酒依赖患者家属的心理状态、生活质量及社会支持

目的:探究酒依赖患者家属的心理状态、生活质量和社会支持。方法:在四川大学华西医院招募95例酒依赖患者家属作为研究组,同时招募与酒依赖患者家属年龄、性别、受教育程度相匹配的95例健康者作为对照组。采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、中文版健康调查量表(SF-36)和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)评估两组的心理状态、生活质量和社会支持。比较两组的心理状态、生活质量和社会支持。结果:①研究组在焦虑因子、抑郁因子、躯体化因子、偏执因子、恐怖因子、其他(睡眠和饮食)因子及总均分、总分均显著高于对照组(t=2.4779,2.3805,2.0831,2.3805,3.2431,2.6386,2.2956,4.0090;P0.05);②研究组的生理机能(PF)、生理职能(RP)、一般健康(GH)、精力(VT)、社会功能(SF)、情感职能(RE)和精神健康(MH)维度的评分均显著低于对照组(t=-2.2506,-3.8449,-2.3329,-2.1823,-2.6920,-4.2633,-4.0277;P0.05);③研究组的主观支持、客观支持、对支持的利用度和SSRS总分显著低于对照组(t=-6.8620,-4.5280,-3.4407,-6.6282;P0.001)。结论:酒依赖患者家属的心理状态、生活质量及社会支持均较差,需要给予适当的心理干预。     

综合护理措施对老年冠心病患者不良情绪及生活质量的影响分析

目的探讨综合护理措施对老年冠心病患者不良情绪及生活质量的影响。方法选择2019年2月～2020年1月我院收治的115例老年冠心病患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为两组,对照组57例,研究组58例。对照组采取常规护理措施,研究组在此基础上应用综合护理措施。对比两组患者干预前后焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、生活质量量表(SF-36)的变化。结果干预后研究组患者SAS与SDS量表评分显著低于对照组,SF-36量表评分显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论综合护理措施能够有效改善老年冠心病患者的不良情绪,提高其生活质量,值得临床推广应用。     

青少年抑郁症患者照顾者生活质量与照顾者负担的相关性

目的:了解青少年抑郁症患者的照顾者的生活质量、照顾者负担现状及其相关因素,并探讨两者的相关性。方法:选取湖南省长沙市中南大学湘雅二医院知情同意的青少年抑郁症患者照顾者180人,使用17项汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)、SF-36健康调查量表(SF-36)、Zarit护理者负担量表(ZBI)分别对患者的抑郁症状、照顾者的生活质量和照顾者负担进行调查。结果:SF-36各维度得分均低于国内常模(P0.01);ZBI得分为(32±15)分,73.7%的青少年抑郁症照顾者处于轻中度负担水平。单因素分析结果表明,抑郁症患者病程长、有自杀史,受教育程度低、家庭月收入低的照顾者SF-36评分较低(P0.05)。住院抑郁症患者、病程长、HAMD评分高、在职、近3个月发生重大事件的照顾者ZBI评分较高(P0.05)。青少年抑郁症照顾者SF-36各维度得分与ZBI两维度得分均呈负相关(r=-0.56~-0.24,均P0.01)。结论:青少年抑郁症照顾者生活质量严重受损,存在明显的照料负担;受教育程度低、家庭月收入低、在职、近3个月发生重大事件、病程长、有自杀史、HAMD评分高的青少年抑郁症患者的照顾者生活质量低、照料负担重,且两者呈负相关。     

70例青少年抑郁障碍心理社会学影响因素探讨

目的：探讨青少年抑郁障碍的心理社会学影响因素。方法：连续收集70例门诊抑郁障碍患者，采用自编社会人口学资料表、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、中国版明尼苏达多项人格问卷(MMPI)、ZUNG氏抑郁自评量表(SDS)、ZUNG氏焦虑自评量表(SAS)、青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)、父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)对70例诊断为抑郁障碍的青少年及其父母进行相应测查。结果：青少年抑郁障碍的产生及病情轻重可能与应激性生活事件、家庭关系、父母心理健康水平及父母养育方式等有关。结论：认识这一点，有利于临床诊断、预防和治疗。     

抑郁障碍患者正念认知疗法干预后生活质量病例对照研究

目的:研究正念认知疗法干预对抑郁障碍患者生活质量的影响。方法:将60例抑郁障碍患者分两组,对照组进行药物治疗,研究组在药物治疗的同时进行正念认知疗法干预等心理康复干预。分别用汉密尔顿抑郁量表17版本(HAMD-17)、五因素正念评估量表(FFMQ)、生活质量问卷(SF-12)对干预后两组患者精神状态、正念水平及生活质量进行评定和比较。结果:为期8周正念认知疗法干预后,研究组HAMD-17评分明显低于对照组(t=-2.423,P0.05),研究组在观察、有觉知行动、不判断、不反应维度和总分评分上高于对照组(t=4.214,3.098,3.358,2.410,3.389;P0.05);研究组SF-12生理及心理总评分显著高于对照组,有统计学意义(t=2.062,3.769;P0.05)。结论:正念认知疗法干预能够很好地促进患者管理自己情绪,改善家庭与社会功能,显著降低复发率、提高患者正念水平和生活质量。     

