Diagnostic impact of baseline cerebral blood flow in patients with acute ischemic stroke prior to intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator therapy

Objective

To determine whether severe cerebral perfusion defects measured by SPECT prior to rt-PA therapy attribute to severe intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH).

Methods

We measured baseline cerebral blood flow (CBF) using technetium-99m-labeled hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) SPECT qualitatively prior to rt-PA therapy, in 52 consecutive patients (range 38–93 years). The degree and extent of the asymmetry of local CBF were analyzed semi-quantitatively. We did not administrate rt-PA in patients with severe perfusion defects. Clinical outcome and the incidence of SICH were studied.

Results

Three (5.8%) patients had severe perfusion defects that were undetected by CT and/or DWI. The other 49 (94.2%) patients had mild perfusion defects. The asymmetry of local CBF was 0.08 ± 0.08 (n = 3) and 0.3 ± 0.15 (n = 49) in the two groups, respectively. The percentages of the ipsilateral hemisphere in which perfusion was impaired severely were 17.5 ± 9.5% (n = 3) and 0.43 ± 0.87% (n = 49). Two patients were found petechial hemorrhage, but there was no patient who developed SICH in the former group following conventional antithrombotic therapy. In the latter group, SICH occurred in 1/49 (2.0%) patient following rt-PA therapy.

Conclusion

These results suggest that rt-PA therapy for patients with severe cerebral perfusion defects may cause SICH and baseline CBF may contribute to identify patients at high risk for SICH after intravenous rt-PA therapy.     

Local mild hypothermia with thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke within a 6-h window

Objective

To determine the safety and efficacy of combined local mild hypothermia and IV rtPA in treating acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with MRI perfusion- and diffusion-weighted imaging (PWI/DWI) mismatch within a 6-h stroke window.

Methods

AIS patients within 6 h of a minimum 20% PWI/DWI MRI mismatch were randomly assigned to 3 groups: local mild hypothermia with IV rtPA (Group A); IV rtPA (Group B); or conventional anti-platelet aggregation (Group C). Mortality and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score and Barthel Index (BI) were used in evaluation.

Results

There were significant differences in NIHSS 24 h after treatment among the three groups (P < 0.001). Based on mRS and BI, more patients in Groups A and B showed favorable outcomes than patients in Group C (P = 0.017 and P = 0.009, respectively); however, there were no significant efficacy differences between Groups A and B. The incidence of symptomatic ICH and the mortality rates within 90 days in the 3 groups were similar. In addition, there were no significant differences in NIHSS improvement at 24 h and favorable outcomes 90 days after IV rtPA treatment between patients within 3 h and 3–6 h from symptom onset.

Conclusions

There was no benefit of combined local hypothermia/IV rtPA treatment compared to IV rtPA alone. PWI/DWI mismatching on MRI can be a selection criteria for IV rtPA treatment within a 6-h window.     

Comparison of thrombolytic agents in treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke; findings from a single centre follow up study in real-life settings.

Background and objectivesHealth outcome data of thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke in real life-settings in India are scarce. We studied the clinical profile, risk factors and functional outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who were thrombolysed.MethodsIn a single centre retrospective study from January 2017 to June 2020, we analysed the data of adult patients with AIS presented within 4.5 h of symptom onset. We included patients if they had NIHSS score ≥4, modified Rankin score of 2 or less before the stroke onset and without evidence of haemorrhage. Modified Rankin score of two or less at the end of three months was defined as the primary efficacy outcome. The development of symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage was considered as the primary safety outcome. We tried to analyse the primary safety and efficacy outcomes between two thrombolytic agents.ResultsNinety patients (Tenecteplase = 61; Alteplase, n = 29) underwent stroke thrombolysis during the study period. The mean age was 64.3 years in Tenecteplase group and 63.2 years in Alteplase group. Twenty patients were aged more than 75 years. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity in both the groups (72% and 72.4%). Median mRS score at 3-months was 1 in Tenecteplase group and 0.5 in Alteplase group (p < 0.001), however there was no statistically significant difference between both treatment groups in terms of NIHS score at 24 h (70.4% vs 51.7%, p = 0.08), functional recovery calculated with mRS at 3-month (83.6% vs 79.3%, p = 0.62) or in terms of symptomatic ICH (9.8% and 17.2% p = 0.36).ConclusionTenecteplase appears to have similar clinical outcomes as Alteplase for stroke thrombolysis. Given the relatively low-cost and ease of administration, Tenecteplase may be better than Alteplase for management of acute ischemic stroke.     

