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1.
Moussavi Yasmin Wergeland Gro Janne Be Tormod Haugland Bente Storm Mowatt Larsen Marit Lehmann Stine 《Child psychiatry and human development》2022,53(2):375-388
Child Psychiatry & Human Development - Among youth in foster care (N = 303, aged 11–17 years), we investigated prevalence of internalizing symptoms; associations... 相似文献
2.
Gilvarry CM Walsh E Samele C Hutchinson G Mallett R Rabe-Hesketh S Fahy T van Os J Murray RM 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》1999,34(11):600-608
Background: Whilst it is commonly believed that black and ethnic minority (B&EM) people living in the UK experience social disadvantage
compared with the white British (WB) population, no study has specifically addressed this issue in patients with severe mental
illness. We sought to test the hypothesis that B&EM patients experience more negative life events than their WB counterparts,
and to examine the extent to which they attribute these events to discrimination. Method: Thirty-four WB, 78 African Caribbean (AC) and 35 other ethnic minority patients with psychotic illnesses, defined using
Research Diagnostic Criteria, were asked to complete a Racial Life Event Questionnaire examining life events and perceptions
of discrimination at baseline and 12 and 24 months later. Results: African Caribbean patients experienced more `Financial' life events across the study period, otherwise there were no significant
differences between patient groups in number of life events experienced. The B&EM group collectively (n = 113), however, were significantly more likely than the WB group (n = 34) to attribute `Assault', and `Legal' life events to discrimination. The AC patient group were significantly more likely
than the other two ethnic groups to attribute the `Financial' and `Health' life events they experienced to discrimination.
The B&EM group was also significantly more likely, and particularly the AC patient group, to report that members of their
own ethnic group are adversely affected by discrimination. Further analyses showed skin colour rather than ethnicity or nationality
to be the major contributing factor to perception of discrimination; thus, the Irish (n = 11) had similar scores to the WB while Africans (n = 16) scored like the ACs. Conclusion: Our study shows that B&EM patients do not experience significantly more life events than WB patients; however, their perception
of these events is clearly different, and significantly more often attributed to racism. It is reasonable to suppose that
patients may be disinclined to utilise services they believe to be prejudiced against them on the basis of their skin colour,
and service providers need to be aware of this in order to create health care services that B&EM patients feel confident to
use.
Accepted: 3 September 1999 相似文献
3.
Chiari A. Tondelli M. Galli C. Carbone C. Fiondella L. Salemme S. Vinceti G. Bedin R. Molinari M. A. Zamboni G. 《Neurological sciences》2022,43(8):4729-4734
Neurological Sciences - Dementia occurring in young people may be difficult to recognize. We compared the time to diagnosis between young- (YOD, age < 65) and late-onset dementia... 相似文献
4.
Kevin Robertson Alan Landay Sachiko Miyahara Alyssa Vecchio Mary Clare Masters Todd T. Brown Babafemi O. Taiwo 《Journal of neurovirology》2020,26(1):107-113
The AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) study A5303 investigated the associations between neuropsychological performance (NP) and inflammatory biomarkers in HIV-infected participants. Fifteen NP tests were administered at baseline and week 48 to 233 ART naïve participants randomized to maraviroc- or tenofovir-containing ART. Neurocognition correlated modestly with markers of lymphocyte activation and inflammation pre-ART (percent CD38+/HLA-DR+(CD4+) (r = − 0.22, p = 0.02) and percent CD38+/HLA-DR+(CD8+) (r = − 0.25, p = 0.02)), and with some monocyte subsets during ART (r = 0.25, p = 0.02). Higher interleukin-6 and percent CD38+/HLA-DR+(CD8+) were independently associated with worse severity of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) (p = 0.04 and 0.01, respectively). More studies to identify HAND biomarkers are needed. 相似文献
5.
