BRD4通过靶向GSTP1调控食管癌TE-1细胞顺铂敏感性

目的 揭示食管癌组织中溴结构域蛋白4(BRD4)表达水平,并分析其与谷胱甘肽硫基转移酶P1(GSTP1)分子的联系,探究BRD4在人食管癌细胞(TE-1细胞)顺铂敏感性调控中的作用。方法 基于癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)数据利用R语言包解析BRD4在食管癌及癌旁正常组织中表达情况;基因表法普交互分析(GEPIA2)在线评估食管癌肿瘤组织中BRD4与化疗药物解毒酶GSTP1表达的联系;通过小干扰RNA(siRNA)和靶向抑制剂(+)-JQ1(25、50和100 nM)分别处理食管癌TE-1细胞,通过蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)验证食管癌TE-1细胞中BRD4及GSTP1蛋白表达变化;TE-1细胞(+)-JQ1预处理(50 nM, 24 h)前后及结合顺铂(DDP, 5μg/ml, 24 h),运用Western blot实验检测凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2关联X蛋白(Bax)、淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(Caspase-3)及半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3切割体(cleaved-caspase-3)表达变化;采用CCK-8法检测TE-1细胞经(+)-JQ1(5...     

去甲斑蝥素调控YAP增强A549细胞对顺铂的敏感性

目的探讨去甲斑蝥素联合顺铂调控A549细胞对顺铂敏感性和增殖能力的影响,以及YAP分子是否参与这一过程。方法以A549细胞为实验对象,通过RT-PCR、Western blot和免疫荧光实验检测活化的caspase-3、Annexin V、YAP及YAP靶基因CTGF和Cyr61的表达水平;CCK-8和MTT实验检测各药物对细胞的增殖抑制率;荧光素报告基因实验检测各药物对YAP转录活性的影响。结果原癌基因YAP在肺癌细胞中高表达且处于活化状态,高表达的YAP促进肺癌细胞增殖。高浓度的去甲斑蝥素和顺铂能明显降低A549细胞的增殖能力,然而低浓度的顺铂和去甲斑蝥素的联合用药可通过调控YAP,增加A549细胞对顺铂的敏感性,进而抑制细胞增殖。结论低浓度的去甲斑蝥素和顺铂的联合用药增加A549细胞对顺铂的敏感性,明显降低YAP的转录活性和YAP的蛋白水平,降低其靶基因CTGF和Cyr61的表达水平,从而抑制细胞增殖。     

紫杉醇联合顺铂、卡铂辅助化疗治疗晚期复发转移乳腺癌的临床观察

目的：探讨紫杉醇联合顺铂、卡铂辅助化疗治疗晚期复发转移乳腺癌的临床效果。方法选取确诊的晚期复发转移乳腺癌患者45例,患者均接受辅助化学治疗方案,其中紫杉醇75 mg/m2,静脉滴注第1天,顺铂75 mg/m2,静脉滴注第1天,21 d为1个周期,化疗至少2个周期;之后再给予静脉滴注卡铂75 mg/m2,1 d/次,21 d为1个周期,治疗3个周期,观察所有患者的临床疗效及毒副反应发生情况。结果45例患者中完全缓解（CR）2例,部分缓解（PR）20例,稳定（SD）15例,进展（PD）4例,总有效率为48．9％（22/45）;毒副反应中常见的有骨髓抑制（白细胞减少、血小板减少）,恶心、呕吐等胃肠道反应,肝肾功能减退,神经毒性,过敏及脱发等。结论紫杉醇联合顺铂、卡铂辅助化疗治疗晚期复发转移乳腺癌临效果较好,无严重的毒副反应,安全性高,治疗晚期复发转移乳腺癌有较好的前景。     

