神经重症患者术后中枢神经系统感染预测模型的构建及验证

目的构建列线图模型, 以预测神经重症患者术后发生中枢神经系统感染(CNSI)的风险。方法回顾性分析2020年1至2022年1月武汉大学人民医院重症医学科收治的神经外科术后患者的临床资料, 共1 264例。将首义院区的987例患者作为训练集, 将光谷院区的277例患者作为验证集。以术后30 d出现CNSI为研究终点。采用先单因素后多因素logistic回归分析法确定患者术后出现CNSI的危险因素, 基于危险因素构建列线图模型。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线、C指数及校准曲线评估列线图模型的预测准确性及判断能力, 采用临床决策曲线分析(DCA)法评估模型的临床应用价值。在验证集对模型进行内部验证。结果 1 264例患者中, 146例(11.6%)发生CNSI, 其中训练集有102例(10.3%, 102/987), 验证集有44例(15.9%, 44/277)。多因素logistic回归分析显示, 糖尿病史、急性生理与慢性健康状况(APACHE)Ⅱ评分≥10分、急诊手术、手术时间≥4 h、术中出血量≥400 ml、合并休克、术后行腰大池引流术和脑室外引流术、术后血清白蛋白≤30 g/L及...     

神经外科重症监护室病人继发中枢神经系统感染的相关危 险因素

目的 探讨神经外科重症监护室（NICU）病人发生中枢神经系统感染（CNSI）的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2016年1~12月入住NICU的853例神经外科重症病人的临床资料，采用多因素Logistic 回归分析检验危险因素。结果 853例中，发生CNSI 31例，发生率为3.63%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，年龄<60岁、白细胞减少、幕下开颅手术、放置引流管是NICU病人发生CNSI的独立危险因素 （P<0.05）。结论 NICU病人继发CNSI的危险因素众多，临床应密切关注，早做防范。     

血清尿酸水平与中枢神经系统感染的相关性研究

目的 探讨血清尿酸(serum uric acid,SUA)与中枢神经系统感染(central nervous system infections,CNSI)发病机制的关系,为CNS1的病情评估及临床治疗开辟新途径.方法 收集CNSI患者357例,包括病毒性(脑膜)脑炎(病脑)97例、脑囊虫病65例、结核性(脑膜)脑炎(结脑)74例、隐球菌性(脑膜)脑炎(隐脑)75例以及细菌性(脑膜)脑炎(化脑)46例,以132例多发性硬化( multiple sclerosis,MS)患者及89名健康体检者( healthy controls,HC)作为对照.各CNSI组给予临床常规药物治疗:病脑患者予盐酸伐昔洛韦等抗病毒,脑囊虫病患者予阿苯达唑驱虫,结脑患者给予异烟肼、利福平、乙胺丁醇、吡嗪酰胺、莫西沙星5联抗结核,隐脑患者予两性霉素B、5氟胞嘧啶、氟康唑等抗真菌,化脑患者给予头孢曲松钠等抗细菌治疗.检测各组对象治疗前及治疗后病情稳定时的静脉血SUA水平并进行比较.结果 CNSI患者中病脑、脑囊虫病、化脑、结脑和隐脑组SUA水平[分别为(264.94±120.67)、(264.86士96.97)、(170.22士102.02)、(200.04士129.81)、(179.59士106.77) μmol/L]均显著低于HC组[(312.06土92.76)μmol/L](均P＜0.01).病脑组和脑囊虫病组SUA水平与MS组[(244.48±111.86) μmol/L]无统计学差异(均P＞0.05),而化脑、结脑和隐脑组SUA水平均低于MS组(均P＜0.01),也低于病脑组(均P=0.000)和脑囊虫病组(均P＜0.01).治疗后CNSI各组患者SUA水平(病脑、脑囊虫病、结脑、隐脑和化脑组分别为(290.92士111.80)、(278.59士80.86)、(458.89±189.32)、(232.41土138.11)、(195.73士103.69)μmol/L]较治疗前[(242.86士105.12)、(249.07±90.59)、(240.17士169.74)、(181.06±101.89)、(153.11士120.55)μmol/L]均明显升高.结论 CNSI患者SUA水平降低.     

双侧脑室外引流及腰穿置管脑脊液净化治疗全脑室出血铸型

一、资料与方法 1998年1月至2009年1月,收治全脑室系统出血铸型患者102例,男85例,女17例;年龄28～72岁,平均44岁.GCS评分6～8分68例,5分34例.     

