河南回族成人肌肉量、脂肪量、去脂体质量的身体节段性分布

目的:探讨河南回族成人的肌肉、脂肪、去脂体质量在身体躯干、四肢的分布规律。方法:采用生物电阻抗法测量河南回族成人的肌肉量、脂肪量、去脂体质量,进行统计学分析。结果:河南回族成人肌肉量、脂肪量、去脂体质量躯干分布多于四肢,且随年龄增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,肌肉量峰值为30~岁组;脂肪量峰值为40~岁组。肌肉量、去脂体质量均为右下肢左下肢右上肢左上肢,男性大于女性;脂肪量右下肢左下肢、右上肢左上肢,女性大于男性。结论:河南回族成人身体的肌肉量、脂肪量、去脂体质量存在较大的左右差异、性别差异和年龄差异。     

健康绝经妇女体成分差异对跟骨骨密度的影响

目的探讨锦州市健康绝经妇女身体质量指数(BMI)、左下肢肌肉含量及脂肪含量等身体组成成分与左侧跟骨骨密度(BMD)的关系。方法使用体成分仪及骨密度仪测量421例健康绝经妇女的体成分和左侧跟骨骨密度。结论左侧跟骨BMD与年龄呈负相关,与左下肢肌肉量、BMI呈正相关关系,而与左下肢脂肪量没有相关性。结论 BMI是影响绝经妇女BMD的重要因素,加强运动、增加身体肌肉含量对预防骨质疏松有重要作用。     

围绝经期妇女体成分及静息能量代谢变化

背景：女性绝经后雌激素水平下降、年龄增长、活动水平下降都可能引起静息能量消耗的降低,进而引起绝经后女性体成分变化,导致疾病,如肥胖、骨折。 目的：观察绝经前、围绝经期、绝经后妇女体成分及静息代谢率的变化。 方法：收集门诊就诊的2 312例妇女,其中绝经前1 310例、围绝经期790例、绝经后212例,测定体成分和静息能量消耗。 结果与结论：①围绝经期和绝经后女性的全身脂肪百分比显著高于绝经前女性。②3组间的静息代谢率无显著差异,经体质量校正后围绝经期女性的每千克体质量静息代谢率显著低于绝经前女性。③绝经后女性的骨密度、股骨颈抗骨折能力、下肢最大肌力、下肢肌肉分布系数显著低于围绝经期女性和绝经前女性(P < 0.05)。④体质量、下肢肌肉分布系数与每千克体质量静息代谢率呈正相关,身高、体质量指数、全身脂肪含量与每千克体质量静息代谢率呈负相关。以上结果表明,绝经后女性体成分发生变化,身体脂肪含量增加,肌肉含量减少,骨量减少;骨骼、肌肉、关节功能处于退行性变;体成分改变与静息能量消耗之间存在一定的相互关系。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

两种力量训练对膝关节伸屈肌力量平衡性影响的对比研究

目的探讨10周渐进性气动变阻力量训练(PST)与传统力量训练(TST)对20￣45岁普通人群膝关节伸屈肌力比的影响。方法30名普通人群分为气动组(PST组)和传统组(TST组),分别利用不同的力量训练器械进行训练;训练前后测试实验对象膝关节最大等长伸屈膝力量。结果力量训练后,气动组静力性最大屈膝力矩与膝关节伸屈肌力比有显著提高;传统组膝关节伸屈肌力比显著降低;组间比较关节伸屈肌力比差异显著。结论40%￣90%1RM(1RM指最大能重复一次)负荷内,渐进性气动变阻力量训练能提高膝关节的伸屈肌力比,传统力量训练则更易提高肌肉的快速力量,两者有一定的互补作用。     