阿替普酶动静脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的比较性研究

目的 比较阿替普酶溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中时静脉溶栓和动脉溶栓的有效性和安全性的差异. 方法 回顾性分析广州医学院第一附属医院自2005年初至2010年底连续登记在库的急性缺血性脑卒中患者的临床资料,包括患者入院时人口学特征、溶栓时间窗、院内时间延误、溶栓途径、阿替普酶剂量、脑卒中严重程度、各项生化和凝血指标及溶栓前重要生命体征,以及CT表现和脑卒中TOAST分型,评价溶栓后出血性转化、血管再通分级和溶栓后90 d预后及死亡率.采用变量筛选技术挑选影响预后的可能因素,并用二元Logistic回归模型分析独立影响因素.结果 本研究共入选96例患者,1例失访,其中男性43例(44.8％),女性53例(55.2％);年龄中位数72岁,体质量中位数58.5 kg;溶栓时间窗中位数4.3 h;静脉溶栓64例,动脉溶栓32例;溶栓后90 d预后良好率为43.8％,死亡率为17.9％.单因素分析显示,动脉溶栓组较静脉溶栓组男性患者比例较高(71.9％vs 31.3％),总费用明显偏高(47623.6元vs 25699.8元),院内延误时间(3.17 hvs 1.73 h)和溶栓时间窗(5.54 h vs 3.58 h)明显延长,阿替普酶用量明显偏少(20 mg vs 50 mg),差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);2组溶栓后36h内责任血管再通率(64.9％vs 53.8％)、出血转化率(25％vs 31.3％)、90 d预后良好比例(45.3％ vs 40.6％)和死亡率(14.7％vs 3.2％)比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).多因素Logistic回归显示溶栓方式对预后无显著影响(OR=0.54,P=0.824,95％ CI:0.00-131.46);血管再通良好是预后良好独立保护因素(OR=0.11,P=0.027,95％ CI:0.02-0.78),但不同溶栓方式对血管再通无显著影响. 结论 在急性缺血性脑卒中的溶栓治疗中,阿替普酶动脉溶栓和静脉溶栓后90 d预后良好比例相当,溶栓后出血转化率和死亡率无明显差异,不同溶栓方式对临床结局无影响.     

动脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗塞临床观察

目的探讨尿激酶动脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗塞的临床疗效。方法经股动脉插管行脑血管造影后，将导管送至血管闭塞部位，用注射泵注射尿激酶行溶栓治疗。观察血管再通率、临床疗效及安全性。结果30例中血管完全再通14例，部分再通11例。24小时、1个月临床疗效评价总有效率分别为33．3％、60．1％。结论动脉溶栓疗法能使26．7％的患者在24小时内临床神经功能缺损得以改善，1个月基本痊愈，是治愈急性脑梗塞最有效的方法之一。     

Recurrent artery-to-artery embolism during intravenous t-PA therapy for acute ischemic stroke

Introduction: Treatment of acute ischemic stroke with systemic thrombolysis in the presence of a proximal thrombo-embolic source carries a theoretical risk of thrombus fragmentation and recurrent embolization. Intracardiac thrombus has received the most attention as a potential source of recurrent emboli, and in the past, it was considered a relative contra-indication to tissue plaminogen activator (t-PA) treatment. More recent data show that recurrent embolization from a cardiac source during t-PA infusion is rare. Case Report: This article describes recurrent symptomatic basilar artery embolization during t-PA infusion from acute thrombus in the proximal cervical vertebral artery. Discussion: This case provides evidence that intravenous t-PA must be used cautiously in the presence of large proximal thrombo-embolic sources and that intraluminal thrombus in a large cervical artery should be considered one such source.     

Thrombolysis and reperfusion: advanced understanding of early management strategies in acute ischemic stroke

Abstract

Currently, intravenous (IV) thrombolysis within 3 hours from stroke onset is the only approved treatment in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Although effective, the definition of therapeutic time window and appropriate patient selection still remains controversial. Notably, early endovascular treatment strategies may serve as an adjunct therapy for time window extension in AIS.

