父母冲突和友谊质量对青少年抑郁发展趋势的影响

目的：考察父母冲突与友谊质量对青少年抑郁发展趋势的影响。方法：采用父母冲突问卷、友谊质量问卷和流调中心用抑郁量表对882名初一学生,进行为期两年的三次追踪调查。结果：(1)青少年抑郁发展呈现非线性增长的趋势;(2)父母冲突显著正向预测青少年抑郁的发展趋势,且解释抑郁截距方差变异的13%;(3)友谊质量显著负向预测青少年抑郁的发展趋势,且解释抑郁截距方差变异的9%。结论：青少年抑郁在初中阶段整体上呈上升趋势,父母冲突对青少年抑郁的初始水平和发展速度有明显的促进作用;友谊质量对青少年抑郁的初始水平和发展速度有明显的抑制作用。     

抑郁障碍青少年及其父母的求助行为

目的：了解抑郁障碍青少年与父母的求助行为（病因解释，求助途径，延误就诊时间与来诊期望）。方法：对61例门诊抑郁障碍青少年家庭采用求助半定式问卷，SDS，C—GAS调查。结果：患者求助延误平均17个月，与父母无明显差异（P〉0．05），母亲是就诊决策的主要因素（77．5％），患者发病年龄越大、功能越好，就诊延迟时间越长；患者将病因归为外界压力与个性缺陷。父母更倾向于家庭养育问题、婚姻不合和个性缺陷；对专业机构有心理治疗需求。结论：考虑家庭求助特征有利于制定抑郁障碍青少年的干预方案。     

父母关系质量对青少年抑郁的影响

本研究采用问卷法对1137名职业院校学生进行调查研究,通过建立有中介的调节模型考察父母关系质量对青少年抑郁水平的作用机制及性别的调节作用.结果表明:①父母关系质量可直接预测青少年抑郁水平,且存在显著的性别差异,父母关系质量对女生抑郁水平的预测作用显著,父母关系质量差的女生抑郁水平高,但父母关系质量对男生抑郁水平的预测作...     

抑郁障碍青少年自伤行为、自杀观念相关因素剖析

目的：探讨影响抑郁障碍青少年自伤行为和自杀观念的相关因素。方法：连续收集75例门诊及住院抑郁障碍青少年患者，采用自编调查资料表、症状自评量表（SCL-90）、应对方式问卷、青少年生活事件量表（ASLEC）、父母养育方式评价量表（EMBU）、儿童归因风格问卷（CASQ）对其进行相应测查。结果：不同性别抑郁障碍青少年自伤行为和自杀观念有较大差别，有无自杀观念受母亲受教育程度影响较大，有自伤行为的患者存在较多自评精神症状，且白伤行为和自杀观念与应激性生活事件、父母养育方式、应对方式、归因风格有关。结论：有自伤行为的患者受较多外界因素影响。     

70例青少年抑郁障碍心理社会学影响因素探讨

目的：探讨青少年抑郁障碍的心理社会学影响因素。方法：连续收集70例门诊抑郁障碍患者，采用自编社会人口学资料表、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、中国版明尼苏达多项人格问卷(MMPI)、ZUNG氏抑郁自评量表(SDS)、ZUNG氏焦虑自评量表(SAS)、青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)、父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)对70例诊断为抑郁障碍的青少年及其父母进行相应测查。结果：青少年抑郁障碍的产生及病情轻重可能与应激性生活事件、家庭关系、父母心理健康水平及父母养育方式等有关。结论：认识这一点，有利于临床诊断、预防和治疗。     