认知治疗和西酞普兰联合治疗对癌症抑郁患者的疗效观察

目的探讨认知治疗和西酞普兰联合治疗对癌症抑郁患者疗效及生活质量的影响。方法对40例癌症抑郁患者进行8周的西酞普兰和认知治疗,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD),汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和健康评定量表(SF-36)对两组患者进行治疗前后焦虑抑郁状态和生活质量的评估。结果 8周后患者焦虑、抑郁症状比入组时明显好转(P<0.01),患者生活质量中生理功能、总体健康、情感职能和精神健康明显改善。结论认知治疗和西酞普兰联合治疗能够降低癌症患者的抑郁和焦虑情绪,同时改善患者的健康状况,提高患者的生活质量。     

间质性肺疾病患者的生活质量和焦虑、抑郁症状

目的:评价间质性肺疾病(ILD)患者的生活质量和焦虑、抑郁症状。方法:选取在北京协和医院就医的间质性肺疾病患者192例。采用健康调查简表(SF-36)测量患者的生活质量,并与已有研究中的一般人群的得分进行比较;用医院焦虑抑郁量表(HAD)测量患者的焦虑、抑郁症状。结果:除躯体疼痛、活力、精神健康维度之外,ILD患者SF-36其他维度评分均低于一般人群[如,总体健康分(44.3±21.9)vs.(66.0±20.9),均P0.001];HAD焦虑平均分为(5.0±4.3),抑郁平均分为(4.4±4.3)。焦虑、抑郁症状阳性者分别为43例(22.4%)、42例(21.9%),焦虑和抑郁共存者33例(17.2%)。SF-36各维度评分与HAD焦虑、抑郁评分均呈负相关(r=-0.34～-0.73,均P0.001)。进入焦虑回归方程的变量有呼吸困难、年龄(β=0.44、-0.23),进入抑郁回归方程的变量是呼吸困难(β=0.37)。结论:间质性肺疾病患者的生活质量低于一般人群,且部分患者存在焦虑、抑郁症状。ILD患者的呼吸困难程度越重、年龄越小,焦虑症状越重;呼吸困难程度越重,抑郁症状越重。     

强迫症患者生活质量及相关因素分析

目的:了解强迫症患者生活质量的现状,探讨其相关影响因素。方法:采用自编一般情况调查表、健康状况问卷(SF-36),Yale-Brown强迫量表(Y-BOCS)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD),对60例强迫症患者进行调查。结果:除外生理健康和疼痛,强迫症患者总体生活质量其它各维度均低于中国常模(P<0.001);强迫症患者汉密尔顿抑郁分、强迫症严重程度分、强迫思维分与SF-36各维度均相关(P<0.05,或P<0.01);而强迫行为仅与SF-36中的社会功能、情感职能、精神健康和精力四个维度相关;就业状况与生理职能相关;合并躯体疾病的患者在一般健康、社会功能和精神健康维度得分更低,合并其它精神障碍的患者在疼痛、一般健康、社会功能和精神健康维度得分更低。结论:强迫症患者的生活质量明显低于正常人群,强迫的严重程度,尤其是强迫思维、同时是否合并其它躯体和精神障碍及就业状况对患者的生活质量有很大的影响。     

生命意义感对抑郁障碍患者生活质量的影响

目的:探讨生命意义感对抑郁障碍患者生活质量影响。方法:将60例抑郁障碍患者按照随机数字表法分两组,对照组进行药物治疗,研究组在药物治疗同时进行生命意义感等心理康复干预。分别用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)、生命意义量表(MLQ)、生活质量问卷(SF-12)对干预后两组患者精神状态、生命意义感水平及生活质量进行评定和比较。结果:为期12周生命意义感干预后,研究组在HAMD-17评分明显低于对照组(t=-4.886,P0.01),研究组在MLQ总分观察维度评分上高于对照组(t=9.326,P0.01);在存在意义感维度评分上高于对照组(t=7.549,P0.01);在寻求意义感维度评分上高于对照组(t=5.893,P0.01);研究组SF-12生理及心理总评分显著高于对照组,有统计学意义(t=2.614,4.483;P0.05)。结论:生命意义感干预能够很好促进患者管理自己情绪,改善家庭与社会功能,显著降低复发率、提升患者积极情绪和生活质量,回归社会。     

