A diagnostic test: combined detection of heparin-binding protein,procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein to improve the diagnostic accuracy of bacterial respiratory tract infections

BackgroundRespiratory tract infection (RTI) is one of the most common diseases worldwide, and its incidence is rising year by year due to environmental pollution. Sputum culture remains the gold standard for RTI diagnosis, but its performance is limited by difficulties related to the sampling and testing of the sputum specimens. Heparin-binding protein (HBP), procalcitonin (PCT), and C-reaction protein (CRP) are Inflammatory markers. They have the advantage of being fast, accurate and reproducible, but limited by their sensitivity and specificity. We explored the clinical value of the combined detection of them in the diagnosis of bacterial RTIs.MethodsPatients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected as the case group, healthy age- and sex-matched subjects were enrolled as a control group. The subjects’ HBP, PCT, and CRP levels were detected. The case group was further divided into two groups according to the bacterial culture results, and the differences in the markers were statistically analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn, and the areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) were calculated to analyze the diagnostic values of each marker and their combination in parallel for bacterial RTIs.ResultsThe plasma HBP, PCT, and CRP levels of patients in the bacterial and non-bacterial infection groups were significantly higher than those of patients in the healthy control group, and were positively correlated to the severity of the disease. for HBP with an AUC of 0.785 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.686–0.884], a sensitivity of 0.821, a specificity of 0.771; PCT with an AUC of 0.767 (95% CI: 0.664–0.870), a sensitivity of 0.773, a specificity of 0.791, and CRP with an AUC of 0.748 (95% CI: 0.642–0.854), a sensitivity of 0.839, a specificity of 0.696 in the bacterial and non-bacterial infection groups. The combined detection of HBP + CRP had the optimal diagnostic performance, with an AUC of 0.797 (95% CI: 0.698–0.895; P<0.001), a sensitivity of 0.809, a specificity of 0.800.ConclusionsThe combined detection of HBP and CRP is valuable for diagnosing bacterial RTIs and may guide the development of reasonable treatment protocols in clinical settings.     

前降钙素在肾移植术后患者肺部细菌感染与病毒感染中的诊断价值

目的探讨前降钙素（PCT）在肾移植术后患者肺部细菌感染与病毒感染中的诊断价值。方法 64例肾移植术后肺部感染患者在完善相关检查后确定细菌和病毒感染共38例,同时采用免疫发光分析进行检测PCT水平。PCT水平以0.5ng/ml为阳性分界值。结果将各炎症指标绘制ROC曲线,显示PCT≥0.5ng/ml对鉴别细菌感染时较体温、白细胞计数、C反应蛋白（CRP）等炎症指标其敏感性和特异性更高,分别为73%和69%、52%/36%、50%/36%、54%/43%;PCT阳性患者细菌感染的发生率为73%,明显高于PCT阴性患者（P=0.000）,而PCT阴性患者病毒感染的发生率为69%,明显高于PCT阳性患者（P=0.006）,细菌感染与病毒感染PCT水平有显著差异（P〈0.01）。结论血清PCT水平可以作为肾移植术后肺部感染病原体的辅助诊断指标,其水平以0.5ng/ml作为阳性分界值对鉴别肺部细菌感染与病毒感染具有重要意义。     

Acute phase proteins for the diagnosis of bacterial infection and prediction of mortality in acute complications of cirrhosis

Introduction. Bacterial infection is a frequent complication in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and is related to high mortality rates during follow-up of these individuals. We sought to evaluate the diagnostic value of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) in diagnosing infection and to investigate the relationship between these biomarkers and mortality after hospital admission.Material and methods. Prospective study that included cirrhotic patients admitted to the hospital due to complications of the disease. The diagnostic accuracy of CRP and PCT for the diagnosis of infection was evaluated by estimating the sensitivity and specificity and by measuring the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC).Results. A total of 64 patients and 81 hospitalizations were analyzed during the study. The mean age was 54.31 ± 11.87 years with male predominance (68.8%). Significantly higher median CRP and PCT levels were observed among infected patients (P < 0.001). The AUROC of CRP and PCT for the diagnosis of infection were 0.835 ± 0.052 and 0.860 ± 0.047, respectively (P = 0.273). CRP levels > 29.5 exhibited sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 81% for the diagnosis of bacterial infection. Similarly, PCT levels > 1.10 showed sensitivity of 67% and specificity of 90%. Significantly higher levels of CRP (P = 0.026) and PCT (P = 0.001) were observed among those who died within three months after admission.Conclusion. CRP and PCT were reliable markers of bacterial infection in subjects admitted due to complications of liver cirrhosis and higher levels of these tests are related to short-term mortality in those patients.     

