聚糖的结构特征及其免疫调节作用的研究进展.     

血吸虫感染诱导免疫偏移的研究进展

近年来,包括血吸虫在内的蠕虫诱导宿主免疫偏移日益成为研究的热点.该文综述血吸虫感染诱导免疫偏移的研究及进展,包括对血吸虫感染诱导宿主免疫细胞的作用、细胞因子以及信号转导通路及其对自身免疫性疾病的负向调控作用进行了介绍.     

血吸虫免疫逃避机制的研究现状

血吸虫免疫逃避机制是血吸虫抵抗宿主而得以存活的重要因素,目前较肯定的机制主要是抗原改变和免疫调节.抗原改变主要是血吸虫抗原的变异、模拟和伪装,使宿主的免疫临视功能敏感度下降;免疫调节主要是血吸虫通过合成神经分子、蛋白酶、细胞因子及其他小分子物质,阻断宿主补体的激活,抑制宿主的免疫细胞功能,从而下调宿主的免疫功能,这两种机制均有利于血吸虫在宿主体内的存活.     

日本血吸虫病免疫发病机理研究的进展

日本血吸虫病是一种严重危害人体健康的疾病.在血吸虫感染宿主的过程中,虫体在宿主体内各发育阶段,如童虫、成虫和虫卵的抗原成分刺激宿主,诱发宿主一系列免疫应答及产生相应的病理损害,这涉及到体液免疫和细胞免疫等诸多因素复杂的反应及其调节,故认为血吸虫病是一种免疫性疾病已证实血吸虫病的主要病理损害,是宿主对沉积于肝脏、结肠等器官内的血吸虫卵产生免疫反应,形成肉芽肿所致.本文旨在综述近几年来日本血吸虫病免疫发病机理研究的进展,并着重回顾日本血吸虫卵肉芽肿形成及其调节的研究进展.     

血吸虫基因组、转录组和蛋白质组研究进展

血吸虫病是全世界最严重的寄生虫病之一.血吸虫具有一些独特的生物学性状:雌雄异体,复杂的生命周期,逃避宿主免疫应答,以及显著的依赖于宿主的内分泌和免疫信号来完成其发育、成熟和产卵.近10年来,日本血吸虫和曼氏血吸虫的转录组、基因组和蛋白质组方面都开展了诸多的研究:基因组草图已经完成,不同发育阶段和性别的基因表达和蛋白表达谱已分析获得了巨大的信息.新的血吸虫基因组、转录组和蛋白质组数据有助于全面理解无脊椎动物进化、血吸虫营养和新陈代谢,依赖宿主的发育和成熟,宿主和寄生虫的相互作用和免疫逃避以及潜在的疫苗候选者与药物靶点等.     

血吸虫尾蚴弹性蛋白酶研究进展

血吸虫弹性蛋白酶是在血吸虫的生命周期中起关键作用的酶之一，在感染宿主和免疫应答等多种生物过程中发挥作用。研究表明尾蚴蛋白酶是由一个在多种血吸虫中存在的功能保守的基因家族所编码的。Pierrot等的实验结果说明弹性蛋白酶在曼氏血吸虫中受到转录水平上的调控，并应用免疫定位方法证明了在感染宿主的过程中该酶被大量释放，最终证明该酶是宿主免疫攻击的一个靶点。鉴于日本血吸虫在感染宿主过程中所表现出的快速和较高的成功率，推测其弹性蛋白酶必将具有一些独特的生化和免疫特性。     

血吸虫病肝纤维化发病机制及相关药物作用靶点的研究进展

血吸虫病肝纤维化及血吸虫病虫卵肉芽肿是由于血吸虫虫卵沉积在宿主的肝脏及结肠肠壁等组织引起宿主对致病因子的免疫应答而产生的病理变化.该文对国内外报道的血吸虫虫卵所致的肝纤维化致病机制及治疗药物进行综述.     

血吸虫免疫逃避相关分子的研究进展

当细菌等病原生物钻穿皮肤、粘膜而入侵宿主后 ,宿主的免疫系统即可产生免疫应答而最终消除病原体。但是 ,也有许多致病生物能在具有免疫能力的宿主体内长期存活。在长期进化过程中 ,一些寄生虫在哺乳动物体内形成慢性感染 ,具有逃避宿主致死的免疫应答的能力[1] 。血吸虫在人和多种哺乳动物宿主体内寄生阶段包括童虫、成虫和虫卵。当血吸虫入侵宿主后 ,抗原物质即刺激宿主免疫系统产生免疫应答 ,但宿主体内原有的成虫并不受影响 ,仍存活 ,并可对再次入侵的血吸虫尾蚴起到清除或杀伤作用 ,此乃称为伴随免疫 (concomitantimmunity)。     

Research and Evaluation of the Influence of the Construction of the Gate and the Influence of the Piston Velocity on the Distribution of Gases into the Volume of the Casting

Distribution of gasses to the cast volume and volume of pores can be maintained within the acceptable limits by means of correct setting of technological parameters of casting and by selection of suitable structure and gating system arrangement. The main idea of this paper solves the issue of suitability of die casting adjustment—i.e., change of technological parameters or change of structural solution of the gating system—with regards to inner soundness of casts produced in die casting process. Parameters which were compared included height of a gate and velocity of a piston. The melt velocity in the gate was used as a correlating factor between the gate height and piston velocity. The evaluated parameter was gas entrapment in the cast at the end of the filling phase of die casting cycle and at the same time percentage of porosity in the samples taken from the main runner. On the basis of the performed experiments it was proved that the change of technological parameters, particularly of pressing velocity of the piston, directly influences distribution of gasses to the cast volume.     