Andrea Ferencz Peter Kiss Gyorgy Weber Zsuzsanna Helyes Norihito Shintani Akemichi Baba Dora Reglodi 《Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN》2010,42(3):435-442
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is present in the gastrointestinal tract and plays a central role
in the intestinal physiology, mainly in the secretion and motility. The aim of our study was to compare the ischemic injury
in wild-type and PACAP-38 knockout mice following warm mesenteric small bowel ischemia. Warm ischemia groups were designed
with occlusion of superior mesenteric artery for 1, 3, and 6 h in wild-type (n = 10 in each group) and PACAP-38 knockout (n = 10 in each group) mice. Small bowel biopsies were collected after laparotomy (control) and at the end of the ischemia periods.
To determine oxidative stress parameters, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)
were measured. Tissue damage was analyzed by qualitative and quantitative methods on hematoxylin/eosin-stained sections. In
PACAP-38 knockout animals, tissue MDA increased significantly after 3 and 6 h ischemia (133.97 ± 6,2; 141.86 ± 5,8) compared
to sham-operated (100.92 ± 3,6) and compared to wild-type results (112.8 ± 2,1; 118.4 ± 1.03 μmol/g, p < 0.05). Meanwhile, tissue concentration of GSH and activity of SOD decreased significantly in knockout mice compared to
wild-type form (GSH, 795.97 ± 10.4; 665.1 ± 8,8 vs. 893.23 ± μmol/g; SOD, 94.4 ± 1.4; 81.2 ± 3.9 vs. 208.09 ± 3,7 IU/g). Qualitative
and quantitative histological results showed destruction of the mucous, submucous layers, and crypts in knockout mice compared
to wild-type tissues. These processes correlated with the warm ischemia periods. Our present results propose an important
protective effect of endogenous PACAP-38 against intestinal warm ischemia, which provides basis for further investigation
to elucidate the mechanism of this protective effect. 相似文献
6.
7.
Chen X Zhang G Li Y Feng X Wan F Zhang L Wang J Zhang X 《Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN》2009,37(1):86-94
The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical significance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma concentrations
of B7-H3, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in bacterial and aseptic
meningitis in children. The participants were six children with bacterial meningitis, 16 with aseptic meningitis, and 12 control
subjects. All participants were between 2 months and 12 years of age on admission. Cytokines determination was performed by
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. CSF and plasma-circulating B7-H3 were significantly higher in the bacterial meningitis
group as compared with the aseptic group (p = 0.001) and the control group (p = 0.000 and p = 0.001 respectively). However, CSF and plasma-circulating B7-H3 in aseptic meningitis were not significantly higher than
control group (p = 0.071 and p = 0.72 respectively).CSF and plasma-circulating TNF-α were significantly higher in the bacterial meningitis group as compared
with the aseptic group (p = 0.004 and p < 0.0001 respectively) and control group (p = 0.004 and p < 0.0001 respectively). Similarly, we did not observe significant elevated TNF-α levels in CSF and plasma in aseptic group
compared with control group (p = 0.03 and p = 0.12 respectively). IFN-γ levels in CSF and plasma were undetectable in control group, and we did not find statistical
significances in both of CSF and plasma between the elevated IFN-γ level in bacterial meningitis group and aseptic meningitis
group(p = 0.055 and p = 0.095 respectively) CSF and plasma levels of IL-17 were undetectable in all subjects. There were correlations between B7-H3
and TNF-α, IFN-γ (r = 0.875, p = 0.000; r = −0.693, p = 0.000, respectively) in CSF in meningitis subjects. In plasma, levels of B7-H3 in bacterial meningitis on admission correlated
positively with TNF-α (r = 0.968, p = 0.002), and white blood cell counts (r = 0.973, p = 0.001). Detectable CSF levels of B7-H3, TNF-α, and IFN-γ on admission were not associated significantly with any of CSF
characteristics. Additionally, CSF and plasma levels of B7-H3 decreased remarkably after treatment. Altogether, our data indicated
that circulating B7-H3 and TNF-α levels in the CSF and plasma were useful markers for distinguishing bacterial from aseptic
meningitis, and Circulating B7-H3 was demonstrated to be useful in evaluating the intensity of the infectious inflammatory
process in the central nervous system in children.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
8.