细菌性血流感染患者炎症因子的对比分析

目的 对比分析C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)及内毒素浓度在革兰阴性及阳性菌血流感染的差异,评价这些指标在早期诊断中的价值.方法 选取接受治疗的293例血流感染患者,根据血培养结果分为革兰阴性菌组(G-组)和革兰阳性菌组(G+组),比较两组患者的CRP、PCT及内毒素水平,对PCT、CRP和内毒素水平进行分析.结果 G-组的血CRP、PCT及内毒素水平均明显高于G+组(P＜0.05).G-组各炎症指标线性相关分析,内毒素与PCT正相关(r=0.801,P＜0.01);PCT与CRP正相关(r=0.626,P＜0.01);内毒素与CRP (r =0.534,P＜0.01).ROC工作曲线分析:G-组PCT的AUC 0.988,P＜0.01,最佳诊断的临界值＞7.375μg/L,敏感度95.9％,特异度99.2％;CRP的AUC 0.465,P=0.311;内毒素AUC 0.997,P＜0.01,最佳诊断的临界值＞16.225 ng/L,敏感度99.4％,特异度99.2％.G+组PCT的AUC 0.012,P＜0.01;CRP的AUC 0.535,P=0.311;内毒素AUC 0.003,P＜0.01.结论 PCT和内毒素可以早期鉴别革兰阳性菌和阴性菌血流感染,早期选择适当抗菌素,有重要的临床价值.     

Diagnostic value of soluble CD163 serum levels in patients suspected of meningitis: comparison with CRP and procalcitonin

The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the diagnostic value of sCD163 serum levels with CRP and PCT in meningitis and bacterial infection. An observational cohort study was conducted between February 2001 and February 2005. The study population comprised 55 patients suspected of meningitis on admission to a 27-bed infectious disease department at a Danish university hospital. Biomarker serum levels on admission were measured. Sensitivity and specificity were evaluated at pre-specified cut-off values and overall diagnostic accuracies were compared using receiver-operating characteristic AUCs (areas under curves). Patients were classified by 2 sets of diagnostic criteria into: A) purulent meningitis, serous meningitis or non-meningitis, and B) systemic bacterial infection, local bacterial infection or non-bacterial disease. An elevated serum level of sCD163 was the most specific marker for distinguishing bacterial infection from non-bacterial disease (specificity 0.91; sensitivity 0.47). However, the overall diagnostic accuracy of CRP (AUC =0.91) and PCT (AUC =0.87) were superior (p<0.02 and p<0.06) compared to that of sCD163 (AUC =0.72). For the diagnosis of systemic bacterial infection, the AUC of sCD163 (0.83) did not differ significantly from those of CRP or PCT. All markers had AUCs <0.75 for differentiating between purulent meningitis and other conditions. In conclusion, CRP and PCT had high diagnostic value and were superior as markers of bacterial infection compared to sCD163. However, sCD163 may be helpful in rapid identification of patients with systemic bacterial infection. If used as an adjunct to lumbar puncture, PCT and CRP had very high diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing between bacterial and viral infection in patients with spinal fluid pleocytosis. However, none of the markers was useful as an independent tool for the clinical diagnosis of patients with purulent meningitis.     

中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值联合序贯器官功能衰竭评分对老年脓毒症患者预后的预测作用

目的 探讨中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)联合序贯器官功能衰竭评分(SOFA)对老年脓毒症患者预后的预测作用.方法 回顾性分析解放军第305医院2017年1月至2019年8月收治的124例老年脓毒症患者的临床资料,根据预后情况,分为存活组(58例)和死亡组(66例).比较2组患者性别、年龄、基础病、原发疾病及NLR、...     