延续性健康管理对脑卒中患者心理状态、健康行为及生活质量的影响

目的:分析延续性健康管理对脑卒中患者心理状态、健康行为及生活质量的影响.方法:选取2017年8月-2019年7月某院收治的186例脑卒中患者为研究对象.按照干预方式将186例患者分为观察组(n=96)和对照组(n = 90).对照组行常规出院指导,观察组在此基础上进行为期1年的延续性健康管理干预.分别采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、健康促进生活方式量表Ⅱ(HPLP-Ⅱ)以及生活质量量表(SF-36)对两组患者干预前后焦虑、抑郁情况、健康行为及生活质量进行评分.结果:干预后,观察组HAMA评分、HAMD评分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t = 5.140,2.511;P＜0.05);干预后,观察组HPLP-Ⅱ量表中营养、运动锻炼、压力应对、人际关系各维度评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t = 6.720,7.124,10.977,12.309;P＜0.05);干预后,观察组SF-36量表中活动能力、躯体功能、生理功能、社会功能、心理健康、总体健康各维度评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t = 7.860,9.770,6.822,7.707,8.126,9.581;P＜0.05).结论:延续性健康管理可有效改善脑卒中患者心理状态,促使其形成健康行为,提高生活质量.     

Rates of oxygen consumption and of anaerobic glycolysis in renal cortex and medulla of adult and new-born rats and guinea-pigs

1. Rates of oxygen uptake and of anaerobic glycolysis were estimated in slices from the renal cortex and medulla (a) of adult rats and guinea-pigs, (b) of new-born (1-, 5- and 21-day-old) rats and of guinea-pigs of 1, 12, 21, 24 and 120 hr age.2. In the adult rat, Q(O2) values for the cortex were 12.55 +/- 0.20 (22) and for the medulla: 8.56 +/- 0.17 (22) mul./hr.mg dry weight, while in the new-born rat (24 hr old) they were 10.99 +/- 0.46 (12) and 9.33 +/- 0.18 (9) mul./hr.mg dry weight respectively.3. Values for Q(CO2) (N2) (anaerobic glycolysis) in the 14 hr old new-born rat were in the renal cortex 9.65 +/- 0.35 (5) and in the medulla 7.39 +/- 0.43 (5) mul./hr.mg dry weight; while in the adult they were 2.25 +/- 0.08 (16) and 5.76 +/- 0.14 (16) mul./hr.mg dry weight, respectively.4. In the adult guinea-pig values for Q(CO2) (N2) were of the same order as in the adult rat, though the rate of O(2) uptake was for the cortex 8.12 +/- 0.22 (12) and for the medulla 5.02 +/- 0.23 (11) mul./hr.mg dry weight.5. Though the Q(O2) values in the renal cortex and medulla were smaller in the 1 hr old new-born guinea-pig, they were already increasing in the 12 hr old neonate.6. The results are discussed in the light of enzyme changes occurring during the process of maturation of the nephron as indicated by histochemical observations.     

Timing and intensity of early fevers and the development of allergies and asthma

BACKGROUND: Early childhood fevers appear to protect against later allergies and asthma. What is not known is the time in which fevers exert this effect and whether the degree of temperature increase is important. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the relationship between the time and degree of early fevers and later allergies and asthma. METHODS: Eight hundred thirty-five children from southeast Michigan were enrolled at birth. Clinic records from their first 2 years were abstracted for episodes of fever. At age 6 to 7 years, children underwent allergy testing. We examined fevers occurring within 6-month intervals in the first 2 years of life and outcomes at age 6 to 7 years. The primary outcome measures were allergic sensitization, asthma, asthma with allergic sensitization, and asthma without allergic sensitization. RESULTS: In the unadjusted analysis each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months of age was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.93) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.90) at age 6 to 7 years. Likewise, every 1 degrees C increase in the maximum temperature between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.96) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94). After adjusting for potential confounders, each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower likelihood of asthma with allergic sensitization (adjusted OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.94) at age 6 to 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: Both the timing and intensity of childhood fevers appear to be important factors in the development of allergies and asthma.     

Modes of reinforcement and gender and culture of experimenter and subject: effects of "alien" and external reinforcement for Japanese and American men and women

In this study, we examined external and "alien" reinforcement (ER and AR. respectively) as a factor in social learning, and studied the combined effects of culture and reinforcement mode. A female (Experiment 1) and a male (Experiment 2) experimenters conducted experimental sessions. Both men and women, who grew up in the same culture as the experimenter, participated and performed the experimental task. A three-way interaction effect of experimenter gender, culture, and reinforcement mode was found on task performance. And the effect was more pronounced for a Japanese experimenter. A female and a male experimenters conducted Experiments 3 and 4, respectively; however participants this time were men and women who grew up in different cultures than the experimenter. Results indicated that the pattern of the subject gender and reinforcement mode interaction effect, when the experimenter was Japanese with American subjects, was exactly opposite to that when the experimenter was American. These experiments showed that AR was as effective for social learning as ER, and that the cultural backgrounds of experimenter and subject influenced AR and ER effectiveness.     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能...