HMGN5基因敲除对人膀胱上皮癌细胞顺铂化疗敏感性的影响

目的探讨HMGN5基因敲除对人膀胱上皮癌细胞顺铂化疗敏感性的影响。方法采用不同浓度CDDP(0、1、2、4,8、16μg/ml)处理人UBC细胞系,采用Western blot、菌落形成、细胞侵袭、细胞凋亡及Hoechst 33342染色法评价HMGN55蛋白敲除对UBC细胞CDDP敏感性的影响,同时分析HMGN5基因参与到UBC细胞CDDP治疗环节可能分子机制。结果 UBC细胞株5637、t24及UM-UC-3中HMGN5蛋白表达,其中5637细胞系HMGN5蛋白水平最高,而UM-UC-3细胞中最低(P<0.05);5637细胞系对CDDP敏感性显著低于其他两种(P<0.05),且UM-UC-3细胞系敏感性最高;UBC细胞系HMGN5敲除后P-Akt表达显著下降(P<0.05);CDDP处理后P-Akt活性亦随之降低(P<0.05);CDDP处理还可下调VEGF-C和SLUG表达,上调E-Cad表达(P<0.05);5637细胞HMGN5基因敲除后早期凋亡率显著提高,而加入IGF-1可逆转这一过程(P<0.05);与阴性对照组和IGF-1治疗组相比,HMGN5敲除组凋亡核百分比显著升高(P<0.05);与对照组相比,HMGN5基因敲除显著下调P-AKT和VEGF-C表达,上调E-Cad、细胞色素C、裂解半胱天冬酶-3、裂解PARP表达(P<0.05);而添加IGF-1可逆转以上蛋白质表达变化(P<0.05)。结论 HMGN5可能是顺铂治疗潜在靶点,抑制HMGN5基因有助于增加UBC细胞化疗敏感性,这一作用主要通过干扰PI3K/Akt信号通路实现。     

P53在三阴性乳腺癌中的表达及其与铂类化疗药物敏感性的关系

【摘要】目的 探讨P53对三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）预后的意义及其与铂类化疗药物敏感性的关系。方法选取 291例原发性乳腺癌患者的新鲜癌组织（新发组）,采用肿瘤原代细胞胶原凝胶体包埋化疗药物敏感性检测技术（CD-DST法）进行常用化疗药物（多西他赛、表柔比星、吡柔比星、诺维本、顺铂）的体外检测,用免疫组化方法检测患者中P53的表达,分析其与各临床病理特征及化疗药物敏感性的关系。同时回顾性收集有完整临床和随访资料及完整的生物学指标检测结果的153例TNBC患者资料作为随访组,采用Cox回归分析影响患者无瘤生存期的因素。结果 291例原发性乳腺癌患者中,TNBC患者43例,其中P53阳性表达率为62.79%（27/43）,高于非三阴性乳腺癌（30.65%,76/248）。在组织学Ⅲ级患者中,P53的阳性表达率为66.04%,高于组织学Ⅰ级（23.73%)和Ⅱ级（30.17%）的阳性表达率。P53是影响TNBC患者无瘤生存期的影响因素,其阳性表达者的5年无瘤生存率低于阴性者（69.7% vs 89.4%,P = 0.001）。对顺铂化疗药物敏感的TNBC中P53阳性表达率低于耐药组,差异有统计学意义（P = 0.018）。结论 P53阳性是判断TNBC预后较差的指标之一,其表达和铂类化疗药物敏感性呈负相关。     

糖原合成酶激酶3β对顺铂治疗肺癌敏感性的影响

目的 通过构建高表达糖原合成酶激酶3β( GSK 3β)的肺癌A549细胞转基因细胞模型,探讨GSK 3β对顺铂治疗肺癌敏感性的影响.方法 RT-PCR方法扩增目的基因GSK 3β;分子克隆技术构建哺乳动物细胞表达载体;脂质体Lipofectamine2000转染A549细胞;Western blot验证A549-GSK 3β稳定株;采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝比色法(MIT法)检测细胞存活率,绘制生长曲线.结果 A549-GSK 3β转染组对顺铂半数存活浓度(IC50)值为2.2,相比A549-vector组(4.2)和A549组(4.3)差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 GSK3β与顺铂有协同效应,可以提高肺癌肿瘤细胞对顺铂的敏感性,为肺癌治疗提供了新思路.     

培美曲塞联合顺铂治疗转移性乳腺癌的疗效观察

目的 探讨培美曲塞联合顺铂治疗对蒽环类、紫杉醇类等多药耐药的转移性乳腺癌的疗效及不良反应.方法 经蒽环类和紫杉类药物治疗失败的转移性乳腺癌患者12例,给予联合化疗：培美曲塞500 mg/m2第1天＋顺铂75 mg/m2,分成第1、2、3天静脉滴注,每3周重复,并预处理及补充叶酸、维生素B12.至少2个周期一次评价疗效及不良反应直至病情进展.结果 12例均可评价疗效,全组无完全缓解（CR）病例,1例部分缓解（PR）,5例稳定（SD）,中位生存期为9.8个月,总有效率（CR＋PR）为8.3%.主要不良反应为粒细胞下降和胃肠道反应.结论 培美曲塞联合顺铂不失为治疗晚期对蒽环类、紫杉醇类耐药的转移性乳腺癌的一种治疗方案,且不良反应尚能耐受.     