红细胞沉降率/C反应蛋白比值联合降钙素原在鉴别诊断系统性红斑狼疮活动和细菌性感染中的价值

目的 评价红细胞沉降率(ESR)/C反应蛋白(CRP)比值联合降钙素原(PCT)在鉴别诊断系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)活动和细菌性感染中的价值。方法 将167例SLE患者分为活动组（SLE活动患者）64例和感染组（SLE合并细菌性感染患者）103例,比较两组患者的ESR、CRP、ESR/CRP比值及PCT水平,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评估上述指标鉴别诊断SLE活动和细菌性感染的价值。结果 活动组患者CRP及PCT均低于感染组,ESR和ESR/CRP比值均高于感染组（P<0.05）。PCT联合ESR/CRP比值鉴别诊断SLE活动和细菌性感染的灵敏度均高于单独检测PCT、CRP、ESR/CRP比值及PCT联合CRP（P<0.05）;而上述5项指标的特异度比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。PCT联合ESR/CRP比值鉴别诊断SLE活动和细菌性感染的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）均高于CRP、ESR、PCT、ESR/CRP比值、PCT联合CRP（P<0.05）,CRP、ESR、PCT、ESR/CRP比值的约登指数（YI）分别为0.36、0.23、0.40、0.54,对应值分别为22.02mg/L、39mm/h、1.69ng/ml、11.75。结论 PCT和CRP水平在SLE合并细菌性感染者中升高,ESR/CRP比值可作为鉴别诊断SLE活动与细菌性感染的新指标,且ESR/CRP比值<11.75提示SLE合并细菌性感染的可能性大,PCT联合ESR/CRP比值更能提高鉴别诊断SLE活动与细菌性感染的价值。     

MELD评分联合血清降钙素原评估乙型肝炎相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者短期预后的价值

目的探讨MELD评分联合血清降钙素原(PCT)预测乙型肝炎慢加急性肝衰竭(ACLF)患者短期预后的临床价值。方法选取2012年1月至2015年12月于云南省第三人民医院住院的乙型肝炎相关ACLF患者331例,分为生存组(208例)和死亡组(123例),比较两组患者的血清TBil、肌酐(Cr)、国际标准化比值(INR)、血清钠(Na~+)、MELD评分和血清PCT。计量资料两组间比较采用独立样本Mann-Whitney U检验或t检验,计数资料组间比较采用χ~2检验,受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)比较采用正态Z检验。结果死亡组患者的TBil(330.9±81.9)μmol/L比(245.5±67.7)μmol/L、Cr(94.9±23.8)μmol/L比(71.2±29.3)μmol/L、INR(2.5±1.0)μmol/L比(2.1±0.6)μmol/L、MELD评分(26.2±6.5)比(22.0±5.8)、血清PCT浓度(1.3±0.3)μg/L比(0.5±0.2)μg/L均高于生存组,血清Na~+水平(128.9±14.1)mmol/L比(133.8±9.3)mmol/L低于生存组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01)。MELD评分、血清PCT预测乙型肝炎相关ACLF患者近期死亡危险性的最佳临界值分别为24.8、0.65μg/L。MELD评分联合血清PCT判断乙型肝炎相关ACLF短期预后的AUC为0.880,高于单独MELD评分的AUC0.820和PCT的AUC0.803,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01)。结论 MELD评分联合血清PCT对乙型肝炎相关ACLF患者短期预后的预测价值良好。     

慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化无创性诊断模型的建立

目的建立由临床及血清指标组成的综合诊断模型，以无创性的评估慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化。方法慢性乙型肝炎患者270例，随机分成模型组（195例）和验证组（75例），均行肝活组织检查及病理分期，并按纤维化程度设定不同判别终点（≥S2，≥S3，S4），同时检测、记录26项临床和实验室常用指标，包括年龄、性别、血常规、生化、凝血酶原时间、病毒载量及血清纤维化四项标志物等参数。在模型组，对指标依次行单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析，筛选出与研究终点相关的独立预测因子，在此基础上构建诊断肝纤维化的指数模型，最后在独立的验证组中检验模型的诊断效率。结果在模型组，建立了一个由年龄、血小板计数、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶和透明质酸四项指标构成的判别肝纤维化程度的指数模型（FibroIndex）。受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）分析显示，FibroIndex判别≥s3的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）为0．889，以积分3．0为界值，诊断的敏感性90．2％，特异性76．1％，准确性82．0％，且其积分与肝纤维化分期呈良好的正向线性相关（r=0．731，p〈0．01）I该指数判别≥s2和s4的界值分别为2．2、5．4，诊断的AUC分别为0．873．0．872，敏感性、特异性分别为79％、82％和83％、75％。将FibroIndex以同样标准应用于验证组，其与模型组AUC比较差异无统计学意义，两组的诊断效率总体上相近。结论运用无创诊断模型评价慢性肝炎肝纤维化严重程度具有敏感、准确和可重复性，并有望在一定程度上替代肝活组织检查来监测慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化的动态变化。     