We tested whether dimensional measures of empathic ability, theory of mind, and intelligence would differentiate autism spectrum
disorders from each other and from non-spectrum disorders. Tests were administered to children with a diagnosis of Autistic
Disorder (AutD; n = 20), Asperger's Disorder (AspD; n = 28), Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (Inattentive Type) (ADHD;
n = 35), Mental Retardation (Mild) (MR; n = 34), Anxiety Disorder (AnxD; n = 14), or No Psychological Disorder (NPD; n = 36).
Results showed that empathic ability discriminated among groups on the autism spectrum (AutD < AspD < NPD). Because empathic
ability is not independent of intelligence (AutD < AspD < NPD on intelligence; MR < ADHD < NPD on empathic ability), both
dimensions are necessary to discriminate autism spectrum from non-spectrum disorders. When intelligence is covaried, empathic
ability discriminated AutD, but not AspD, from other disorders (AutD < MR < ADHD < NPD = AnxD = AspD).
Accepted: 11 October 2000 相似文献
9.
Chia-Chang Hsieh Jen-Her Lu Shu-Jen Chen Cheng-Chou Lan Wen-Chi Chow Ren-Bin Tang 《Child's nervous system》2009,25(4):461-465
Purpose Certain cytokines play important roles in the pathophysiology of meningitis. The main purpose of this study was to investigate
if the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) could be diagnostic predictors
of bacterial meningitis in children.
Methods CSF was obtained from 95 patients suspected with meningitis. These cases were classified to the bacterial meningitis (n = 12), aseptic meningitis (n = 41), and nonmeningitis (n = 42) groups. The levels of IL-6 and IL-12 in CSF were measured using the enzyme-linked immmunosorbent assays test.
Results The CSF IL-6 levels in the bacterial meningitis group (45.2 ± 50.0 pg/ml) were significantly higher than those in the aseptic
meningitis group (12.9 ± 10.2 pg/ml) and the nonmeningitis group (6.5 ± 7.8 pg/ml; p < 0.05). The CSF IL-12 levels in the bacterial meningitis group (69.8 ± 67.1 pg/ml) were significantly higher than those
in the aseptic meningitis group (22.9 ± 10.8 pg/ml) and the nonmeningitis group (15.3 ± 11.2 pg/ml; p < 0.05). With regard to diagnosis, the measurement of CSF IL-6 and IL-12 levels showed sensitivities of 96% and 96%, respectively,
and specificities of 51% and 75%, respectively.
Conclusion It is suggested that the CSF IL-6 and IL-12 levels are useful markers for distinguishing bacterial meningitis from aseptic
meningitis. 相似文献
10.
L. Arnoldo Muoz-Nevrez Brandon M. Imp Michael A. Eller Francis Kiweewa Jonah Maswai Christina Polyak Omalla Allan Olwenyi I. Elaine Allen Eric Rono Benedetta Milanini Hannah Kibuuka Julie A. Ake Leigh Anne Eller Victor G. Valcour 《Journal of neurovirology》2020,26(1):52-59
Chronic inflammation associated with monocyte activation has been linked to HIV-related cognitive outcomes in resource-rich settings. Few studies have investigated this relationship in the African context where endemic non-HIV infections may modulate effects. We characterized immune activation biomarkers in Kenyan and Ugandan participants in relation to neuropsychological testing performance (NTP) from the African Cohort Study (AFRICOS). We focused on activation markers associated with monocytes (sCD14, sCD163, neopterin), T cells (HLA-DR+CD38+ on CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes), and microbial translocation (intestinal fatty acid-binding protein, I-FABP). The HIV-infected (n = 290) vs. HIV-uninfected (n = 104) groups were similar in age with mean (SD) of 41 (9.5) vs. 39 (9.9) years, respectively (p = 0.072). Among HIV-infected participants, the mean (SD) current CD4+ count was 402 (232); 217 (75%) were on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and 199 (69%) had suppressed plasma HIV RNA. sCD14 was inversely correlated to NTP (r = − 0.14, p = 0.037) in models that included both HIV-infected and uninfected individuals, adjusted for HIV status and research site, whereas sCD163 was not (r = 0.041, p = 0.938). Neither of the T cell activation markers correlated with NTP. In the HIV-infected group, I-FABP was inversely associated with NTP (r = − 0.147, p = 0.049), even among those with suppressed plasma virus (r = − 0.0004, p = 0.025). Among the full group, HIV status did not appear to modulate the effects observed. In this cohort from East Africa, sCD14, but not sCD163, is associated with cognitive performance regardless of HIV status. Findings among both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected groups is supportive that HIV and non-HIV-related inflammatory sources contribute to cognitive performance in this setting. 相似文献
11.
