改良式断流术加脾肾分流治疗门静脉高压症上消化道出血22例分析

目的探讨改良式断流术加脾肾分流术联合治疗门静脉高压症上消化道出血的临床效果。方法对22例采用改良式断流术加脾肾分流术(联合组),并与20例改良式断流术(断流组)比较术前肝功能、术中测定自由门静脉压、术后14~21 d色多普勒超声检测门静脉血流速度、吻合口情况的回顾性分析。结果联合组无手术死亡、再出血及肝性脑病发生,联合组术后18个月因肺炎死亡1例,断流组术后35个月出血3例,术后1,3年生存率100%及95.5%。结论改良式断流术加脾肾分流术,既保留了幽门收缩功能及断流术的优点,又降低了门静脉压力,并能保持一定量的向肝血流量,有利于肝功能的恢复及腹水的消失。     

脾肾静脉分流联合断流术与单纯断流术远期疗效比较

目的评价近端脾肾静脉分流加门奇断流联合手术和单纯门奇断流术的远期临床疗效。方法回顾性总结近10年采用脾肾静脉分流加门奇断流联合手术和单纯门奇断流术治疗门静脉高压症384例,从术后再出血、脑病、肝功能衰竭发生率三方面总结临床疗效;于术前1周和术后2周应用核磁共振血管造影测量门静脉、脾静脉和肠系膜上静脉的直径、流速和流量,并于术中动态测量门静脉压力。结果联合手术组术后再出血率明显低于断流组,而肝功能和脑病发生率两组差异无统计学意义。联合手术组手术前后门静脉血流量下降差异有统计学意义。联合手术组和断流组门静脉血流量减少差异无统计学意义,但是自由门静脉压的下降差异有统计学意义。结论联合手术可结合断流和分流手术的优点,明显降低出血率,而且不增加脑病和肝衰竭发生率,应成为治疗门静脉高压症合并出血的首选术式。     

三种不同术式对门静脉血流动力学的观测

目的 :测定分流 (SRS)加断流手术 (PCDV)前后门静脉系统血流动力学变化 ,评价其在门静脉高压症外科治疗中的价值。方法 :应用彩色多普勒检测 99例门静脉高压症病人手术前后对门静脉系统的血流动力学的影响 ,术中动态测量门静脉压力。结果 :①SRS +PCDV组 :术后PVF减少 36 .1 0 %± 7.8% ,FPP下降 33 .99%± 9.53 %。FPP的下降与PVF的减少呈正相关 ,PVF和FPP较术前下降 (P <0 .0 5) ,但维持在正常高限且保持门静脉向肝血流 ;②SRS +PCDV组术后的PVF和FPP均介于断流组与脾肾分流组之间 ,且各组之间有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5)。结论 :分流手术后门静脉血流向肝内高灌注 ,门静脉系统瘀血状态依然存在。分流术后门静脉高压瘀血状态缓解 ;门静脉血流肝内灌注显著减少。分流术后门静脉压力降低 ,加做断流术后门静脉压力有不同程度回升 ,术后的PVF和FPP均介于断流术和分流术之间 ,该术式明显优于单纯分流术或断流术。     

脾肾静脉分流联合断流术的临床疗效及对门静脉系统血流动力学的影响

目的 评价近端脾肾静脉分流加门奇断流联合手术和门奇断流术的临床疗效及对门静脉系统血流动力学的影响。方法 回顾性总结近8年采用脾肾分流加门奇断流联合手术和门奇断流术治疗门静脉高压症245例，于术前一周和术后2周应用核磁共振血管造影测量门静脉、脾静脉和肠系膜上静脉的直径，流速和流量，并于术中动态测量门静脉压力。结果 联合手术组术后较术前门静脉血流量下降，肠系膜上静脉流量增加，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），门静脉直径和自由门静脉压下降差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。联合手术组与断流组相比，门静脉血流量的减少差异没有统计学意义，而自由门静脉压的下降差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。联合手术组术后再出血率明显低于断流组，而肝功能和脑病发生率两组间差异无统计学意义。结论 联合手术可结合断流和分流手术的优点，既明显降低出血率又不增加脑病发生，应成为治疗门静脉高压症合并出血的首选术式。     