降钙素原预测急性胆源性胰腺炎患者死亡的临床价值

目的 探讨降钙素原(PCT)预测急性胆源性胰腺炎(ABP)患者死亡的临床价值。方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2017年6月间上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院急诊科收治的196例发病7 d内的ABP患者的临床资料,根据临床结局将患者分为生存组(176例)和死亡组(20例),比较两组患者入院时的临床特点、实验室指标(WBC、CRP、PCT水平)和急性生理与慢性健康评分(APACHEⅡ)、急性胰腺炎严重程度床边指数(BISAP)、改良Marshall评分、序贯器官衰竭评分(SOFA)和CT严重指数(CTSI)。绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),计算曲线下面积(AUC),评估PCT及各评分系统预测ABP患者发生死亡的效能,并通过Delong检测对各种指标在发病1~2 d、3~4 d、5~7 d的预测效能进行比较。结果 死亡组患者的血PCT水平及APACHEⅡ、BISAP、改良Marshal、SOFA、CTSI评分均显著高于生存组[6.98(3.12,13.64)μg/L比0.55(0.17,1.74)μg/L、12.00(6.00,18.75)比6.00(3.00,9.00)、3.20±1.47比1.59±1.05、2.85±0.37比1.96±0.64、5.50(4.00,9.50)比2.00(1.00,4.25)、5.05±2.33比3.39±1.74],差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。PCT预测ABP患者死亡的AUC值为0.881(95%CI 0.820~0.938),截断值为2.44,其预测价值和改良Marshall、BISAP、SOFA评分相当,但显著高于APACHEⅡ评分和CTSI(P值均<0.05)。发病3~4 d的PCT AUC值高于改良Marshall、BISAP、SOFA评分,且显著高于发病1~2 d的AUC值。结论 PCT可用于评估发病7 d内ABP患者的死亡概率,其评估价值与改良Marshall、BISAP、SOFA评分相当,评估的最佳时间点为发病3~4 d。     

Diagnostic value of procalcitonin measurement in febrile patients with systemic autoimmune diseases

OBJECTIVE: To determine the usefulness of plasma procalcitonin (PCT) measurement to suspect infectious etiology in febrile patients with systemic autoimmune disease. METHODS: PCT, C-Reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and white blood cell count (WBC) were measured in 44 consecutive inpatients with a diagnosis of systemic autoimmune disease and fever >38 masculine C. After careful microbiologic screening no obvious infection was demonstrated in 24 patients (Group A) while an infectious bacterial complication was diagnosed in 20 cases (Group B). RESULTS: Median PCT levels were significantly higher in the group B (1.11 vs 0.24 ng/ml; p = 0.0007), whereas the differences for CRP, WBC and ESR did not reach statistical significance. PCT also exhibited a good sensitivity and specificity (75%) in differentiating patients with infection from those with disease flare. With respect to positive and negative predictive values (71.4% and 78.2%), PCT markedly exceeded the other variables. By analyzing PCT values by disease we identified a false positive subgroup of patients suffering from adult onset Still's disease (AOSD), showing markedly elevated PCT levels in absence of infection. By excluding these patients, PCT showed a very good sensitivity and specificity (73.6% and 89.4%) and the area under receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve rose from 0.801 to 0.904. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that elevated PCT concentrations offer good sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of systemic bacterial infection in febrile patients with systemic autoimmune diseases. However, in fever associated with AOSD PCT may be elevated even in the absence of infectious complication.     

The predictive value of serum procalcitonin for non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in the patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

This study aimed to estimate the value of serum procalcitonin (PCT) for non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) prediction in the patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).A total of 220 AECOPD patients were divided into NIPPV group (n = 121) and control group (routine treatment, n = 99) based on the routine standards and physicians’ experience. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the independent factors for NIPPV treatment. Additionally, the predictive values of the factors were measured through receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve.NIPPV group and control group showed significant differences in respiratory rate (RR), PaO₂, PaCO₂, pH, oxygenation index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), neutrophil, CRP (C-reaction protein), and PCT (P < .05 for all). PCT, CRP, PaCO₂, RR, and neutrophil were independently correlated with NIPPV treatment in AECOPD. ROC curve showed that PCT had superior predictive value, with AUC of 0.899, the sensitivity of 86%, and the specificity of 91.9%. The cut-off value of serum PCT for NIPPV prediction was 88.50 ng/l.AECOPD patients who require NIPPV treatment frequently have high levels of PCT, CRP, PaCO₂, RR and neutrophil. Serum PCT may be employed as an indicator for NIPPV treatment in AECOPD patients.     