生物电阻抗法测量身体成分的可行性

目的 :比较双能X射线吸收法(DEXA)与生物电阻抗法(BAI)测量人体成分的相关性和一致性,探讨操作简单、便于携带的BIA人体成分测量仪的可靠性和实用性,为野外测量及其他大样本量多点测量提供参考。方法:对80例成人(男性31例,女性49例)分别采用人体脂肪测量仪(BC-601)、多频身体成分分析仪(MC-180)及LUNARDEXA测试仪测量15项身体成分。结果 :BC-601与MC-180比较,男性在推定骨量、水分率、内脏脂肪、右上肢脂肪率、右上肢肌肉量、躯干肌肉量及女性测量指标体脂率、左上肢脂肪率、右下肢脂肪率、左下肢脂肪率及总肌肉量,所测得的结果间差异无统计学意义;男、女性除水分率(男性不相关;女性负相关)外,其余均呈正相关;BC-601较MC-180会低估脂肪率、高估肌肉量,一致性分析在总体脂率及总肌肉量上仅在女性上表现较好,2种机器可以互相取代。BC-601与LUNARDEXA测试仪15项指标间呈正相关,男、女性右上肢肌肉量及女性推定骨量、男性四肢脂肪率时无差异;BC-601较LUNAR DEXA测试仪会低估躯干脂肪率,高估四肢脂肪率,低估四肢肌肉量,高估躯干肌肉量。成年男女及女性总体脂率上一致性表现较好。MC-180与LUNAR DEXA测试仪13项指标间相关性良好,除男性中推定骨量(低估)、成年男女中左上肌肌肉量(高估)外,均出现低估肌肉量,高估脂肪率的现象。一致性分析也仅在男性上表现较好。结论:BAI法在测量成年总体脂率及总肌肉量上可靠性较强。     

宁夏汉族青少年脂肪分布特点的分析

目的:分析宁夏汉族不同年龄段、不同性别青少年脂肪的分布特点。方法:采用生物电阻抗分析法,分析1831例宁夏汉族不同年龄段青少年(男性911例,女性920例)脂肪的分布规律,比较各指标均值在性别间的差异性。结果:宁夏汉族青少年脂肪总量、总体脂率及身体各部分(左上肢、左下肢、右上肢、右下肢、躯干)脂肪量和体脂率总体呈现随年龄变化而上升的特点;不同性别宁夏汉族青少年脂肪总量及总体脂率,身体各部分脂肪量及体脂率均值女性均高于男性,脂肪总量(9～19岁)、总体脂率(7～19岁),左上肢、躯干(12～19岁)、左下肢、右下肢(9～19岁)、右上肢(11～19岁)脂肪量及左上肢、左下肢(9～19岁)、右上肢、右下肢(7～19岁)、躯干(11～19岁)体脂率差异有统计学意义。结论:宁夏汉族青少年脂肪的分布具有性别差异,脂肪分布随年龄变化的特点可能与体内激素分泌水平有关。     

围绝经期和绝经后女性血清脂联素水平与身体成分之间的关系

目的 分析甘肃省中西部地区围绝经期和绝经后女性血清脂联素水平与身体组成之间的关系，探讨影响血清脂联素水平的因素。方法 采用生物电阻抗分析仪测量638例(围绝经期317例，绝经后321例)甘肃中西部女性体重、体质量指数(BMI)、腰臀比、脂肪量、体脂肪率、内脏脂肪含量和肌肉量；通过ELISA检测血清脂联素水平；采用Pearson相关分析和多元线性回归分析法探讨脂联素水平与身体成分之间的关系。结果 甘肃省中西部地区绝经后女性体重、肌肉量均呈下降趋势；腰围、腰臀比、体脂肪率、内脏脂肪含量呈上升趋势；BMI、脂肪量、脂联素水平无明显差异。从总体来看，脂联素水平与体脂肪率、内脏脂肪量成正相关，与肌肉量成负相关，其中内脏脂肪量是脂联素水平的主要影响因素。结论 甘肃中西部地区围绝经期和绝经后女性血清脂联素水平主要影响因素为内脏脂肪量。     