Weighing the QT Intervals with the Slope or the Amplitude of the T Wave

Objective: The reproducibility of QT interval measurements is low, even for the mean QT interval based on the standard ECG. In this study we analyzed whether the reproducibility of the mean weighed QT interval was better than the simple mean QT interval. The weighing was based on the amplitude of the T wave or the slope of the steepest tangent on the terminal part of the T wave. Material and methods: 12‐lead ECGs of 130 postmyocardial infarction patients were obtained. The QT intervals were measured by the tangent‐method on two occasions by the same observer Mismatch QT intervals were defined as QT intervals that were measured at only one occasion. Sixteen ECGs were rejected. The data were split into 34 and 80 ECGs for optimization and validation of the weighing, respectively. The weighed QT dispersion was calculated as the weighed mean of the three longest minus the weighed mean of the three shortest QT intervals. Results: Weighing with the slope increased the reproducibility by 41% (P = 3 10^‐6), but weighing with the amplitude reduced it by 20% (P = 0.02). However, if measurements with errors above 75 ms were rejected, weighing with the slope or the amplitude increased the reproducibility with 26% and 20% (P = 0.02), respectively. Weighing did not change the reproducibility of the weighed QT dispersion. Conclusion: Weighing with the slope improved the reproducibility of the mean weighed QT interval. However, if measurements with errors above 75 ms were rejected, weighing with the amplitude also increased the reproducibility. Weighing did not change the reproducibility of the weighed QT dispersion. Weighing is particularly efficient at reducing the negative impact of mismatch QT intervals on the reproducibility. A.N.E. 2002;7(1):4–9     

县级以下综合医疗机构医务人员对现代结控知识的认识现状调查

目的本文旨在了解医务人员现代结控知识掌握的现状及培训效果?方法于培训前后进行问卷调查,内容包括:病例发现?结核病诊断及化疗?结果培训前疫情报告和转诊,回答正确者占75.2%?71.7%;对临床表现?查痰和诊断依据,回答正确者占83.5%?42.5%?40.8%;抗痨药物?用药方法?化疗原则?短化方案?短化疗程?治愈标准六项,回答正确者占58%?14.4%?20.8%?9.2%?17%?24.3%?培训后再次调查发现,90%以上医务人员对现代结控基本知识已掌握?结论各级医务人员现代结控知识是很贫乏的,因此,对其进行系统培训是极为必要的,此项工作省时?省力?投入少,可收到事半功倍的效果。     

大骨节病病区水,粮实验对动物的骨和软骨中化学元素组成的影响

用质子激发 X 线荧光分析方法(PIXE)测定了大骨节病病区和非病区的水、粮以及用该水粮喂养的大白鼠的肋软骨和硬骨中22种化学元素的含量。结果发现水粮中存在差异的元素反应在用该水粮喂养的大白鼠的骨、软骨中也存在差异,含量都低的元素有 P、Mn、Cu、As、Zn。都高的有铅。其中锌低在水、粮、硬骨和软骨中都完全一致呈非常显著性差异(p<0.01)。提示病区水、粮中化学元素对骨质的影响不是单一元素缺乏或过多所致,而是多种元素的复合因素。     

Assessment of the Soft-Tissue Seal at the Interface between the Base of the Fixed Denture Pontic and the Oral Mucosa

Fixed dentures (bridges) are often selected as a treatment option for a defective prosthesis. In this study, we assess the contact condition between the base of the pontic and oral mucosa, and examine the effect of prosthetic preparation and material biocompatibility. The molars were removed and replaced with experimental implants with a free-end type bridge superstructure after one week. In Experiment 1, we assessed different types of prosthetic pre-treatment: (1) the untreated control group (Con: mucosa recovering from the tooth extraction); (2) the laser irradiation group (Las: mucosa recovering after the damage caused by a CO₂ laser); and (3) the tooth extraction group (Ext: mucosa recovering immediately after the teeth extraction). In Experiment 2, five materials (titanium, zirconia, porcelain, gold-platinum alloy, and self-curing resin) were placed at the base of the bridge pontic. Four weeks after the placement of the bridge, the mucosa adjacent to the pontic base was histologically analyzed. In Experiment 1, the Con and Las groups exhibited no formation of an epithelial sealing structure on the pontic base. In the Ext group, adherent epithelium was observed. In Experiment 2, the sealing properties at the pontic interface were superior for titanium and the zirconia compared with those made of porcelain or gold-platinum alloy. In the resin group, a clear delay in epithelial healing was observed.     

高胆红素血症对肿瘤标志物测定的影响探讨

目的探讨高胆红素血症对Ca19-9、Ca24-2和CEA检测的影响.方法对320例胆管、胆囊良恶性疾病病人,15例胆囊炎病人的胆汁和血清以及10例肝硬化、10例黄疸肝炎病人进行Ca19-9、Ca24-2和CEA检测.结果在良性胆管、胆囊疾病中,Ca19-9的假阳性最高;在胆红素增高的良性疾病中,Ca19-9假阳性率达46.7%;15例胆汁和血清以及10例肝硬化和10例黄疸肝炎病人中,Ca19-9的假阳性率分别为93%、20%、80%和80%.结论高胆红素血症对Ca19-9检测影响最明显,胆囊、胆管良恶性疾病鉴别时,以Ca24-2和CEA检测为佳.     

Echocardiography in the Emergency Department: From the Perspective of the Emergency Physician and the Cardiologist

Echocardiography performed in the emergency department must adapt to this new setting for noninvasive diagnostic testing. Emergency physicians require echocardiography to provide rapid diagnosis in life-threatening emergencies. New initiatives are being proposed by emergency physicians in the delivery of this test. Cardiologists now use echocardiography in the emergency-department to make the diagnosis of heart disease earlier and with greater accuracy.