In this article, we review the safety and efficacy of IV thrombolysis in AIS as it pertains to the optimal time window, the selection of eligible patients, and in combination with endovascular treatment. Combined clinical application of IV thrombolysis and endovascular therapy may improve the therapeutic outcomes for AIS patients.     

rt-PA联合尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及安全性研究

目的观察重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂联合尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效与安全性。方法选择前循环急性脑梗死患者171例,联合溶栓组46例,单用rt-PA组39例,单用尿激酶组34例,对照组52例。观察治疗前及治疗后14d NIHSS评分,同时观察再梗死率、脑出血率及死亡率。结果 4组治疗后14d分别和治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3个溶栓组与对照组14d有效率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);4组再发脑梗死率、死亡率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),联合溶栓组脑出血率与单用rt-PA组及单用尿激酶组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 rt-PA联合尿激酶治疗急性脑梗死是安全有效的。     

International benchmarking for acute thrombolytic therapy implementation in Australia and Japan

Although a wide range of strategies have been established to improve intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV-tPA) treatment rates, international benchmarking has not been regularly used as a systems improvement tool. We compared acute stroke codes (ASC) between two hospitals in Australia and Japan to study the activation process and potentially improve the implementation of thrombolysis. Consecutive patients who were admitted to each hospital via ASC were prospectively collected. We compared IV-tPA rates, factors contributing to exclusion from IV-tPA, and pre- and in-hospital process of care. IV-tPA treatment rates were significantly higher in the Australian hospital than in the Japanese (41% versus 25% of acute ischaemic stroke patients, p = 0.0016). In both hospitals, reasons for exclusion from IV-tPA treatment were intracerebral haemorrhage, mild symptoms, and stroke mimic. Patients with baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ⩽5 were more likely to be excluded from IV-tPA in the Japanese hospital. Of patients treated with IV-tPA, the door-to-needle time (median, 63 versus 54 minutes, p = 0.0355) and imaging-to-needle time (34 versus 27 minutes, p = 0.0220) were longer in the Australian hospital. Through international benchmarking using cohorts captured under ASC, significant differences were noted in rates of IV-tPA treatment and workflow speed. This variation highlights opportunity to improve and areas to focus targeted practice improvement strategies.     

急性缺血性脑血管病组织化溶栓干预管理模式的构想——溶栓链和溶栓单元

目的急性缺血性脑血管病的溶栓治疗是一项复杂的临床干预过程,涉及包括血管神经病学、神经外科、神经影像、神经介入、神经重症监护、神经康复等多个学科,需要多科室之间的相互协调、相互配合。方法如何将这些临床医疗资源有效的整合起来,建立高效的急性缺血性脑血管病溶栓干预的体系和医疗管理模式是保证溶栓治疗安全性和有效性的重要前提和基础,也是有待深入探索的新兴领域。结果作者以首都医科大学宣武医院卒中中心溶栓干预的临床实践为蓝本,就急性缺血性脑血管病溶栓干预的管理模式提出自己的设想。结论即"溶栓链和溶栓单元",为探索高效的组织化的急性缺血性脑血管病溶栓管理体系提供借鉴。     