MELD和SOFA评分系统对预测慢加急性肝衰竭患者短期预后的临床应用价值

目的评价终末期肝病模型(MELD)和序贯器官衰竭估计(SOFA)评分系统对预测慢加急性肝衰竭(ACLF)患者短期预后的临床应用价值。方法对78例慢加急性肝衰竭患者的资料进行回顾性分析,依据治疗3个月时患者的生存情况分为死亡组和生存组,分别进行MELD和SOFA系统评分。应用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评价预测价值,并用K-M生存曲线分析两种预测模型的差异。结果 MELD和SOFA分值均能够较好地预测慢加急性肝衰竭患者3个月内的病死率,C-statistic分别为0.826和0.825,两者的预测能力比较差异无统计学意义(Z=0.0148,P=0.988)。SOFA评分7分和MELD评分23.9分患者分别较SOFA评分≥7分和MELD评分≥23.9分者生存率显著增高,差异有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为17.66和28.33,P值均为0.000)。结论 MED和SOFA评分系统在预测慢加急性肝衰竭患者短期预后方面效果相近。     

Diagnostic value of sepsis biomarkers in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients in a condition of high prevalence of gram-negative pathogens

Objective/backgroundA decision about the need for antimicrobial therapy in a patient with febrile neutropenia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is often complicated because of the low frequency of culture isolation and reduced clinical manifestation of infection. Usefulness and choice of sepsis biomarkers to distinguish bloodstream infection (BSI) from other causes of febrile episode is still argued in HSCT recipients in modern epidemiological situations characterized by the emergence of highly resistant gram-negative microorganisms. In this study a comparative analysis of diagnostic values of presepsin, procalcitonin (PCT), and C-reactive protein (CRP) was performed as sepsis biomarkers in adult patients after HSCT in a condition of high prevalence of gram-negative pathogens.MethodsA prospective observational clinical study was performed at the Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation in Minsk, Republic of Belarus. The biomarkers (presepsin, PCT, and CRP) were assessed in a 4-hour period after the onset of febrile neutropenia episode in adult patients after HSCT. Microbiologically-confirmed BSI caused by a gram-negative pathogen was set as a primary outcome.ResultsClinical and laboratory data were analyzed in 52 neutropenic patients after HSCT aged 18–79 years. Out of the biomarkers assessed, the best diagnostic value was shown in presepsin (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.889, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.644–0.987, p < .0001) with 75% sensitivity and 100% specificity, then in PCT (AUC: 0.741, 95% CI: 0.573–0.869, p = .0037) with 62% sensitivity and 88% specificity. The optimal cut-off value for CRP was set as 165 mg/L, while it had an average diagnostic value (AUC: 0.707, 95% CI: 0.564–0.825, p = .0049) with low sensitivity (40%) and should not be routinely recommended as a biomarker in adult patients with suspected BSI after HSCT.ConclusionPresepsin may be recommended in adult patients with suspected gram-negative BSI after HSCT as a possible additional supplementary test with a cut-off value of 218 pg/mL. PCT is inferior to presepsin in terms of sensitivity and specificity, but still shows a good quality of diagnostic value with an optimal cut-off value of 1.5 ng/mL. CRP showed an average diagnostic value with low sensitivity (40%) and should not be routinely recommended as a biomarker in adult patients with suspected BSI after HSCT in a condition of high prevalence of gram-negative pathogens.     

The diagnostic value of confocal laser endomicroscopy for gastric cancer and precancerous lesions among Asian population: a system review and meta-analysis

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) in detection of gastric cancer (GC), gastric intraepithelial metaplasia (GIM), and gastric intraepithelial neoplasia (GIN) lesions.

Method: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Wangfang databases were searched to include eligible articles about CLE in detection of gastric lesions. After study selection, quality assessment and data extraction conducted by two reviewers independently, meta-analysis was performed by Meta-Disc 1.4. The pooled sensitivity and specificity was calculated, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed, and the area under ROC curve (AUC) was calculated.