柚皮素通过AMPK通路介导的自噬对顺铂耐药宫颈癌细胞(HeLa/DDP)顺铂耐药性的影响

目的 探究柚皮素对顺铂耐药宫颈癌细胞(HeLa/DDP)顺铂耐药性的影响,并探究其分子机制.方法 体外培养人HeLa/DDP细胞、HeLa细胞,CCK-8法检测不同质量浓度顺铂对HeLa/DDP、HeLa细胞增殖的影响及不同质量浓度柚皮素对HeLa/DDP细胞增殖的影响.设置对照组、顺铂组(2 mg/L顺铂)、顺铂+柚...     

二甲双胍增强Ishikawa细胞对顺铂化疗敏感性的实验研究

目的观察二甲双胍体外增强顺铂对子宫内膜癌Ishikawa细胞化疗敏感性的作用,并探讨可能的作用机制。方法实验分为空白对照组、二甲双胍组(培养液中二甲双胍终浓度为10mmol/L)、顺铂组(培养液中顺铂终浓度为20μmol/L)、联合组(培养液中二甲双胍和顺铂的终浓度分别为10mmol/L和20μmol/L),各组作用24h,CCK-8法和细胞克隆形成法检测细胞增殖抑制率和存活率,金氏公式评价二药协同效果;Transwell法检测细胞侵袭力;流式细胞仪检测细胞周期分布及凋亡率;蛋白质印迹法检测葡萄糖调节蛋白(GRP)78蛋白表达水平。结果二甲双胍、顺铂均可抑制Ishikawa细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡、降低细胞存活率和侵袭力;二甲双胍可阻滞细胞周期于G0/G1期,顺铂单独或联用二甲双胍可阻滞细胞周期于G2/M期,并能下调GRP78蛋白表达水平(P<0.05),二药联用上述作用效果更为显著(P<0.01)。结论二甲双胍能够增强顺铂对子宫内膜癌Ishikawa细胞的化疗敏感性,这种作用部分是通过下调GRP78蛋白实现的。     

ERK1/2信号转导通路与肿瘤的相关性及治疗

ERK1/2(extrallular signal regul.ated protein kinase,又称P42/44MAPK,细胞外信号调节激酶)信号转导通路,是MAPK(mitogen activated protein kinase,丝裂原活化蛋白激酶)信号转导通路家族的一条.在近年来的研究中多种ERK1/2通路上的蛋白被发现,研究表明此信号通路异常与多种肿瘤的发生发展密切相关.因此,针对这条通路上的某些级联途径的一个部分,理论上都有抗肿瘤的作用.本文就该通路的特点及其异常与肿瘤的相关性及治疗上的一些进展作一综述.     

Stromal cell-derived factor-1 enhances motility and integrin up-regulation through CXCR4, ERK and NF-kappaB-dependent pathway in human lung cancer cells

The chemokine stromal-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha) and its receptor, CXCR4, play a crucial role in adhesion and migration of human cancer cells. Integrins are the major adhesive molecules in mammalian cells. Here we found that SDF-1alpha increased the migration and cell surface expression of beta1 or beta3 integrin in human lung cancer cells (A549 cells). CXCR4-neutralizing antibody, CXCR4 specific inhibitor (AMD3100) or small interfering RNA against CXCR4 inhibited the SDF-1alpha-induced increase in the migration of lung cancer cells. Stimulation of cells with SDF-1alpha caused an increase in extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in a time-dependent manner. In addition, treatment of A549 cells with ERK inhibitor (PD98059), NF-kappaB inhibitor (PDTC) or IkappaB protease inhibitor (TPCK) inhibited SDF-1alpha-induced cells migration and integrins expression. Treatment of A549 cells with SDF-1alpha induced IkappaB kinase alpha/beta (IKK alpha/beta) phosphorylation, IkappaBalpha phosphorylation, IkappaBalpha degradation, p65 Ser(536) phosphorylation, and kappaB-luciferase activity. The SDF-1alpha-mediated increases in IKK alpha/beta phosphorylation, p65 Ser(536) phosphorylation, and kappaB-luciferase activity were inhibited by PD98059 and ERK2 mutant. Taken together, these results suggest that SDF-1alpha acts through CXCR4 to activate ERK, which in turn activates IKKalpha/beta and NF-kappaB, resulting in the activations of beta1 and beta3 integrins and contributing the migration of lung cancer cell.     