铅球运动员主要关节等速肌力配布特征

背景：目前,国内外利用等速仪器针对铅球运动主要环节肌肉力量特征方面研究的文献较少。目的：查找铅球运动员不同速度下各主要环节肌力配布特征和存在的不足。方法：利用德国ISOMED2000等速肌力测试系统,对第十一届全运会男子铅球冠军膝关节、髋关节、腰背环节和肩关节进行慢速60 (°)/s和快速180 (°)/s等速测试。结果与结论：①膝关节慢速左右侧屈伸肌比值为25.6%、39.4%,快速屈伸肌比值为28.5%、29.8%,屈肌群肌力较小。②髋关节在快、慢速时,右侧伸肌群分别为左侧的2.11和1.87倍,屈肌群为1.25和1.64倍,右髋非常显著性大于左髋。③腰背环节慢速屈伸肌比值为93.3%,快速测试屈伸肌比值为84.3%。④肩关节自然位屈伸,慢速屈伸肌力右肩分别为左肩的1.27和1.34倍,快速为左肩的1.40和1.92倍。⑤各环节根据人体模型相对质量按膝关节为基准膝、髋、躯干、肩为1∶2.38∶3.30∶0.70。结果表明：①膝关节屈伸肌群绝对肌力、快速屈肌群肌力均较弱,肌群配备不合理。②躯干肌力在右侧最大力量伸肌群、左右侧快速伸肌群非常薄弱,增加腰背肌力伸肌训练,特别是慢速和快速肌肉力量和伸展性训练。③右侧各环节伸肌群薄弱,加强右肩伸肌群的绝对肌肉力量。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程全文链接：     

饮酒对拉萨藏族成人体成分的影响

目的:通过对拉萨藏族成人饮酒习惯与体成分之间的关系研究,探讨体成分指标因饮酒所产生的差异,为藏族成人的预防保健提供数据支持。方法:采用整群抽样法抽取年龄在30岁-60岁之间的拉萨藏族成年人共592例,男性396例(饮酒组151例、非饮酒组245例),女性196例(饮酒组48例、非饮酒组148例),收集饮酒相关资料并测量人群体成分指标所获数据录入SPSS 23.0软件,进行统计分析。结果:饮酒组男性全身脂肪量、躯干脂肪量、内脏脂肪量等均明显高于非饮酒组,女性饮酒组皮下脂肪量、左下肢脂肪量、右上肢脂肪量、右下肢脂肪量均低于非饮酒组。饮酒量与体成分指标的相关分析结果显示,男性饮酒量与全身脂肪量、躯干脂肪量、内脏脂肪量均呈正相关,女性饮酒量与全身脂肪量、躯干脂肪量、皮下脂肪量、左下肢脂肪量、右下肢脂肪量均呈负相关。男性、女性饮酒量与肌肉量均无关。结论:饮酒使拉萨藏族成年男性的脂肪量增加,女性脂肪量减少,对肌肉含量无影响。     

Thera-Band 渐进抗阻训练在行走期发育性髋关节发育不良患儿中的应用价值分析

目的:探讨Thera-Band渐进抗阻训练对行走期发育性髋关节发育不良患儿髋关节功能、肌力水平及下肢肌群表面肌电信号的影响.方法:选取我科2020年7月至2021年9月期间98例行走期发育性髋关节脱位患儿作为研究对象,以抽签的方法进行分组.对照组49例患者给予常规康复训练,观察组49例患者在此基础上增加Thera-Band渐进抗阻训练.训练4 w后,采用Mckay髋关节功能评定标准测定髋关节功能优良率,采用徒手肌力法测定肌力水平,采用表面肌电采集系统测定下肢肌群表面肌电信号.结果:观察组患者髋关节功能优良率明显高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者屈髋肌、伸髋肌、髋外展肌、伸膝肌肌力水平均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者股直肌、臀大肌、臀中肌、支腿抬高股直肌、后伸臀大肌、髋外展臀中肌表面肌电信号均高于对照组(P<0.05).结论:Thera-Band渐进抗阻训练能够有效提高行走期发育性髋关节发育不良患儿髋关节功能,改善肌力水平及下肢神经传导速度.     