功能性消化不良患者抑郁心理对生活质量的影响

目的探讨功能性消化不良患者抑郁心理对生活质量的影响。方法应用李凌江等编制的生活质量综合评定问卷(gen-eral quality of life inventory,GOLI)评定48例功能性消化不良伴有明显抑郁症状患者的生活质量,并与52例无抑郁症状的功能性消化不良患者以及50例健康人进行比较。结论功能性消化不良伴抑郁症状患者除自尊、住房、收入与消费、生活环境等因素与健康对照组比较差异无显著性外,在生活质量的其他方面,功能性消化不良者均明显较健康对照组差(P<0.05)。与非抑郁组比较;认知功能、躯体不适感、生理功能、运动与感官功能等方面均明显降低(P<0.05),而非抑郁组与健康对照组除身体不适感、工作等方面下降外,其余各方面差异无显著意义。结论功能性消化不良伴抑郁症状患者生活质量明显降低。     

青少年心境障碍伴自杀未遂患者的决策特征

目的:通过计算模型来分析青少年自杀未遂者不同维度的决策特征。方法:总共纳入符合疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类第十次修订本(ICD-10)心境障碍诊断标准的伴自杀未遂的青少年心境障碍患者70例,非自杀未遂的青少年心境障碍患者40例,以及正常青少年对照49例。使用金钱选择问卷(MCQ)、爱荷华博弈任务(IGT),并采用计算模型分析,考察青少年自杀未遂者的冲动性决策和基于价值和学习的决策表现和潜在认知成分。结果:自杀未遂组、非自杀未遂组和正常对照组在MCQ中的总体延迟折扣率差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);自杀未遂组和非自杀未遂组的总体延迟折扣率高于正常对照组(P<0.05);3组被试在IGT中的净分数得分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。计算模型分析显示,相比于非自杀未遂组和正常对照组,自杀未遂组表现出对结果的敏感性降低以及探索性降低(参数估计80%HDI不重叠)。结论:青少年自杀未遂者可能无法通过对决策的结果进行学习,无法探索更多可能的方案来解决危机,而冲动性决策损害可能与抑郁状态而非自杀未遂有关。     

抑郁障碍患者生活事件和社会支持的研究

目的了解生活事件和社会支持与抑郁障碍患者发病的关系。方法采用生活事件量表和社会支持量表作评定工具,对42例抑郁障碍患者与42例正常人进行研究。结果抑郁障碍患者负性生活事件和正性生活事件及生活事件总值均显著高于对照组(P<0.01),而抑郁障碍患者的社会支持量表分明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论生活事件和社会支持不足与抑郁障碍患者的发病密切相关。     

青少年非自杀性自伤与抑郁障碍关系的研究进展

非自杀性自伤(NSSI)行为已经成为威胁青少年身心健康乃至生命的重要心理问题。研究发现非自杀性自伤与抑郁障碍相关,尽早发现和及时干预NSSI行为能有效预防抑郁情绪、自杀行为。本文对青少年非自杀性自伤行为与抑郁障碍关系的研究进展进行了综述,期望为早期发现、评估和干预NSSI行为及抑郁障碍提供借鉴。     

社区老年人抑郁障碍及影响因素调查

目的 调查社区老年人抑郁障碍的现状。方法 采用问卷，对杭州市５８１名社区老年人进行入户调查。结果 有１６．７％存在抑郁障碍，女性、７０岁以上老年人抑郁障碍发生率更高。婚姻状况、经济状况、家庭关系、业余爱好、身体状况等对抑郁的产生起作用。结论重视社区老年人的抑郁障碍，关注影响抑郁障碍的社会因素。     

Recent life events and attempted suicide

The contextual method was used to identify the incidence of recent life events and difficulties among 50 suicide attempters compared with a control group selected at random from the general population. Suicide attempters experienced a significantly greater incidence of major life events, although for all life events irrespective of stressfulness, and for independent events the differences were not significant. The overall incidence of difficulties was also higher among suicide attempters. Finally, the results suggest a vulnerability effect as far as three factors are concerned: early loss of/separation from one or both parents, absence of paid employment and living in a nuclear family.     