Results: Twenty-three studies evaluating the diagnostic value of CLE were included. For the diagnosis of GC lesions, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 91% (88–94%), 99% (99–99%), and 0.9513, respectively. For the diagnosis of lesions, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 92% (90–94%), 97% (96–98%), and 0.9774, respectively. For the diagnosis of GIN lesions, the pooled sensitivity, specificity and AUC were 81% (75–85%), 98% (97–98%), and 0.9204, respectively.

Conclusions: CLE can provide an accurate diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity for GC, GIM, and GIN lesions. The results should be confirmed by well-designed, multi-centered, randomized controlled, and double blinded trials with large samples.     

Presepsin teardown - pitfalls of biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of bacterial infection in cirrhosis

AIM To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of presepsin in cirrhosis-associated bacterial infections. METHODS Two hundred and sixteen patients with cirrhosis were enrolled. At admission, the presence of bacterial infections and level of plasma presepsin, serum C-reactive protein(CRP) and procalcitonin(PCT) were evaluated. Patients were followed for three months to assess the possible association between presepsin level and short-term mortality.RESULTS Present 34.7 of patients had bacterial infection. Presepsin levels were significantly higher in patients with infection than without(median, 1002 pg/m L vs 477 pg/m L, P 0.001), increasing with the severity of infection [organ failure(OF): Yes vs No, 2358 pg/m L vs 710 pg/m L, P 0.001]. Diagnostic accuracy of presepsin for severe infections was similar to PCT and superior to CRP(AUC-ROC: 0.85, 0.85 and 0.66, respectively, P = NS for presepsin vs PCT and P 0.01 for presepsin vs CRP). At the optimal cut-off value of presepsin 1206 pg/m L sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values and negative predictive values were as follows: 87.5%, 74.5%, 61.8% and 92.7%. The accuracy of presepsin, however, decreased in advanced stage of the disease or in the presence of renal failure, most probably because of the significantly elevated presepsin levels in non-infected patients. 28-d mortality rate was higher among patients with 1277 pg/m L compared to those with ≤ 1277 pg/m L(46.9% vs 11.6%, P 0.001). In a binary logistic regression analysis, however, only PCT(OR = 1.81, 95%CI: 1.09-3.01, P = 0.022) but neither presepsin nor CRP were independent risk factor for 28-d mortality after adjusting with MELD score and leukocyte count.CONCLUSION Presepsin is a valuable new biomarker for defining severe infections in cirrhosis, proving same efficacy as PCT. However, it is not a useful marker of short-term mortality.     

应用ROC曲线分析C反应蛋白对下呼吸道细菌性感染的诊断价值

目的 应用ROC曲线分析C反应蛋白(C reactive protein,CRP)对下呼吸道细菌性感染中的诊断价值.方法 选取2015年10月至2016年3月我院呼吸内科住院治疗的部分呼吸系统疾病患者152例,分为细菌性感染组(社区获得性肺炎 普通肺炎和重症肺炎)、特异性感染组(结核分枝杆菌感染)、非感染组(肺肿瘤和气胸),对三组患者入院时治疗前检测的CRP、白细胞(WBC)、中性粒细胞百分比(NEU)％、血沉(ESR)水平进行统计学分析,应用ROC曲线分析各指标诊断普通肺炎和重症肺炎的ROC曲线下的面积(area under the ROC curve,AUC)、敏感度(sensitivity, Se)、特异度(specificity,Sp)、Youden指数(Youden's index,YI),根据CRP的截断值评估其对下呼吸道细菌性感染诊断的敏感度和特异度.结果 ①细菌性感染组CRP、WBC、NEU％、ESR水平均高于非感染组(分别为49.02±37.68 vs 17.99±20.96、10.09±6.44 vs 7.54±2.79、73 54±13.31vs 64.57±9.93、40.55±26.30 vs 29.58±28.80) (P＜0.05);重症肺炎组的上述指标水平均显著高于普通肺炎组(分别为71.34±44.35 vs 43.58±33.99、15.88±9.95 vs8.67±4.27、82.97±11.63 vs71.24±12.72、52.80±28.04 vs 37.56±25.14)(P＜0.05).②CRP诊断下呼吸道细菌性感染敏感度为83.33％,明显高于WBC、NEU％、ESR;普通肺炎组的ROC曲线显示,CRP的AUC-0.795,截断值为12.4 mg/L时的Se、Sp、YI分别为82.9％、60.6％、0.435;重症肺炎组的ROC曲线显示,CRP的AUC=0.877,截断值为44.7 mg/L时的Se、Sp、YI分别为80％、90.9％、0.709.结论 CRP可帮助诊断下呼吸道细菌性感染,其诊断价值优于WBC、NEU％、ESR.CRP＞44.7 mg/L对临床上早期判断重症肺炎有很好的敏感度、特异度及准确度.     