时间窗超过3h急性缺血性卒中患者动脉溶栓治疗观察

目的 评价时间窗超过3 h的急性缺血性卒中患者动脉溶栓治疗的疗效及影响因素.方法 选择法国南锡大学中心医院神经影像科自2008年1月至2009年1月收治的16例急性缺血性卒中患者(时间窗均达到或超过3 h,颈内动脉系统卒中时间窗不超过6 h,椎基底动脉系统卒中时间窗不超过24h.昏迷不超过6 h),行动脉内药物联合机械溶栓治疗,分析不同因素对疗效的影响.结果 7例患者闭塞血管达到完全再通,7例达到部分再通,另有2例闭塞血管未再通,再通率为87.5%.患者动脉溶栓后与溶栓前NIHSS评分比较明显降低.时间窗大于5 h的前循环系统闭塞患者溶栓前后NIHSS评分无改善,与时间窗较短患者相比较,出院时mRS评分明显较高.5例颈内动脉闭塞患者溶栓前后NIHSS评分无改善,与9例大脑中动脉闭塞患者、2例基底动脉闭塞患者相比预后较差.4例患者溶栓后24h出现症状性颅内出血,3例为颈内动脉闭塞,1例死亡.1例溶栓后发生血管再闭,但因侧支循环血流丰富,最终临床预后仍较好.结论 对于时间窗超过3 h大脑中动脉和基底动脉闭塞急性缺血性卒中患者,动脉溶栓可使闭塞血管达到较高的再通率,短期内使临床神经功能恢复,改善临床结局.临床应用动脉溶栓时应注意个体化选择性治疗,评价其疗效需结合时间窗、血管闭塞部位、侧支循环、并发症等因素,避免出血等并发症.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of intra-arterial hrombolytic therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke having their time window over 3 h and analyze its influencing factors.Methods Sixteen patients with acute ischemic stroke having their time window over 3 h, admitted to Department of Neuroradiology of Central Hospital of Nancy University from January 2008 to January 2009, were treated by intra-arterial thrombolysis using chemical (rt-PA) and mechanical technique. These patients had carotid stroke for less than 3 h, vertebrobasilar stroke for less than 24 h or coma for less than 6 h. According to the images of DSA, the recanalization after thrombolysis was evaluated by thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) grades. CT scans 24 h after thrombolysis were operated to detect the hemorrhage complications. NIHSS at baseline and 24 h after thrombolysis and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) were recorded to evaluate the clinical efficacy. Results After intra-arterial thrombolysis, 7 (43.75%) in 16 patients got totally recanalization (TICI grade 3), another 7 partial recanalization (TICI grade 2), and the left 2 patients failed in recanalization (TICI grade 1); the total recanalization rate was 87.5%. A significant reduction of NIHSS scores after the thrombolysis was noted as compared with that before the thrombolysis. The atients with occlusion of anterior ciculation having time window over 5 h enjoyed no reduction of NIHSS scores after thrombolysis; mRS scores in patients having time window over 5 h were ignificantly higher as compared with those in patients having time window less than 5 h.The patients having ICA occlusion (n=5) had no reduction of NIHSS scores after thrombolysis, and enjoyed poorer prognosis as compared with whose occlusion lay in the middle cerebral artery (MCA,n=9) and basilar artery (BA, n=2). By CT scan 24 h after thrombolysis, 4 patients were detected with symptomatic intra cerebral hemorrhage (ICH, 25%) and all of them with occlusion in the internal carotid artery system: 1 patient with occlusion in MCA died of cerebral hernia causing by the large hematoma;the other 3 were all occlusion in ICA. Although reocclusion after thrombolysis occurred, 1 patient was benefitted from the affluent collateral perfusion and got a good prognosis. Conclusion For patientswith BA and MCA occlusion having time window over 3 h, intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy is effective and selective resulting from their high recanalization rate, improvement of neurological function and clinical end. The therapy should be individually chosen; mutiple factors as time window of stroke,location of stroke, ompensatory circulation and complications should be considered in evaluating the efficacy; and the hemorrhage complications should be avoided.     

急性缺血性卒中血管再通治疗的最新进展与展望

及时开通闭塞血管,实现缺血脑组织再灌注,仍然是目前公认的急性缺血性卒中最有效的治疗措施,常见的治疗措施包括静脉溶栓、动脉溶栓、动静脉联合溶栓、血管内取栓治疗等,有时需要对严重狭窄的责任血管进行血管成形等复杂的操作.近两年来,在静脉溶栓治疗和血管内取栓治疗方面,诸多高质量相关临床研究文献刊发,现对此进行总结,以期指导下一步的临床和科研工作.     

Thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to arterial extracranial dissection

Background and purpose: No data of randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of thrombolysis in patients with ischemic stroke caused by an extracranial dissection are available. Previous case series suggested that thrombolysis in this group of patients is safe and improves outcome, however publication bias may play a role. The purpose of the present study was to describe outcome of consecutive patients with ischemic stroke caused by an extracranial dissection treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA), derived from a well‐defined ischemic stroke cohort. Methods: All consecutive patients with a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or ischemic stroke admitted to the Academic Medical Center Amsterdam between January 1, 2007 and September 1, 2007 were prospectively registered. Cause of TIA/stroke, treatment, and 6‐months outcome were recorded. Results: During the study period 252 patients were evaluated with TIA or ischemic stroke. Eight patients (3%) had an extracranial dissection. Of the six rtPA treated patients, five had good clinical outcome and one patient died. The two patients who were not treated with rtPA, because of minor stroke, had good clinical outcome 6 months after index event. Discussion: Treatment with rtPA seems to be safe and feasible in ischemic stroke patients with an extracranial dissection.     