Community attitudes toward childhood suicide and attempted suicide

To assess whether people's reactions to family members of child suicide attemptors were similar to reactions to family members of (a) actual suicides and (b) actual suicides that were preceded by a failed suicide attempt, 120 shoppers (60 men and 60 women) read and responded to one of five short newspaper articles about an incident of a 10-year-old child who either (a) attempted suicide, (b) committed suicide, (c) committed suicide after a previous suicide attempt, (d) died accidentally, or (e) died of a viral illness. Opinions about the psychological health of the victim and reactions to the surviving family varied depending on the nature of the incident. However, in many instances reactions to families of suicide attemptors could not be differentiated from reactions to families of actual suicides. Therefore, it is likely that the number of people affected by negative community reactions to suicidal behavior has been previously underestimated.     

Psychotherapeutic management of suicide attempts in children and early adolescents: working with parents

Metatherapy (a psychotherapeutic procedure based upon parental couple collaboration) is a technique useful for working with severely disorganized family contexts, in which psychopathological diseases (such as psychotic or psychosomatic disorders, suicide attempts of the children etc.) can appear. The management of the family has two definite phases: (a) case evaluation, with the participation of the whole family group and (b) case treatment, with exclusive participation and active collaboration of the parental couple. The usefulness of this therapeutic tool proceeds from the restructuration and boundary delimitation that it provides, stressing the recuperation of parental executive capacity. Thus, metatherapy can be used in the treatment of suicide attempts and severe depression of children and early adolescents, because the patients can see themselves free of the mark of illness, and the parents (usually suffering from a very strong anxiety and powerful feelings of guilt) can be confirmed in their role and be pleased to give their collaboration for the treatment of their family. These interactional changes improve the clinical outcome of these cases.     

Psychopathology and quality of life for adolescents with asthma and their parents

Asthma is known to have a direct impact on the quality of life of children with asthma and their families as a consequence of the attacks on day-to-day life. Psychopathological factors may be associated with poor quality of life by modulating the handicap and the patient's experience of it. The authors' objective was to evaluate the relationship between emotional and behavioral problems and quality of life, as assessed by the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Pediatric Asthma Caregiver's Quality of Life Questionnaire. The study group consisted of 100 adolescent outpatients with asthma who were undergoing regular checkups: 70 boys and 30 girls, ages 12 to 19. They were evaluated by means of self-administered questionnaires completed by their parents. Path analysis was used to propose a model of relationships between psychopathology and quality of life. The quality of life of the children with asthma and their parents was clearly associated with the presence or absence of psychological problems in the patients. Emotional problems were associated with the quality of life of both the patients and their parents; behavioral problems had a smaller effect on the quality of life of the parents only. The authors proposed a structural model of the quality of life of adolescents with asthma and their parents in which quality of life is dependent on psychological variables and is responsible for emotional problems. Multivariate analyses indicated that the quality of life of the children with asthma and their parents and the correlation between quality of life and psychopathology depended little on medical variables such as the duration of illness, its pretreatment severity, or hospitalizations in the past year. In contrast, the quality of life of the parents depended on that of the children and vice versa. This study showed that scores on the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Pediatric Asthma Caregiver's Quality of Life Questionnaire reflected not only the medical status of the patients but also psychological variables, which appeared to be a consequence of the functional handicap associated with asthma. Patients who assess the quality of their lives as poor would benefit from psychological evaluation and support.     

北京心理援助热线来电者自杀未遂的相关因素

目的:探讨心理援助热线来电者自杀未遂行为的发生情况及其相关因素,为制定自杀热线干预措施提供依据。方法:北京市心理援助热线接线员在2002-2008年接听全部有效来电时,询问来电者在2周内是否实施过自杀行为,使用抑郁症诊断筛查量表评估其抑郁情绪,询问来电者是否有过酒精或其他物质滥用或依赖、有无常见精神症状、既往自杀未遂史、急性和慢性生活事件、希望程度等与自杀行为有关因素。结果:有22 415个来电者被纳入研究。362个(1.6%)来电者报告了2周内实施过自杀行为,女性233人,男性129人。在控制了人口学因素等变量后,既往自杀未遂史(OR=4.43,95%CI:3.37-5.83)、无望(OR=2.01,95%CI:1.52-2.67)、物质滥用(OR=1.97,95%CI:1.48-2.62)、急性生活事件(OR=1.94,95%CI:1.49-2.52)及严重抑郁情绪(OR=1.45,95%CI:1.08-1.95)与来电者实施自杀未遂行为有关联。结论:心理援助热线来电者自杀未遂行为发生率较高,对该群体的自杀干预要注重既往自杀未遂史、物质使用及生活事件的应对。     