Raj Kumar V. Kumar N. K. Das S. Behari A. K. Mahapatra 《Child's nervous system》2007,23(11):1295-1299
Background Lumbar disc herniation is mainly a disease of elderly people as degenerative changes progress with age.
Results and discussion Present retrospective analysis was performed on 742 patients of lumbar disc disease operated over 11 years. Of 742 cases aged
20 years or less, 25 has been evaluated to see the clinical features, radiological features, operative findings, and outcome
of lumbar disc surgery. The incidence of lumbar disc herniation in pediatric and adolescent populations was 3.5% (aged 20 years
or less). All patients presented with low back pain with or without radiculopathy (n = 25). Diagnosis was easily made on magnetic resonance imaging. Gross degenerative changes in disc and end plates were uncommon
(16%) in this population. The trauma may not be a predisposing factor in most of them. In 88% (n = 22) of the cases, only 1 level was affected; the commonest was L4–5 (n = 13). Disc herniation was centrolateral in 72% (n = 18) and central in 28% (n = 7). Disc was mostly soft, hydrated, and rubbery in 92% (n = 23). Disc herniation were subligamentous in 80% (n = 20) and extruded in 4% (n = 1). Sixteen percent (n = 4) of the patients had disc bulge with intact annulus.
Conclusions Operative intervention in the form of simple discectomy offers good result in 92% (n = 23) cases irrespective of approach and method. Longer follow-up is mandatory because the chances of recurrence or another
level involvement cannot be denied. 相似文献
12.
Background: We wished to examine the impact of the duration and intensity of physical activity on common anxiety and depressive states.
Method: A nested case-control design was applied to data from the Health and Lifestyle Survey. Anxiety and depressive states were
measured by caseness on the General Health Questionnaire. Physical activity variables were defined from a detailed activity
schedule. Results: After adjustment for potential confounders, the findings suggest that compared to men who reported 0–44 min of daily physical
activity, there is benefit to men who exercise for at least 92 min a day (92–161 min a day: OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.37–0.87,
P < 0.01; 162–554 min a day: OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.43–0.97, P < 0.05), but not to women. The protective effect does not appear to vary according to the intensity of activity in men or
women. Conclusions: Physical activity of long duration amongst men confers protection against common mood and anxiety states. This study found
no such protection for women.
Accepted: 21 October 1999 相似文献
13.
Xubin Yang Wen Xu Yanhua Zhu Hongrong Deng Ying Tan Longyi Zeng Jianping Weng 《神经科学通报》2019,35(1):25-33
The influence of β-cell function on cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN), an important diabetes-related complication, is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between residual β-cell function and CAN in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. We enrolled 90 newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and 37 participants with normal glucose tolerance as controls. The patients were divided into a CAN+ group (diabetic patients with CAN, n = 20) and a CAN− group (diabetic patients without CAN, n = 70) according to the standard Ewing battery of tests. Fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide were measured. Homeostasis model assessment-beta cells (HOMA-B) and HOMA-insulin resistance (IR) were calculated. The prevalence of CAN in this population was 22.2%. Compared with the CAN− group, the CAN+ group had significantly lower fasting plasma insulin (6.60 ± 4.39 vs 10.45 ± 7.82 μ/L, P = 0.029), fasting C-peptide (0.51 ± 0.20 vs 0.82 ± 0.51 nmol/L, P = 0.004), and HOMA-B (21.44 ± 17.06 vs 44.17 ± 38.49, P = 0.002). Fasting C-peptide was correlated with the Valsalva ratio (r = 0.24, P = 0.043) and the 30:15 test (r = 0.26, P = 0.023). Further analysis showed that fasting C-peptide (OR: 0.041, 95% CI 0.003–0.501, P = 0.012) and HOMA-B (OR: 0.965, 95% CI 0.934–0.996, P = 0.028) were independently associated with cardiovascular autonomic nerve function in this population. The patients with fasting C-peptide values < 0.67 nmol/L were more likely to have CAN than those with C-peptide levels ≥0.67 nmol/L (OR: 6.00, 95% CI 1.815–19.830, P = 0.003). A high prevalence of CAN was found in patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Decreased β-cell function was closely associated with CAN in this population. 相似文献
14.