女子曲棍球运动员膝关节屈伸肌群等速测试与分析

背景：等速测试系统已广泛应用来评价不同项目运动员关节肌群的力量特征。 目的：测试广东省女子曲棍球运动员的膝关节进行等速向心,观察曲棍球项目运动员膝关节屈伸肌群的等速向心测试力量特征。 方法：运用CON-TREX等速测试系统对广东省14名现役女子曲棍球运动员的膝关节进行等速向心测试。检测指标为相对峰力矩、关节肌群屈伸肌峰力矩比值、平均功率、总功和疲劳指数。 结果与结论：在60 (°/s)慢速测试时,女子曲棍球队员的两侧膝关节肌群相对峰力矩值表现为伸肌大于屈肌(P < 0.01);左膝关节屈伸肌峰力矩比值在3种不同测试速度下的范围为66%~77%,右膝关节屈伸肌峰力矩比值为82%~88%;左膝关节伸肌平均功率值均大于屈肌(P < 0.01);左右膝关节伸肌的总功值均大于屈肌(P < 0.01);膝关节屈伸肌疲劳指数范围在0.24~0.48之间。膝关节伸肌的最大力量大于屈肌,屈伸肌峰力矩比值在240 (°/s)快速测试时略微偏低,而右膝关节屈伸肌峰力矩比值在慢速测试时偏高,说明女子曲棍球队员左膝关节屈肌快速力量偏低,右膝关节伸肌最大力量比较低,伸肌的快速力量大于屈肌,伸肌的工作能力强于屈肌,屈伸肌的力量耐力水平比较低。     

Muscle hypertrophy following 5-week resistance training using a non-gravity-dependent exercise system

AIM: The efficacy of a mechanical, gravity-independent resistance exercise (RE) system to induce strength gains and muscle hypertrophy was validated. Designed for space crew in orbit, this technique offers resistance during coupled concentric and eccentric actions by utilizing the inertia of a rotating flywheel(s), set in motion by the trainee. METHODS: Ten middle-aged (30-53 years) men and women performed four sets of seven maximal, unilateral (left limb) knee extensions two or three times weekly for 5 weeks. Knee extensor force and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the three superficial quadriceps muscles were measured before and after this intervention. In addition, with the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), volume of individual knee extensor and ankle plantar flexor muscles was assessed. RESULTS: Over the 12 training sessions, the average concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC) force generated during exercise increased by 11% (P < 0.05). Likewise, maximal isometric strength (maximal voluntary contraction, MVC) at 90 and 120 degrees knee angle increased by (P < 0.05) 11 and 12% respectively, after training. Neither individual quadriceps muscle showed a change (P > 0.05) in maximal integrated EMG (iEMG) activity. Quadriceps muscle volume increased by 6.1% (P < 0.05). Although the magnitude of response varied, all individual quadriceps muscles showed increased (P < 0.05) volume after training. As expected, ankle plantar flexor volume of the trained limb was unchanged (P > 0.05). Likewise, MVC, CON and ECC force, iEMG and knee extensor and plantar flexor muscle volume were unaltered (P > 0.05) in the right, non-trained limb. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that the present RE regimen produces marked muscle hypertrophy and important increases in maximal voluntary strength and appears equally effective as RE paradigms using gravity-dependent weights, in this regard.     

膝骨性关节炎患者动态平衡能力变化

背景：膝骨性关节炎患者屈膝肌力及伸膝肌力均有不同程度的下降,进而影响患者的平衡控制能力。 目的：探讨膝骨性关节炎患者动态平衡功能的变化特征。 方法：纳入22例膝骨性关节炎患者(膝骨性关节炎组)和20例健康正常人(正常组),应用动态平衡仪进行动态平衡能力测试,包括总体稳定指数、前后方向稳定指数和左右方向稳定指数;稳定性测试：包括完成稳定性测试全部随机目标跟踪的时间,平均方向控制能力和前、后、右、左、前右、前左、后右、后左8个方向上的控制能力。 结果与结论：膝骨性关节炎组在睁眼双足站立、闭眼双足站立状态下总体稳定指数、前后方向稳定指数、左右方向稳定指数均高于正常组(P < 0.01),平均方向控制能力、前方控制能力、后方控制能力、左方控制能力、后右方控制能力测试值低于正常组,而完成该测试所需时间明显增加(P < 0.01)。说明膝骨性关节炎患者动态平衡能力下降。     

运动与绝经后女性骨强度、体成分及性激素的关系

目的 探讨运动对兰州市汉族绝经后女性骨强度、体成分及性激素的影响.方法 2018年1月～2019年6月,采用随机整群抽样选取兰州市汉族绝经后女性233例(运动组110例,非运动组123例),采用超声骨密度仪、生物电阻抗分析仪及电化学发光全自动免疫分析仪,分别测量跟骨骨强度、体成分和性激素.结果 兰州市汉族绝经后运动组女...     