门静脉高压症的不同手术方式对门静脉系统血流动力学的影响

目的测定脾肾分流术 (SRS)、贲门周围血管离断术 (PCDV)及SRS +PCDV手术前后血流动力学变化 ,并评价这些术式在门静脉高压症治疗中的价值。方法应用彩色多普勒检测 99例门静脉高压症患者手术前后门静脉系统血流动力学的状况 ,术中动态测量门静脉压力。结果 (1)脾肾分流组术后较术前门静脉血流量 (PVF)减少 (5 7± 9) % ,门静脉自由压 (FPP)下降 (5 2± 5 ) % ,差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 1)。 (2 )断流组术后较术前PVF减少 (8± 5 ) % ,与术前差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ;FPP减少 (19± 7) % ,与术前差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。 (3)SRS +PCDV组术后PVF减少(36± 8) % ,FPP下降 (34± 10 ) % (P <0 0 5 )。 (4 )SRS +PCDV组术后的PVF和FPP均介于断流组与脾肾分流组之间 ,且各组之间差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 (1)断流术后门静脉高压瘀血状态依然存在 ;(2 )脾肾分流术后门静脉高压瘀血状态有所缓解 ,门静脉血流肝内灌注减少 ;(3)分流加断流术后PVF和FPP改变不太大 ,但预防出血效果是好的     

脾肾静脉分流联合断流术的临床疗效及对门静脉系统血流动力学的影响

目的评价近端脾肾静脉分流加门奇断流联合手术和门奇断流术的临床疗效及对门静脉系统血流动力学的影响。方法回顾性总结近8年采用脾肾分流加门奇断流联合手术和门奇断流术治疗门静脉高压症245例,于术前一周和术后2周应用核磁共振血管造影测量门静脉、脾静脉和肠系膜上静脉的直径,流速和流量,并于术中动态测量门静脉压力。结果联合手术组术后较术前门静脉血流量下降,肠系膜上静脉流量增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),门静脉直径和自由门静脉压下降差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。联合手术组与断流组相比,门静脉血流量的减少差异没有统计学意义,而自由门静脉压的下降差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。联合手术组术后再出血率明显低于断流组,而肝功能和脑病发生率两组间差异无统计学意义。结论联合手术可结合断流和分流手术的优点,既明显降低出血率又不增加脑病发生,应成为治疗门静脉高压症合并出血的首选术式。     

�������Ӷ����������ٳ�Ѫ������

分流术加断流术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症通常采用分流量较小的门体分流术如脾肾分流或肠腔分流术 ,再附加一个标准的贲门胃底周围血管离断术 (通常不切断胃底或食管再吻合 )。1992～ 1997年我科共施行门静脉高压症上消化道出血择期手术 86例 ,其中包括脾肾静脉分流术加断流术 9例。 9例中肝功能ＣｈｉｌｄＡ级 3例 ,Ｂ级 5例 ,Ｃ级 1例。术后近期死亡 1例 ,该例术前肝功能为ＣｈｉｌｄＢ级 ,术后 2周死于自手术后开始的肝功能持续恶化及肾功能衰竭。手术结束时测量门静脉压力 ,7例较术前下降 ,平均降低0 78ｋＰａ( 8 0ｃｍＨ2 Ｏ) ,2例不变…     