术前胆汁CT值测定诊断胆囊泥沙样结石的应用价值分析

目的 探讨术前胆汁CT值测定在胆囊泥沙样结石诊断中的应用价值。方法 2018年9月～2020年9月解放军总医院肝胆外科常规检查假阴性的胆囊泥沙样结石患者72例和同期因肝脏手术切除正常胆囊的患者40例,常规检查腹部CT并测量CT值,比较两组血白细胞、血淀粉酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、谷酰转肽酶(GGT)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、降钙素原(PCT)和C反应蛋白(CRP)水平。应用受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)分析CT值诊断的效能。结果 两组肝功能和血象变化无显著性差异(P＞0.05);胆囊结石患者胆汁CT值为(66.01±18.24)Hu,显著高于对照组患者【(25.40±8.23)Hu,P＜0.05】;两组术后血清炎症因子水平比较,也无显著性差异(P＞0.05);受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析显示,以胆汁CT值＞25.60 Hu为截断点,其诊断胆囊泥沙样结石的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.954,灵敏性为92.3%,特异性91.0%。结论 常规影像学检查假阴性的胆囊泥沙样结石患者胆汁CT值显著高于正常胆囊者,结合临床表现和胆汁CT值可以诊断胆囊泥沙样结石,值得进一步研究。     

多器官衰竭评分和序贯衰竭评分系统对心脏手术后风险评估的比较

目的:比较多器官衰竭评分(multiple organ dysfunction score,MODS)和序贯衰竭评分系统(sequential organ failure assessment,SOFA)对心脏手术后风险进行评估的价值。方法:2007年10月至2008年4月,对北京安贞医院心脏外科监护室每天收治的18岁以上心脏手术后的患者共1 935例,男性1 050例,女性885例。采用MODS和SOFA系统进行评分,比较这2个系统对心脏手术后风险评估的价值。分别计算这2个系统的手术当日分值、最大分值、3 d内最大分值,第3日与第1日分值差,并计算它们ROC曲线下面积。结果:MODS系统的当日分值、最大分值、3 d内最大分值、第3日与第1日分值差的ROC曲线下面积分别为(0.747,0.901,0.892及0.786),SOFA系统分别为(0.736,0.891,0.880及0.798)。结论:MODS和SOFA系统都可以用于心脏外科手术后风险评估,但MODS对死亡的风险评估优于SOFA系统。     

受试者工作特征曲线分析血小板计数与透明质酸对肝硬化的诊断价值

目的 应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血小板( PLT)计数与透明质酸(HA)对肝硬化的诊断价值.方法 收集377例慢性HBV感染者,分为慢性乙型肝炎组233例,乙型肝炎肝硬化组144例.化学发光法检测HA,全自动血细胞分析仪检测外周血的PLT计数,进行ROC曲线分析.结果 (1 )PLT计数诊断肝硬化的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.888±0.0165,截断值为91×109/L,以PLT计数≤91×109/L来预测肝硬化灵敏度为84.03％,特异度为82.83％.HA的AUC为0.920±0.0138,截断值为308nmol· ml -1·h-1),以HA ＞308 nmol·ml-1 ·h-1来预测肝硬化灵敏度为84.72％,特异度为88.84％.PLT与HA的AUC之间的差异无统计学意义(P=0.089),二指标均为诊断肝硬化的优良指标.(2)以公式log10( PLT/HA)判断两个指标联合对肝硬化的诊断价值,所得AUC为0.945±0.0113,截断值为-0.595,以log10(PLT/HA)≤-0.595来预测肝硬化灵敏度为88.19％,特异度为89.7％.AUC两两比较显示log10( PLT/HA)与PLT之间的差异有统计学意义(P=0.0008);同样log10( PLT/HA)与HA之间的差异也有统计学意义(P＜0.0001).可见PLT与HA联合检测对肝硬化诊断的灵敏度和特异度更高.结论 在慢性HBV感染者缺乏肝组织病理学检查时,联合检测PLT计数与HA对肝硬化的诊断比单—检测有更高灵敏度和特异度,临床价值更高.