Muscle hypertrophy following 5‐week resistance training using a non‐gravity‐dependent exercise system

Aim: The efficacy of a mechanical, gravity‐independent resistance exercise (RE) system to induce strength gains and muscle hypertrophy was validated. Designed for space crew in orbit, this technique offers resistance during coupled concentric and eccentric actions by utilizing the inertia of a rotating flywheel(s), set in motion by the trainee. Methods: Ten middle‐aged (30–53 years) men and women performed four sets of seven maximal, unilateral (left limb) knee extensions two or three times weekly for 5 weeks. Knee extensor force and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the three superficial quadriceps muscles were measured before and after this intervention. In addition, with the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), volume of individual knee extensor and ankle plantar flexor muscles was assessed. Results: Over the 12 training sessions, the average concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC) force generated during exercise increased by 11% (P < 0.05). Likewise, maximal isometric strength (maximal voluntary contraction, MVC) at 90 and 120° knee angle increased by (P < 0.05) 11 and 12% respectively, after training. Neither individual quadriceps muscle showed a change (P > 0.05) in maximal integrated EMG (iEMG) activity. Quadriceps muscle volume increased by 6.1% (P < 0.05). Although the magnitude of response varied, all individual quadriceps muscles showed increased (P < 0.05) volume after training. As expected, ankle plantar flexor volume of the trained limb was unchanged (P > 0.05). Likewise, MVC, CON and ECC force, iEMG and knee extensor and plantar flexor muscle volume were unaltered (P > 0.05) in the right, non‐trained limb. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the present RE regimen produces marked muscle hypertrophy and important increases in maximal voluntary strength and appears equally effective as RE paradigms using gravity‐dependent weights, in this regard.     

东乡族成年女性绝经前后骨强度和体成分特征及其相关性

目的 分析东乡族成年女性绝经前后骨强度和体成分变化并探讨体成分变化对骨强度的影响。 方法 2016年9月~2018年7月采用随机整群抽样选取甘肃省东乡族41～50岁成年女性203例（绝经前102例,绝经后101例）,采用超声骨密度仪、生物电阻抗分析仪分别测量跟骨骨强度和体成分指标。 结果 东乡族绝经后女性的骨强度、肌肉组织体成分低于绝经前（P<0.05）;脂肪组织体成分高于绝经前（P<0.01）。东乡族绝经后女性骨质疏松的患病率高于绝经前（P<0.01）。Pearson 相关分析显示,绝经前后女性的骨强度均与肌肉组织体成分正相关（P<0.01）,与脂肪组织体成分负相关（P<0.01）。多元线性逐步回归分析显示,四肢肌肉量是东乡族女性骨强度的保护性因素,皮下脂肪含量是骨强度下降的危险因素。 结论 肌肉以及脂肪组织共同决定着东乡族女性的骨强度且与体成分分布部位有关,但两者的关系不受绝经状态的影响。绝经是东乡族女性骨质疏松发生的重要影响因素,应加强绝经后女性骨质疏松的防控。加强肢体锻炼,增加四肢肌肉量,减少皮下脂肪,有助于提高东乡族绝经前、后女性骨强度,预防骨质疏松。     

Postmenopausal HRT and tibolone in relation to muscle strength and body composition