低频超声联合微泡对比剂通过PI3K/AKT通路对乳腺癌耐药株MCF-7/ADR多药耐药的逆转机制研究

目的 探索低频超声联合微泡（LFUSMB）通过磷脂酰肌醇3激酶（PI3K）/蛋白激酶B（AKT）通路对乳腺癌 耐药株MCF-7/阿霉素（ADR）多药耐药的逆转效果及机制。方法 CCK-8法筛选LFUSMB作用时间并测定ADR对 MCF-7/ADR 细胞的半抑制浓度（IC50）。将 MCF-7/ADR 细胞分组为：对照（C）组,采用 MCF 细胞培养基正常培养; ADR组,采用加入ADR（终质量浓度20 mg/L）的MCF细胞培养基培养;LFUSMB+ADR组,采用加入ADR（终质量浓度 20 mg/L）的MCF细胞培养基培养并经LFUSMB处理30 s;LFUSMB+ADR+740 YP（PI3K/AKT通路活化剂）组,采用加 入 ADR（终质量浓度 20 mg/L）和 740 YP（终质量浓度 50 mg/L）的 MCF 细胞培养基培养并经 LFUSMB 处理 30 s。 Annexin V-FIFC/PI 法检测 MCF-7/ADR 细胞凋亡率,Western blot 检测 P 糖蛋白（P-gp）、抗多药耐药蛋白（MRP）1、 MRP2、乳腺癌抗性蛋白（BCRP/ABCG2）、PI3K、AKT、p-PI3K、p-AKT蛋白表达。结果 采用LFUSMB干预30 s进行 后续研究。LFUSMB 30 s组ADR对MCF/ADR细胞的IC50低于未超声处理组,相对耐药逆转倍数约为8.20倍。ADR 组细胞凋亡率较C组增高（P＜0.05）,MRP1、MRP2、P-gp、BCRP/ABCG2、p-PI3K/PI3K和p-AKT/AKT 蛋白水平无明 显变化;LFUSMB+ADR组细胞凋亡率较ADR组增高,MRP1、MRP2、P-gp、BCRP/ABCG2、p-PI3K/PI3K和p-AKT/AKT 蛋白水平显著下调（P＜0.05）。与 LFUSMB+ADR 组比较,LFUSMB+ADR+740 YP 组细胞凋亡率显著降低,MRP1、 MRP2、P-gp、BCRP/ABCG2 蛋白水平显著增高（P＜0.05）。结论 LFUSMB 可通过抑制 PI3K/AKT 通路活化,下调 MRP1等腺苷三磷酸结合盒（ABC）家族蛋白表达,逆转乳腺癌MCF-7/ADR细胞耐药性。     

Resveratrol modulates roscovitine-mediated cell cycle arrest of human MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

Human MCF-7 breast cancer cells are relatively resistant to anti-cancer drugs. Recently, we reported that roscovitine (ROSC), a selective cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, arrested human MCF-7 breast cancer cells in G2 phase of the cell cycle and concomitantly induced apoptosis. Moreover, we observed that the effect of the CDK inhibitor was dependent on the content of the culture medium. The cell cycle inhibiting action of ROSC was markedly diminished in human MCF-7 cells cultivated in medium supplemented with phenol red. These observations indicated that the therapeutic effects of ROSC can be affected by the components of the tissue medium. Recently, a number of epidemiological and experimental studies indicated that polyphenols (e.g. resveratrol, epicatechins etc.), abundant micronutrients in food, are anti-oxidant agents and could have strong anti-mitotic as well as pro-apoptotic activities. In the present contribution we raised the question whether the ROSC-mediated cell cycle arrest could be additionally modulated by compounds of natural origin, especially by polyphenols. Considering the potential benefits of the dietary components during the post-chemotherapy period, we focused our attention on the effects of resveratrol administration after treatment with ROSC. We analyzed whether the combined treatment with resveratrol would exert any additional effect on the cell cycle status of ROSC-treated human cancer cells. Resveratrol exhibited low direct cytotoxicity. The combined treatment with ROSC enhanced the ROSC-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation and cell cycle arrest. These results indicate that targeted combination of anti-cancer drugs with distinct naturally occurring compounds could increase the efficacy of the therapy and concomitantly reduce the undesired side effects exerted by cytostatic drugs.     