Evaluation of the role of susceptibility-weighted imaging in thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke

We inspected low-intensity venous signals and microbleeds in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) using susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) before and after administration of within-thrombolytic-time-window thrombolytic therapies, and observed their prognosis and safety, in order to guide individualized thrombolytic therapies. Patients with AIS were divided into groups A or B according to the presence of symmetric or asymmetric veins on SWI, and were re-inspected by SWI after intravenous thrombolysis using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). The National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score before treatment and at 1-h and 24-h posttreatment in the two groups were 11.9, 7.3, and 7.1 in group A, 12.4, 8.2, and 7.9 in group B, significant difference was detected between the two groups after treatment. The 90-day mortality rate was 0, and the incidences of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and symptomatic cerebral hemorrhage (SCH) were 17.6%, and 0% in group A, 25.6% and 0% in group B, respectively. The incidences of CMBs and SCH in group A were lower than those in group B, but the intergroup differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The 90-day neurological improvement rates in the two groups were 70.2% and 58.1%, respectively, and group A showed a significantly better prognosis than group B (P < 0.05). Thus, low-intensity venous signals in SWI can be used to evaluate a low level of perfusion, post-thrombolytic prognosis, and bleeding indexes, and can therefore be used to guide individualized thrombolytic therapies.     

缺血性院内卒中患者的溶栓疗效分析

目的分析缺血性院内卒中(in-hospital stroke,IHS)患者溶栓治疗的疗效。方法收集近5年缺血性IHS患者临床资料,按是否接受重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(recombinant tissue plasminogen activato,r-tPA)溶栓治疗分为溶栓组和非溶栓组,比较两组出院时预后良好[改良Rankin量表评分(modified Rankin scale,mRS)0~2分]比例。结果本研究共收集缺血性IHS患者121例,其中溶栓组6例,非溶栓组115例。出院时预后良好(mRS 0~2分)患者溶栓组6例(占100%),而非溶栓组42例(占36.5%),溶栓组预后良好比例显著高于非溶栓组(P0.05)。结论缺血性IHS患者r-tPA溶栓治疗可显著改善临床预后。     

Ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis with tPA-loaded echogenic liposomes

Background and PurposeCurrently, the only FDA-approved therapy for acute ischemic stroke is the administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Echogenic liposomes (ELIP), phospholipid vesicles filled with gas and fluid, can be manufactured to incorporate tPA. Also, transcranial ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis can increase the recanalization rate in stroke patients. However, there is little data on lytic efficacy of combining ultrasound, echogenic liposomes, and tPA treatment. In this study, we measure the effects of pulsed 120-kHz ultrasound on the lytic efficacy of tPA and tPA-incorporating ELIP (t-ELIP) in an in-vitro human clot model. It is hypothesized that t-ELIP exhibits similar lytic efficacy to that of rt-PA.MethodsBlood was drawn from 22 subjects after IRB approval. Clots were made in 20-µL pipettes, and placed in a water tank for microscopic visualization during ultrasound and drug treatment. Clots were exposed to combinations of [tPA] = 3.15 µg/ml, [t-ELIP] = 3.15 µg/ml, and 120-kHz ultrasound for 30 minutes at 37 °C in human plasma. At least 12 clots were used for each treatment. Clot lysis over time was imaged and clot diameter was measured over time, using previously developed imaging analysis algorithms. The fractional clot loss (FCL), which is the decrease in mean clot width at the end of lytic treatment, was used as a measure of lytic efficacy for the various treatment regimens.ResultsThe fractional clot loss FCL was 31% (95% CI: 26-37%) and 71% (56-86%) for clots exposed to tPA alone or tPA with 120 kHz ultrasound. Similarly, FCL was 48% (31-64%) and 89% (76-100%) for clots exposed to t-ELIP without or with ultrasound.ConclusionsThe lytic efficacy of tPA containing echogenic liposomes is comparable to that of tPA alone. The addition of 120 kHz ultrasound significantly enhanced lytic treatment efficacy for both tPA and t-ELIP. Liposomes loaded with tPA may be a useful adjunct in lytic treatment with tPA.     