儿童病毒性脑炎的诊治体会

我院自2010-01～2011-04收治102例病毒性脑炎患儿,对诊断方法及临床治疗效果进行回顾性分析,现汇报如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料病毒性脑炎患者102例,男59例,女43例,年龄3个月～14岁;其中3个月～1岁19例(18、6%),     

102例原发性脑干出血的治疗

目的 分析原发性脑干出血的病因、临床症状、诊断、治疗及预后.方法 回顾性分析102例原发性脑干出血患者的临床资料.结果 本组总病死率为69.61%.结论 高血压动脉硬化为本病主要病因,脑干出血的预后与既往史、意识障碍、出血部位、出血量和并发症有关.     

儿童晚发型痫性痉挛的临床特征分析

目的 探讨儿童晚发型痫性痉挛的病因、临床-电生理特点、疗效及预后.方法 对湖南省儿童医院神经内科住院部2015年1月至2019年12月期间临床诊断为晚发型痫性痉挛的102例患儿进行回顾性研究,收集其临床资料、实验室检查结果、治疗方案,选取其中84例有门诊随访资料者,收集其治疗转归及预后情况等.结果 102例患儿中,男性...     

TERT启动子突变、ATRX表达水平在人脑胶质瘤病人预后评估中的作用

目的 探讨端粒酶逆转录酶(TERT)启动子突变、α-地中海贫血伴智力低下综合征基因(ATRX)表达水平在人脑胶质瘤病人预后评估中的价值.方法 回顾性分析2016年6月～2018年6月手术治疗的102例人脑胶质瘤的临床资料.术后检测脑胶质瘤组织TERT启动子突变及ATRX表达情况.所有病人术后随访2年.结果 102例中,...     

102例有机磷农药中毒后的植物神经功能障碍

本文对确诊有机磷农药中毒治愈出院的102例患者进行了随访,重点进行植物神经功能检查,并同102名健康人作对照。 一般资料 男58例,女44例。年龄15～65岁。随访距中毒时间1～11年,平均5.5年。中毒农药有1605、3911、1059、乐果、敌百虫、敌敌     

经额、颞顶部微创清除术治疗基底节区出血的对比观察

我院自2000年1月以来,开展经额部微创清除术治疗基底节出血54例,与既往经颞顶部微创术进行回顾性分析,现将结果报道如下。1资料和方法1.1临床资料 所有患者均为我院神经内科住院病例,脑出血量均在30ml以上。血肿部位均在基底节区,共172例患者,男102例,女70例。所有患者均经脑CT检查确诊,并按中华医学会神经科分会脑卒中患者神经功能缺损评分标准评分为     

A case of tuberculous encephalopathy with multiple intracranial tuberculomas

A case of 56-year-old man with tuberculous encephalopathy following pulmonary tuberculosis was reported. Computed tomography (CT) revealed low density virtually confined to the white matter of the cerebral hemisphere. Contrast enhanced CT demonstrated intracranial multiple spotted lesions, all of which were homogeneously enhanced, supporting multiple intracranial tuberculomas. Magnetic resonance miss spelling imaging (MRI) suggested brain edema and demyelination of the white matter. Clinically this case was characterised by evidence of diffuse cerebral involvement in the form of convulsions, abnormal behavior and consciousness impairment without significant signs of meningitis. Antituberculous chemotherapy improved both clinical symptoms and intracranial lesions on CT and MRI. These findings strongly suggested the diagnosis of tuberculous encephalopathy with multiple tuberculomas. No adult case of tuberculous encephalopathy with multiple intracranial tuberculomas has been previously reported.     

Cryptococcal meningitis accompanying lymphocytic inflammation predominantly in cerebral deep white matter: A possible manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

Cryptococcal meningitis is rarely complicated by immune‐mediated leukoencephalopathy, but the precise pathomechanism is uncertain. A 72‐year‐old Japanese man treated with prednisolone for Sweet disease developed a subacute progression of meningitis, which was considered as neuro‐Sweet disease. A treatment by methylprednisolone rapidly improved CSF findings with a remarkable decrease in lymphocyte numbers in the blood, but the patient's consciousness still worsened after the cessation of the treatment. The patient developed cryptococcal meningitis and MRI showed abnormal intensities predominantly in the cerebral deep white matter along with the recovery of lymphocyte numbers in the blood, which resulted in death. A postmortem examination of the brain revealed degenerative lesions, especially at the cerebral white matter and cortex adjacent to the leptomeninges abundantly infiltrated by Cryptococcus neoformans. In the affected cerebral deep white matter, perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes was prominent in coexistence with reactive astrocytes and vascular proliferation, but these findings were not observed in the subcortical and cortical lesions. Cryptococcus neoformans was not present within the brain parenchyma. This is the first report of a case suggesting that cryptococcal meningitis can accompany lymphocytic inflammation predominantly in cerebral deep white matter as a possible manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.     