分流加断流联合手术和断流术对门静脉血流动力学的影响

目的评价近端脾肾分流加门奇断流联合手术和门奇断流术的临床疗效及其对门静脉系统血液动力学的影响。方法联合手术组20例,断流组18例,于术前一周和术后2周应用核磁共振血管造影测量门静脉、脾静脉和肠系膜上静脉的直径、流速及流量,并于术中动态测量门静脉压力。结果于联合手术组,术后较术前的门静脉血流量下降,肠系膜上静脉流量增加,差异显著(P<0.05),门静脉直径和自由门静脉压下降非常显著(P<0.01)。于断流组,术后较术前的门静脉直径、流量及自由门静脉压下降,肠系膜上静脉流量增加,均有显著差异(P<0.05),肠系膜上静脉直径增加非常显著(P<0.01)。联合手术组与断流组相比,门静脉血流量的减少无显著性差异,而自由门静脉压的下降差异非常显著(P<0.01)。结论两种手术皆可减少门静脉血流量,降低门静脉压力,而联合手术降低门静脉压力的效果明显优于断流手术,两组间的门静脉向肝血流的减少无显著性差异。联合手术可结合断流和分流手术的优点,不破坏肝门部解剖,理应成为治疗门静脉高压症合并出血的首选术式。     

限制性脾肾分流加断流联合治疗门脉高压症15例报告

目的 观察采用限制性脾肾静脉端侧分流,门奇断流联合手术,对门静脉高压症的治疗效果。方法 采用限制性脾肾分流,门奇断流治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症１５例。结果 除１例术后４８小时死亡外,其余１４例术后随访１年,见其临床止血效果,肝功能改善,肝性能脑病发生,均明显好转;结论１４例限制性脾肾静脉分流,门奇断流在近期降低门静脉压力,止血作用,减少肝性脑病发生率方面,疗效是肯定的。     

改良式断流术联合脾肾分流术治疗门静脉高压上消化道出血的疗效评价

目的研究改良式断流术和联合脾肾分流术对门静脉高压症的治疗效果。方法收集2005年9月至2010年5月福建医科大学附属第二医院收治的46例肝硬化门静脉高压上消化道出血患者的临床和随访资料,根据术式分为联合组（改良式断流术联合脾肾分流术,24例）和断流组（改良式断流术,22例）进行生存分析。结果两组治疗前临床基础资料具有可比性。治疗后断流组自由门静脉压力（FPP）为（37．1±9．7）cmH2O,高于联合组的（30．1±8．9）cmH,O（P〈0．05）;联合组门静脉高乐性胃病、上消化道再出血及门静脉系统血栓的发生率明显低于断流组（均P〈0．05）,而肝性脑病发生率差异无统计学意义。结论改良式断流术联合脾。肾分流术治疗门静脉高压上消化道出血的疗效优于单纯改良式断流术。     

Functional Hepatic Flow Can Predict the Hepatic Reserve Function in Surgical Cirrhotic Patients

Aim: To evaluate hepatic reserve function by monitoring functional hepatic flow in cirrhotic patients admitted for surgical treatments. Methods: Thirty-seven biopsy-proved cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension and 10 healthy volunteers entered the study. Eleven were Child-Pugh class A, 18 class B, and 8 class C. Eight patients undergone Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), 10 were submitted to the combination of TIPS and portal-azygous disconnection, 10 were treated with surgical portal-azygous disconnection, and 9 were treated with the combination of portal-azygous disconnection and spleno-renal shunt. The functional hepatic flow (FHF) and total hepatic flow (THF) were determined by means of modified hepatic clearance of D-sorbitol combined with duplex Doppler color sonography. Portal pressure was measured directly by portal vein catheterization. Results: Portal blood flow, hepatic artery flow, and THF significantly increased in cirrhotic patients compared to the controls, while FHF was significantly reduced. Both portal pressure and FHF decreased in cirrhotic patients submitted to TIPS, the combination of TIPS and portal-azygous disconnection, or the combination of portal-azygous disconnection and spleno-renal shunt (p <.05). FHF decreased significantly in patients treated with TIPS compared to other patients (p <.01). The portal pressure decreased in patients treated with portal-azygous disconnection while FHF maintained no changes (p >.05). Conclusions: Monitor of FHF in cirrhotic patients is valuable to predict different hepatic reserve function in patients receiving different surgical operations.     