Farzin Irani Lawrence H. Sweet Andreana P. Haley John J. Gunstad Beth A. Jerskey Richard C. Mulligan Angela L. Jefferson Athena Poppas Ronald A. Cohen 《Brain imaging and behavior》2009,3(4):350-357
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with cognitive deficits even in the absence of stroke. We examined the relationship
between cardiac performance, as measured by cardiac output (CO) and ejection fraction (EF), and brain activity during a verbal
working memory (VWM) task in elderly CVD patients who tend to be at increased risk for vascular cognitive impairments. Seventeen
patients were recruited from a cohort participating in an ongoing prospective study examining the effects of CVD on cognitive
function in the elderly. Participants were diagnosed with CVD (age 68 ± 8) and completed a 2-back VWM task in a 1.5T fMRI
paradigm. CO and EF were calculated from echocardiogram measures. Task-related activation was averaged in a priori regions of interest. The relationship between CO, EF, and 2-back-related activity was modeled using partial correlations
(two-tailed p < .05) controlling for age and 2-back accuracy. All participants were globally cognitively intact as indicated by Mini-Mental
Status Exam and Dementia Rating Scale scores. Mean accuracy on the 2-back was 78 ± 9% while reaction time averaged 1,027 ± 192 ms.
Mean CO and EF values showed a large range (CO: 3.55 to 6.31; EF: 0.36 to 0.76) but average values were within the normal
range. After controlling for age and 2-back accuracy, lower EF was related to decrease in left insula activity (r = 0.61, p = 0.03). There were trends for EF to be related to accuracy (r = 0.47, p = 0.09) and reaction time (r = −0.48, p = 0.09). CO was also related to insula activity (r = 0.60, p = 0.04) and activity in the supplementary motor area activity (r = 0.66, p = 0.01). Cardiac performance was related to decreased efficiency in task related brain areas and tended to be related to
performance on a VWM task in elderly patients with CVD. Results have implications for a line of investigation indicating that
cardiac and systemic vascular indices could be used as proxy measures to examine mechanisms of cerebrovascular dysfunction
in the elderly. 相似文献
15.
Shikha Snigdha Joanna C. Neill Samantha L. McLean Gaurav K. Shemar Leonie Cruise Mohammed Shahid Brian Henry 《Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN》2011,43(3):337-345
Phencyclidine (PCP), used to mimic certain aspects of schizophrenia, induces sexually dimorphic, cognitive deficits in rats.
In this study, the effects of sub-chronic PCP on expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophic factor
implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, have been evaluated in male and female rats. Male and female hooded-Lister
rats received vehicle or PCP (n = 8 per group; 2 mg/kg i.p. twice daily for 7 days) and were tested in the attentional set shifting task prior to being sacrificed
(6 weeks post-treatment). Levels of BDNF mRNA were measured in specific brain regions using in situ hybridisation. Male rats
were less sensitive to PCP-induced deficits in the extra-dimensional shift stage of the attentional set shifting task compared
to female rats. Quantitative analysis of brain regions demonstrated reduced BDNF levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (p < 0.05), motor cortex (p < 0.01), orbital cortex (p < 0.01), olfactory bulb (p < 0.05), retrosplenial cortex (p < 0.001), frontal cortex (p < 0.01), parietal cortex (p < 0.01), CA1 (p < 0.05) and polymorphic layer of dentate gyrus (p < 0.05) of the hippocampus and the central (p < 0.01), lateral (p < 0.05) and basolateral (p < 0.05) regions of the amygdaloid nucleus in female PCP-treated rats compared with controls. In contrast, BDNF was significantly
reduced only in the orbital cortex and central amygdaloid region of male rats (p < 0.05). Results suggest that blockade of NMDA receptors by sub-chronic PCP administration has a long-lasting down-regulatory
effect on BDNF mRNA expression in the female rat brain which may underlie some of the behavioural deficits observed post PCP
administration. 相似文献
16.