Time patterns of attempted suicide

BACKGROUND: The association of mental disorders with time patterns of attempted suicide is poorly understood. METHODS: The study material consisted of all consecutive suicide attempts admitted to health care in Helsinki during a one-year period from 15 January 1997 to 14 January 1998. Clinical diagnosis was made according to ICD-10. RESULTS: Overall, the rate of suicide attempts varied markedly during the study period, peaking in autumn and being lowest during winter. Substance use disorders best explained suicide attempts occurring at weekends. There was considerable temporal variation among patients with mood disorders, compared to only slight variation among patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Study subjects tended to contact health services in the late evening and around midnight. Those contacting health services outside normal hours received psychiatric consultation less frequently than others and were referred to aftercare less often. LIMITATIONS: Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM-IV Axis I and II Disorders were not used. CONCLUSIONS: There were marked time patterns of attempted suicide, especially among patients with mood disorders and substance use disorders. This contrasted with the limited fluctuation among patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Contacts with the health care system occurred most often in the late evening and around midnight. The findings question the adequacy of staff numbers for psychiatric consultations and of time to plan aftercare.     

湖南地区6～16岁焦虑障碍患儿生活质量及影响因素

目的:了解儿童青少年焦虑障碍患儿生活质量的水平及特点,并探讨其生活质量的影响因素.方法:本研究数据来自课题组2014年2-7月大型流行病学调查数据,研究对象来自湖南省长沙市和益阳市,采用C#程序1:2筛选出497例患有焦虑障碍的儿童作为病例组,性别、年龄与其匹配的994例健康儿童作为对照组,分别采用儿童期虐待问卷(CT...     

肺动脉高压患者生活质量及其影响因素

目的：了解肺动脉高压患者的生活质量状况并探讨其影响因素。方法：采用整群抽样的方法选择2014年6月至2015年6月期间在中南大学湘雅医院住院治疗的68例肺动脉高压患者作为研究对象。采用一般资料问卷、中文版简明健康调查量表(Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire,SF-36)对其进行调查,运用单因素分析及多元线性回归法分析其影响因素。结果：肺动脉高压患者SF-36量表各维度评分均低于常模,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。影响生活质量生理健康的因素为性别、6分钟步行试验距离(6-minute walking distance,6MWD)、是否合并右心衰竭、是否坚持氧疗;影响生活质量心理健康的因素为性别、文化程度、有无医疗保险。结论：肺动脉高压患者生活质量不高。医护人员应对女性、文化程度低、无医疗保险、6MWD短、合并右心衰竭、未坚持氧疗的患者给予更多的关注。     

Quality of life of adolescents with perceived disabilities

OBJECTIVE: To compare the self-perceived quality of life (QoL) of adolescents with and without disabilities. METHOD: A school-based survey was conducted with 2801 7th to 12th grade students in a rural area of the United States. The Youth Quality of Life Instrument-Surveillance Module and the Youth Quality of Life Group-Disability Screener were completed. RESULTS: Twenty-one percent of all students surveyed reported having one or more physical, emotional, or learning disabilities. Adolescents with disabilities reported lower QoL than adolescent without disabilities. However, self-rated health, depressive symptoms, and contextual variables were significant covariates in the relationship between disability and QoL. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest channels to improve the QoL of adolescents with disabilities. Specifically, reducing social and environmental barriers to promote inclusion of adolescents with disabilities in school, family, and community activities is one practical avenue for reducing disparities in QoL.