Ƣ��������������Ѫ�ܷ�����7������

目的 探讨脾肾静脉间置人造血管分流术治疗门静脉高压症的可行性。方法 自１９９９年１～１２月施行脾肾静间置人造血管（ＰＴＦＥ）的脾肾静脉分流术治疗门静脉高压７例并进行随访。结果 分流后门脉压力平均下降１．２７ｋＰａ,无并发症及手术死亡。随访５～１２个月,彩超示间置人造血管管通畅,食道吞钡显示食道静脉曲张改善４例,消失３例。无再出血,无肝性脑病。结论 该术式治疗门静脉高压症较传统手术简单安全,疗效确切     

Selectivity of the distal splenorenal shunt.

The distal splenorenal shunt is less likely to provoke encephalopathy than conventional shunting procedures, and it may offer a survival advantage for certain cirrhotic individuals, presumably because of its selective nature. This study suggests that the distal splenorenal shunt, even with exceptional efforts to achieve portomesenteric-gastrosplenic (PM-GS) disconnection, is not nearly as selective as it originally was assumed to be. In 11 patients intraoperative pressure determinations showed a significant decrease in portal pressure after end-to-side distal splenorenal anastomosis and no restoration of portal pressure after PM-GS disconnection. Measurements of flow through the shunt were comparable to those reported for portacaval shunts, and shunt flow was not decreased significantly by PM-GS disconnection. Postoperative angiography showed some PM-GS collateral in 17 of 18 patients, and later angiographic studies showed a tendency for progressive collateral development and consequent loss of hepatopetal portal perfusion. The advantages of the distal splenorenal shunt must accrue from gradual, as opposed to abrupt, portal deprivation, rather than from lasting selectivity.     

门静脉高压症外科治疗45年回顾

目的 探讨门静脉高压症手术治疗的适应证、手术时机及术式的选择。方法 将４５年来手术治疗的９１２例门静脉高压症患者,按手术时间分为三个时间组,即１９７８年以前,１９７８－１９８９年,１９９０－１９９８年。对每一时间段急诊与择期行分流手术、断流手术及断流术加分流术（联合术）的疗铲进行回顾分析。结果 （１）９１２例２中,Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ各组,分流术、断流术及联合术例数分别为３４５例、１３例、０例;８４例、２０     

99mTc动态显像观察TIPS加改良Sugiura术对门静脉高压症病人门静脉血流循环及门体分流的影响

目的　研究经颈内静脉肝内门体分流术 (TIPS)加改良Sugiura术对门静脉高压症病人门静脉血流循环、肝外门体分流情况的影响。方法　对 14例门静脉高压症病人 ,进行治疗前后的99mTc动态显像、直接门静脉测压自身对比研究。结果　术前、TIPS及改良Sugiura术后病人的肝脏、门静脉开始显影时间分别显著提前 ;门静脉压力逐步降低 ;TIPS术后门体分流率 (shuntindex ,SI)明显下降 ,而改良Sugiura术后无显著变化 ;肝脏放射性 时间曲线斜率上升。结论　TIPS加改良Sugiura术造成的门静脉及肝外门体分流的改变有助于提高治疗门静脉高压症的临床疗效。     

Differential effects on portal and effective hepatic blood flow. A comparison between transjugular intrahepatic portasystemic shunt and small-diameter H-graft portacaval shunt.