Background Objective and self-reported physical environmental attributes have been related to physical activity.
Purpose We examined the characteristics of adults who are resident in objectively identified high walkable neighborhoods but whose
perceptions of neighborhood attributes are not concordant with objective attributes relating to high walkability.
Methods Neighborhood built-environment attributes relating to walkability (dwelling density, intersection density, land use mix, and
net retail area) were determined objectively, using Geographic Information System databases; data on corresponding perceptions
of local environment attributes (from the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale) were derived from a self-completion
survey of a socially diverse sample of 2,650 adults aged 19 to 65. Objective and perceived walkability attributes were categorized
using median splits, and correlates of non-concordance were determined using multiple logistic regression models.
Results There was a fair overall agreement between objectively determined walkability and perceived walkability (Kappa = 0.35, 95%
CI = 0.31–0.39). Among those resident in objectively assessed high walkable areas (n = 1,063), 32.1% perceived them to be low walkable; conversely, 32.7% (n = 1,021) resident in objectively determined low walkability areas perceived them to be high. For residents of objectively
determined high walkable areas, the characteristics that differentiated those with perceptions of low walkability (non-concordant
perceptions) from those with concordant perceptions of high walkability were: not being university-educated (OR = 1.47, 95%
CI = 1.06–2.04); having lower household incomes (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.09–2.17); being overweight (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.03–2.07);
and walking fewer days per week for transport (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.11–2.70). Higher walking times and more positive cognitive
variables were noted among participants who lived in a neighborhood with low walkability that was perceived as high compared
to those who lived in a high walkable environment that was perceived as low walkable.
Conclusion Adults with lower educational attainment and lower incomes, who were overweight, or who were less physically active for transportation
purposes, were more likely to misperceive their high walkable neighborhood as low walkable. There is the potential for physical
activity promotion and persuasion strategies to address non-concordant perceptions, especially among those who live in high
walkable environments but perceive them to be low and also among those who are socially disadvantaged and are less active.
Perceptions of environmental attributes may be more strongly correlated with cognitive antecedents and with behavior than
are objective measures. 相似文献
17.
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) is involved in the production of arachidonic acid-derived vasoactive substance. We hypothesized
that CYP1A1 polymorphism might be related to pathological conditions associated with cerebral infarction (CI). We investigated
the effect of genetic polymorphism in the 3′-flanking region (T6235C) of CYP1A1 gene in 353 patients with CI and 376 controls.
The distributions of T6235C CYP1A1 genotypes in patients with (TT: 36.0%; TC/CT: 64.0%; n = 353) and without CI (TT: 44.7%; TC/CT: 55.3%; n = 376) indicate that the C allele is associated with CI (P = 0.017, odds ratio (O.R.) = 1.44; 95% confidence interval (C. I.) = 1.07–1.94). Furthermore, we examined whether the glutathione
S-transferase (GST) gene, which is one of detoxification enzyme, influence the risk of CI. GST M1 null genotype increased
the relative risk for the CI in the subjects with the CYP1A1 C allele (P = 0.015, O.R. = 1.47; C. I. = 1.08–2.00). We conclude that T6235C CYP1A1 polymorphism is a risk factor for the development
of CI and suggest that GST polymorphism contribute to the odds of CI. 相似文献
18.
Brian A. Primack Jaime Sidani Aaron A. Agarwal William G. Shadel Eric C. Donny Thomas E. Eissenberg 《Annals of behavioral medicine》2008,36(1):81-86
Background Although waterpipe tobacco smoking seems to be increasing on U.S. university campuses, these data have come from convenience
samples.