Analysis of the reasons for exclusion from tPA therapy after early arrival in acute stroke patients

OBJECTIVE: Only a small percentage of patients with acute stroke receive thrombolytic therapy, mainly due to late hospital arrival. Factors excluding those who arrive within 3h after stroke onset are less well known. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During the first year after implementing a protocol for stroke thrombolysis, we prospectively evaluated all patients with stroke admitted to our center within 3h from onset. Within-hospital time intervals were calculated and the reasons for exclusion from thrombolysis were analyzed. RESULTS: Ninety-six patients (representing 16% of all stroke patients admitted) arrived in less than 3h, and 25 of them (representing 7.5% of all patients with ischemic stroke) received thrombolytic therapy, with a door-to-needle interval of 51 min (range, 33-121). The reasons that accounted for 75% of therapy exclusions were non-modifiable (a too mild or improving deficit, and intracranial hemorrhage), except for a time window exceeded, which would probably require increasing public awareness about stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Most reasons for not applying thrombolysis to patients who arrive early enough are non-modifiable. Minimizing the door-to-needle time could compensate for late hospital arrival, which continues to be the main reason for not applying this therapy to stroke patients throughout the world.     

Clinical application of CT angiography in acute ischemic stroke

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the contribution of CT angiography (CTA) in predicting clinical outcome in a broad spectrum of patients presenting with acute neurological deficits suggestive of brain ischemia, to assess its strengths and limitations in this setting, and examine its influence on selection of patients for thrombolytic treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective, observational outcome study of 54 consecutive patients with acute neurological deficits suggestive of brain ischemia who received immediate CTA. Clinical outcome was compared for patients presenting with and without arterial occlusion on CTA. Treatment decisions made by a vascular neurologist blinded to CTA results were compared to CTA cognizant treatment. RESULTS: For patients presenting with slight to moderate neurological deficits, the sensitivity and specificity for predicting good clinical outcome was 0.62 and 0.79, respectively, using the initial NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score alone, and 0.38 and 0.92 if additionally, CTA showed no occlusion. For patients presenting with more severe deficits, the sensitivity and specificity for predicting poor clinical outcome using the NIHSS score alone was 0.79 and 0.60, compared to 0.67 and 0.92 if CTA showed vessel obstruction. CTA correctly identified six stroke mimickers. Selection of patients for thrombolysis made with knowledge of CTA results were more often conservative, and corresponded to CTA blinded decisions in 42/50 cases (84%, r=0.72). CONCLUSIONS: Combining CTA results with the neurological exam allows increased specificity for predicting clinical outcome as compared to predictions based on admission NIH Stroke Scale score alone. Awareness of CTA results was occasionally associated with less aggressive treatment and testing decisions.     

成立脑卒中中心对急性缺血性脑卒中治疗效果的回顾性研究

目的 探讨成立脑卒中中心对急性缺血性脑卒中患者治疗效果的影响。方法 收集本院急诊科2013年6月～2015年11月收入神经内科住院的急性缺血性脑卒中患者62例,其中脑卒中中心成立前30例为对照组,脑卒中中心成立后32例为观察组,对脑卒中中心成立前后治疗效果进行回顾性分析; 观察组严格按照脑卒中中心制定的标准流程进行治疗; 对照组仅用常规药物治疗,转科或出院后再进行康复锻炼; 收集在治疗前、治疗后10、30 d患者的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)判定神经功能缺损情况和日常生活活动能力(ADL)评分,并于90 d时再次评定ADL评分。结果 成立脑卒中中心后观察组符合溶栓条件的溶栓率83.3%,显著高于成立前对照组溶栓率(45.5%),患者总有效率亦高于成立脑卒中前总有效率(P<0.01),治疗30 d后观察组NIHSS和ADL评分明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。结论 成立脑卒中中心可以提高急性缺血性脑卒中患者溶栓率,明显改善患者的总体治疗效果。