基本临床及实验室资料在成人结核性脑膜炎中的诊断价值

目的 以基本的临床及实验室资料为基础寻找成人结核性脑膜炎和新型隐球菌性脑膜炎的鉴别点,并建立相应诊断规则.方法 实验对象为中山大学附属第三医院2000年～2008连续住院的成人患者,包括100例结核性脑膜炎患者及119例新型隐球菌性脑膜炎患者,并分析其基本的临床及实验室资料.运用logistic回归分析寻找可独立预测结核性脑膜炎的危险因素,并建立相应的诊断规则.结果 Logistic回归分析得出六项可独立预测结核性脑膜炎的危险因素:性别、神志改变、视听损害、脑脊液蛋白、脑脊液白细胞数及合并颅外结核.利用上述因素建立的诊断规则其诊断结核性脑膜炎的灵敏度为78.0%,特异度为95.2%,阳性预测价值92.9%,阴性预测价值84.4%.结论 基本的临床及实验室资料有助于帮助鉴别结核性脑膜炎和新型隐球菌性脑膜炎,可在实验室条件不够完善的广大基层医院应用.     

系统性红斑狼疮合并中枢神经系统感染34例临床分析

目的研究分析系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)合并中枢神经系统感染的临床表现。方法回顾性分析2001年1月至2011年12月石家庄平安医院34例SLE合并中枢神经系统感染患者临床资料,提出临床特征及其相关危险因素。结果 34例SLE合并中枢神经系统感染,发生率为1.44%;其中结核性脑膜炎25例(73.53%),新型隐球菌脑膜炎7例(20.59%),病毒性脑膜炎2例(5.88%)。给予内科常规治疗,25例结核性脑膜炎痊愈21例,死亡4例;7例隐球菌脑膜炎痊愈3例,死亡4例。病毒性脑膜炎痊愈1例,死亡1例。本文SLE合并中枢神经系统感染34例中总共死亡9例(26.47%)。全部患者在诊断前均经过糖皮质激素治疗,28例患者应用较大剂量激素治疗,18例患者联合免疫抑制剂治疗。SLE合并中枢神经系统感染的临床特点主要为高热、头痛及意识障碍;狼疮活动度评分(SLEDAI)平均9±3分。脑脊液检查发现糖和氯化物降低明显。结论①系统性红斑狼疮合并中枢神经系统感染以结核性脑膜炎最常见;②肾上腺皮质激素、免疫抑制剂的应用是SLE合并感染的危险因素;③SLE合并中枢神经系统感染与狼疮活动度无关,而神经精神狼疮多发生于狼疮高度活动期,SLEDAI评分对二者鉴别诊断有意义;④狼疮合并中枢神经系统感染以高热、头痛及颅内压增高为主要表现,反复腰穿脑脊液检查对SLE合并中枢神经系统感染的诊断和判断预后有重要价值。     

Chronic meningitis in Thailand. Clinical characteristics, laboratory data and outcome in patients with specific reference to tuberculosis and cryptococcosis

The charts of 114 consecutive patients with chronic meningitis admitted to a general hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, between 1993 and 1999 were retrospectively reviewed. The most common causative agents were Cryptococcus neoformans (54%) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (37%). HIV and other underlying diseases had a major impact on the presentation of chronic cryptococcal meningitis patients. Compared to HIV-negative cryptococcal meningitis patients (21%), HIV-positives (79%) had a significantly lower incidence of focal signs (p = 0.02), hydrocephalus (p = 0.03) and seizures (p = 0.001) during hospital stay, furthermore, a lower leucocyte level, a significantly higher glucose level (p = 0.02) and a lower protein level (p = 0.03) in the first cerebrospinal fluid examination. Of the 43 patients with chronic tuberculous meningitis, only 3 were HIV positive. Focal neurologic deficits were found more frequently in tuberculous meningitis patients (p = 0.001) when compared to cryptococcal meningitis patients without HIV. Cerebral infarction on cerebral CT was indicative of tuberculous meningitis. Cryptococcal meningitis patients with HIV infection had a worse outcome compared to non-AIDS patients. Advanced stage of the disease on admission, decreased level of consciousness prior to and on the admission day and raised intracranial pressure above 40 cm H(2)O at any given time were predictive of a poor outcome in tuberculous meningitis patients.     