Purpose We aimed to determine the prevalence of and associations with waterpipe tobacco smoking among a random sample of students.
Methods We surveyed a random sample of graduate and undergraduate students at a large, urban university. We used multivariate modeling
to determine independent associations between belief-related predictors and waterpipe tobacco smoking.
Results Of the 647 respondents, waterpipe smoking was reported in 40.5%, over the past year in 30.6%, and over the past 30 days in
9.5%. Over half of the sample (52.1%) perceived that tobacco smoking from a waterpipe was less addictive than cigarette smoking.
In fully adjusted multivariate models, 1-year waterpipe smoking was associated with low perceived harm (OR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.68,
3.83), low perceived addictiveness (OR = 4.64, 95% CI = 3.03, 7.10), perception of high social acceptability (OR = 20.00,
95% CI = 6.03, 66.30), and high perception of popularity (OR = 4.72, 95% CI = 2.85, 7.82).
Conclusions In this sample, lifetime waterpipe use was as common as lifetime cigarette use. Perception of harm, perception of addictiveness,
social acceptability, and popularity were all strongly related to waterpipe smoking. 相似文献
19.
David M. Williams Beth A. Lewis Shira Dunsiger Jessica A. Whiteley George D. Papandonatos Melissa A. Napolitano Beth C. Bock Joseph T. Ciccolo Bess H. Marcus 《Annals of behavioral medicine》2008,36(2):186-194
Background
Most health behavior models do not distinguish between determinants of behavior adoption and maintenance.
Purpose
This study compared psychosocial predictors of physical activity (PA) adoption and predictors of PA maintenance among 205
initially sedentary adults enrolled in a home-based PA promotion trial.
Methods
Psychosocial variables were measured at 6 months (at which point 107 participants remained inactive and 98 participants adopted
regular PA) and used to predict 12-month PA status (an indicator of PA adoption among those inactive at 6 months and an indicator
of PA maintenance among those active at 6 months).
Results
Six-month PA status moderated the relationships between 6-month measures of home access to PA equipment (p = .049), self-efficacy (p = .086), and perceived satisfaction (p = .062) and 12-month PA status. Simple effects analyses revealed that home access to PA equipment was predictive of PA adoption
(OR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.85), but not PA maintenance (OR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.58, 1.35), whereas self-efficacy and perceived
satisfaction were predictive of PA maintenance (OR = 2.65; 95% CI: 1.55, 4.52; OR = 1.95; 95% CI: 0.93, 4.06), but not PA
adoption (OR = 1.50; 95% CI: 0.87, 2.57; OR = 0.82, CI: 0.44, 1.52).
Conclusion
Results suggest that these psychosocial variables may operate differently in predicting PA adoption versus maintenance. 相似文献
20.
Lin Li Jun-Xia Zhu Xiao-He Hou Ya-Hui Ma Wei Xu Chen-Chen Tan Fu-Rong Sun Hong-Qi Li Qiang Dong Lan Tan Jin-Tai Yu 《Neurotoxicity research》2020,37(4):936-943
Elevated serum uric acid (SUA) has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, but the role of SUA in intracranial atherosclerosis remains unclear. To investigate the association between SUA and intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS), we evaluated 1522 subjects (305 with ICAS, 1217 without ICAS) with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Subjects were classified into ten groups according to the deciles of the SUA level. The rate of ICAS reached a minimum in the seventh decile (6.0–6.3 mg/dL; reference group). After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that both low SUA level (≤ 3.8 mg/dL; OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.29–4.39; p = 0.006) and high SUA level (≥ 7.8 mg/dL; OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.15–3.92; p = 0.017) conferred greater risk for ICAS. In multivariable analysis with a quadratic model which used SUA as a continuous variable, a U-shaped association between SUA and the rate of ICAS was confirmed (α > 0; p < 0.001). The estimated SUA level associated with the lowest rate of ICAS was 6.2 mg/dL. In conclusion, our findings suggest a U-shaped association between ICAS and SUA. 相似文献