OBJECTIVES: Sarcopenia, the loss of muscle mass with age, has a great impact on physical function, and especially in postmenopausal women, who experience a greater decline in muscle strength than do men of similar age. Conventional hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may diminish this loss of muscle strength and may even increase muscle strength. However, HRT is not currently promoted for this indication because of its negative side effects, which is why tibolone, a synthetic steroid with oestrogenic, progestogenic, and androgenic activity, may be an alternative option. The aim of this article was to review data on the effect of HRT and tibolone on muscle strength and body composition in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Medline, Pubmed, Embase, and Sumsearch were searched for articles on the effect of HRT and tibolone on muscle strength and body composition, using the Mesh terms hormone replacement therapy and clinical trial combined with muscle strength or body composition. Tibolone was added as search term with clinical trial and muscle strength or body composition. RESULTS: Three of five randomized controlled trials reported a significant positive effect of HRT on muscle strength but not on body composition. Tibolone significantly increased handgrip strength and isometric knee extension strength in one randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind trial and increased mean knee extensor strength in one cross-sectional study. Tibolone also increased the lean body mass and decreased the accumulation of body fat. CONCLUSIONS: HRT and tibolone increase muscle strength. Unlike HRT, tibolone also increases lean body mass and significantly reduces the total body fat content. Further research is recommended to determine whether tibolone is a safe treatment for sarcopenia.     

膝骨关节炎与膝关节伸、屈肌群肌力的相关性研究

目的通过研究膝骨关节炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)症状及病变阶段与膝关节伸、屈肌群肌力的相关性,探讨KOA患者肌力训练的关键肌群。方法社区募集健康老年人、单膝KOA患者、双膝KOA患者共99位志愿者,应用膝关节等速肌力测试、WOMAC评分、6 min步行测试、CS-30测试,分析志愿者膝关节伸、屈肌群峰力矩与KOA症状、全身有氧运动能力、关节功能等的相关性。结果单膝KOA组患者患侧膝关节伸肌群等速峰力矩显著低于健侧。双膝KOA组患者症状严重侧和症状较轻侧膝关节伸、屈肌群等速峰力矩差异均有统计学意义。双膝KOA组患者膝关节伸肌群等速峰力矩显著低于健康组。KOA患者膝关节伸、屈肌群等速峰力矩与CS-30测试、6 min步行测试均呈正相关,均与年龄呈负相关;膝关节伸肌群等速峰力矩与WOMAC评分的疼痛和功能障碍项呈负相关。结论膝关节伸、屈肌群均与KOA相关,KOA康复过程中不仅需重视股四头肌等伸肌群的训练,而且要兼顾腘绳肌、腓肠肌等屈肌群的训练。     

Leg-press resistance training during 20 days of 6° head-down-tilt bed rest prevents muscle deconditioning

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training on the morphological and functional properties of human lower limb muscles during 20 days of 6° head-down-tilt bed rest. Nine men were randomly assigned to the resistance training group (BR-Tr, n=5) or the non-training, control group (BR-Cont, n=4). Isometric leg-press exercises were performed: 3 s × 30 repetitions (30 s rest between repetitions) daily for 20 days during the bed-rest period. Serial axial magnetic resonance images were taken from the right thigh and leg muscles, and muscle volume, muscle length, and fibre length were estimated. The physiological cross-sectional areas (PCSAs) of the knee extensor, knee flexor, ankle plantarflexor, and ankle dorsiflexor (tibialis anterior) muscle groups were determined as muscle volume multiplied by the cosine of the angle of fibre pennation divided by fibre length. Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) during knee extension was measured. No significant changes were observed in the PCSA of the knee extensor muscles in BR-Tr group, whereas the PCSA in the BR-Cont group decreased by 7.8%. The PCSA of the knee flexor and plantarflexor muscles in the BR-Tr group and BR-Cont group significantly decreased after bed rest (knee flexors, 10.2% and 11.5%; plantarflexors, 13.0% and 12.8%, respectively). However, in both groups bed rest had no effect on the muscle volume and PCSA of the tibialis anterior. MVC was maintained by resistance training in the BR-Tr group (decreased by 1%). In contrast, a decline of strength was observed in the BR-Cont group (−16%), but this result was not statistically significant. These results suggest that isometric leg-press training prevents the deconditioning (i.e. atrophy and decline of strength) of the knee extensor muscle group. Accepted: 23 December 1999