联合检测CRP,IL-6,Procalcitonin水平在成人脑膜炎诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨联合检测C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)、降钙素原(Procalcitonin)水平在成人脑膜炎诊断中的应用价值。方法 选取病毒性脑膜炎患者30例为病毒组,结核性脑膜炎患者30例为结核组,化脓性脑膜炎患者30例为化脓组; 同时选取体检健康者30例为对照组,检测4组血清中CRP,IL-6,Procalcitonin的表达水平; 用ROC曲线下面积分析CRP,IL-6,Procalcitonin水平对成人脑膜炎的诊断价值。结果 健康人群血清中CRP和IL-6的表达水平均比成人脑膜炎患者低,且在病毒性脑膜炎、结核性脑膜炎和化脓性脑膜炎患者中表达水平有明显差异,血清中Procalcitonin的表达水平在化脓性脑膜炎患者中最高(P<0.05),结核性脑膜炎患者次之(P<0.05),健康人群再次之(P<0.05),病毒性脑膜炎患者中最低(P<0.05)。CRP高表达与成人脑膜炎患者脑脊液中蛋白水平呈正相关(r=0.826,P<0.001); Procalcitonin高表达与成人脑膜炎患者脑脊液中葡萄糖水平呈正相关(r=0.866,P<0.001)。诊断病毒性脑膜炎患者与体检健康者CRP,IL-6,Procalcitonin水平的灵敏度分别为83%、87%、87%,特异度为83%、87%、87%; 诊断结核性脑膜炎患者与体检健康者CRP,IL-6,Procalcitonin水平的灵敏度分别为93%、87%、87%,特异度为67%、73%、87%; 诊断化脓性脑膜炎患者与体检健康者CRP,IL-6,Procalcitonin水平的灵敏度分别为87%、87%、87%,特异度为87%、73%、87%; CRP,IL-6和Procalcitonin水平对成人脑膜炎的联合诊断的灵敏度为88.89%,特异度为83.33%,准确度为87.50%。结论 CRP,IL-6,Procalcitonin水平可作为辅助诊断成人脑膜炎的潜在标志物。     

Factors affecting prognosis of cryptococcal meningitis]

By analyzing 26 cases of clinic data in cryptococcal meningitis. The author found that the poor prognosis in cryptococcal meningitis depends on following factors: 1. younger age of patients, 2. abrupt onset, 3. course prolonged over 6 weeks, 4. complicated extracerebral cryptococcal infections and many underlying disease, 5. used corticosteroids and antibiotics longtime, 6. higher CSF pressure and lower CSF cells count most of which is neutrophilic leukocyte.     

Levels of soluble delta-like ligand 1 in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of tuberculous meningitis patients

In this study,the levels of soluble delta-like ligand 1 in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of 50 patients with tuberculous meningitis,30 patients with viral meningitis,20 patients with purulent meningitis and 40 subjects without central nervous system disease were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The mean levels of soluble delta-like ligand 1 in both cerebrospinal fluid and serum from patients with tuberculous meningitis were significantly higher compared with those from patients with viral meningitis or purulent meningitis or from subjects without central nervous system disease.Meanwhile,the level of soluble delta-like ligand 1 gradually decreased as tuberculous meningitis patients recovered.If patients deteriorated after treatment,the level of soluble delta-like ligand 1 in cerebrospinal fluid gradually increased.There was no correlation between the level of soluble delta-like ligand 1 and the protein level/cell number in cerebrospinal fluid.Our findings indicate that the levels of soluble delta-like ligand 1 in cerebrospinal fluid and serum are reliable markers for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis and for monitoring treatment progress.At the same time,this index is not influenced by protein levels or cell numbers in cerebrospinal fluid.     

降钙素原在婴幼儿化脓性脑膜炎早期诊断中的意义

目的探讨降钙素原在婴幼儿化脓性脑膜炎早期诊断中的意义。方法将我院2014-02—2015-10收治的71例脑膜炎患者根据临床诊断分为化脓性脑膜炎患儿36例(观察B组)和病毒性脑膜炎患儿35例(观察A组),选择同期于我院治疗的非感染性疾病患儿35例为对照组,3组患者均予以血清降钙素原、C反应蛋白、白细胞计数检测,对比3种检测方法的诊断价值。结果 3组降钙素原、C反应蛋白阳性率对比具有显著性差异(P0.05),其中观察B组降钙素原阳性率、C反应蛋白阳性率明显高于观察A组、对照组(P0.05);观察B组内,降钙素原检测阳性率明显高于C反应蛋白、白细胞计数(P0.05);3组降钙素原、C反应蛋白、白细胞计数定量检测结果对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中观察B组降钙素原、C反应蛋白、白细胞计数均明显高于观察A组、对照组(P0.05)。结论降钙素原在婴幼儿化脓性脑膜炎早期诊断中的应用价值高,值得推广。