Effective attenuation of acute lung injury in vivo and the formyl peptide-induced neutrophil activation in vitro by CYL-26z through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma pathway

5-[4-Acridin-9-ylamino]phenyl]-5-methyl-3-methylenedihydrofuran-2-one (CYL-26z) inhibited the polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) infiltration and protein leakage into the lungs in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice as determined on the basis of PMNL and protein contents in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and myeloperoxidase (MPO) content in whole lung extracts. CYL-26z also attenuated the formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP)-induced neutrophil chemotaxis and respiratory burst in vitro (IC(50) 8.4+/-0.9microM and 2.0+/-0.6microM, respectively). CYL-26z had no effect on superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) generation during dihydroxyfumaric acid autoxidation or on the NADPH oxidase activity in two cell-free systems (the arachidonic acid-induced assembly of NADPH oxidase and the preassembled oxidase caused by phorbol ester treatment), whereas it inhibited NaF-induced respiratory burst. Inhibition of respiratory burst by CYL-26z was readily reversible by washing. Only slight, but significant, inhibition of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in response to fMLP by CYL-26z up to 30microM was obtained. CYL-26z effectively blocked the formation of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3)) as determined by immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry assays and the dual phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) on S473 and T308 residues in fMLP-stimulated neutrophils. The membrane recruitment of p110gamma and Ras, the Ras activation, and the association between p110gamma and Ras were also attenuated by CYL-26z. These results indicate that the blockade of Ras activation by CYL-26z attenuated the downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) gamma signaling, which is involved in chemoattractant-induced neutrophil chemotaxis and respiratory burst, and may have a beneficial anti-inflammatory effect on ALI.     

Alterations of DNA damage response pathway: Biomarker and therapeutic strategy for cancer immunotherapy

Genomic instability remains an enabling feature of cancer and promotes malignant transformation. Alterations of DNA damage response (DDR) pathways allow genomic instability, generate neoantigens, upregulate the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and interact with signaling such as cyclic GMP–AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS–STING) signaling. Here, we review the basic knowledge of DDR pathways, mechanisms of genomic instability induced by DDR alterations, impacts of DDR alterations on immune system, and the potential applications of DDR alterations as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer immunotherapy.     

Opportunities in discovery and delivery of anticancer drugs targeting mitochondria and cancer cell metabolism

Cancer cells are characterized by self-sufficiency in the absence of growth signals, their ability to evade apoptosis, resistance to anti-growth signals, sustained angiogenesis, uncontrolled proliferation, and invasion and metastasis. Alterations in cellular bioenergetics are an emerging hallmark of cancer. The mitochondrion is the major organelle implicated in the cellular bioenergetic and biosynthetic changes accompanying cancer. These bioenergetic modifications contribute to the invasive, metastatic and adaptive properties typical in most tumors. Moreover, mitochondrial DNA mutations complement the bioenergetic changes in cancer. Several cancer management therapies have been proposed that target tumor cell metabolism and mitochondria. Glycolytic inhibitors serve as a classical example of cancer metabolism targeting agents. Several TCA cycle and OXPHOS inhibitors are being tested for their anticancer potential. Moreover, agents targeting the PDC/PDK (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex/pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase) interaction are being studied for reversal of Warburg effect. Targeting of the apoptotic regulatory machinery of mitochondria is another potential anticancer field in need of exploration. Additionally, oxidative phosphorylation uncouplers, potassium channel modulators, and mitochondrial redox are under investigation for their anticancer potential. To this end there is an increased demand for agents that specifically hit their target. Delocalized lipophilic cations have shown tremendous potential in delivering anticancer agents selectively to tumor cells. This review provides an overview of the potential anticancer agents that act by targeting cancer cell metabolism and mitochondria, and also brings us face to face with the emerging opportunities in cancer therapy.