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to determine the effects of transjugular intrahepatic portasystemic shunt (TIPS) and small-diameter prosthetic H-graft portacaval shunt (HGPCS) on portal and effective hepatic blood flow. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Mortality after TIPS is higher than after HGPCS for bleeding varices. This higher mortality is because of hepatic failure, possibly a result of excessive diminution of hepatic blood flow. METHODS: Forty patients randomized prospectively to undergo TIPS or HGPCS had effective hepatic blood flow determined 1 day preshunt and 5 days postshunt using low-dose galactose clearance. Portal blood flow was determined using color-flow Doppler ultrasound. RESULTS: Treatment groups were similar in age, gender, and Child's class. Each procedure significantly reduced portal pressures and portasystemic pressure gradients. Portal flow after TIPS increased (21 mL/second +/- 11.9 to 31 mL/second +/- 16.9, p < 0.05), whereas it remained unchanged after HGPCS (26 mL/second +/- 27.7 to 14 mL/second +/- 41.1, p = n.s.). Effective hepatic blood flow was diminished significantly after TIPS (1684 mL/minute +/- 2161 to 676 mL/minute +/- 451, p < 0.05) and was unaffected by HGPCS (1901 mL/ minute +/- 1818 to 1662 mL/minute +/- 1035, p = n.s.). CONCLUSIONS: Both TIPS and HGPCS achieved significant reductions in portal vein pressure gradients. Portal flow increased after TIPS, although most portal flow was diverted through the shunt. Effective hepatic flow is reduced significantly after TIPS but well preserved after HGPCS. Hepatic decompensation and mortality after TIPS may be because, at least in part, of reductions in nutrient hepatic flow.     

改良式脾肾静脉分流术临床应用

目的 探讨改良式脾肾静脉分流术治疗门静脉高压症的效果。方法 用腹主动脉前脾肾静脉端侧吻合术,（改良式脾肾静脉分流术）治疗门静脉高压症患者５２例。分别观察以前后门静脉压力变化及食道胃底静脉曲张情况,再出血、肝衰竭的发生率及吻合口的通畅情况。结果 分流后门静脉压力平均平下降１１ｃｍＨ２Ｏ,２８例（５３．８４％０患者食 底静脉曲张减轻,４例（７．６９％）患者发生再出血,６例（１１．５４％）发生肝功能衰竭     

小儿门静脉海绵样变的外科诊治

目的探讨小儿门静脉海绵样变的临床特点、诊断方法和最佳手术方式,并复习文献讨论门静脉海绵样变合并腹腔其他疾病、门脉高压性肺动脉高压的临床治疗。方法回顾性分析1990至2008年收治的经手术治疗的14例门静脉海绵样变患儿的临床资料并随访1—16年。结果全部术前明确诊断并手术,术后存活的行肠腔分流的4例患儿术后无消化道出血,行脾肾分流的5例中3例术后仍有反复消化道出血,行断流的2例术后仍有反复消化道出血。死亡3例,1例为4次手术患儿,行胃右-肝左静脉分流效果好但死于败血症肺部感染;1例为合并肺动脉高压患儿,脾肾分流术后死于呼吸、循环衰竭;l例单纯断流患儿术后死于消化道大出血。分流术后未发现肝f生脑病患儿。结论 小儿门静脉高压应首先重视门静脉海绵样变可能;治疗首选肠腔分流;脾大、脾功能亢进明显者在切脾同时可行断流和中央型脾。肾分流;合并其他腹部疾病,应先行分流手术;要注意可能合并肺动脉高压并且治疗效果较差。     

门静脉高压症联合手术前后血流动力学变化的临床意义

目的探讨门静脉高压症患者在联合手术前后血流动力学变化的临床意义。方法回顾性分析45例脾切除、贲门周围血管离断加脾肾静脉分流(简称联合手术)患者术前、术中、术后血流动力学的变化及其对临床疗效的影响。结果本组无手术死亡。术后门静脉自由压从(37±8)cmH_2O降至(30±4)cmH_2O,两者相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);门静脉入肝血流量从(1098±338)ml/min减至(995±293)ml/min,两者相比差异有统计学意义(P>0.05);肠系膜上静脉血流量从(605±288)ml/min增至(735±293)ml/min,两者相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。42例(93%)患者得到随访,平均随访时间2年6个月,再出血发生率为4%,其中1例死亡。门静脉高压性胃病得到明显缓解,肝性脑病发生率为4%,未发现脾静脉血栓形成,肝功能得到一定程度的改善。结论联合手术是治疗门静脉高压症较为理想的有效术式。