阿霉素明胶微球的制备及体外释药特性

目的对阿霉素明胶微球(ADM-GMS)的制备工艺及体外释药特性进行研究.方法用乳化交联法制备阿霉素明胶微球,采用正交试验设计法考察影响制备工艺的各因素.用扫描电镜观察微球表面形态.并对阿霉素明胶微球的粒径大小及其分布、载药量、包封率、体外释药、稳定性等进行了测定.结果微球形态圆整,大小均匀、表面光滑,平均粒径为69.154μm,87.32%的微球粒径分布在50～120μm.微球平均载药量为2.13%,包封率为42.62%.微球体外降解和释药特性满足要求,且37℃下性质稳定.结论该制备工艺稳定,制得的阿霉素明胶微球有望成为临床用动脉栓塞术治疗癌症的新制剂.     

制备方法和工艺对姜黄素-磷脂复合物-壳聚糖微球体外性质的影响

目的 为提高姜黄素的口服吸收,研制姜黄素-磷脂复合物-壳聚糖微球,优选其制备方法和工艺。方法 分别采用离子凝聚法（滴入法、注入法）和乳化交联法制备姜黄素-磷脂复合物-壳聚糖微球,考察工艺条件对微球载药量和释药速率的影响,并对各方法制备的微球进行表征。结果 DSC、IR和SEM证实,3种方法制得的微球均具有良好的球形,姜黄素仍以磷脂复合物的形式存在于壳聚糖微球中而并未解离。离子凝聚滴入法制备的微球载药量高达5%以上,但粒径大,为（1.11±0.08）mm;无突释效应,累积释药量平稳增加。离子凝聚注入法制备的微球粒径最小,为（16.19±4.91）μm,载药量也达5%以上;虽有较弱的突释效应,但释药最完全。乳化交联法制备的微球粒径居中,为（77.48±19.37）μm,但载药量仅在1%左右,且突释效应强,释药量最低。磷脂复合物并没有改变壳聚糖微球的释药规律,各微球的药物释放均符合Weibull分布。结论 离子凝聚注入法更适合制备姜黄素-磷脂复合物-壳聚糖微球。     

三七总皂苷壳聚糖缓释微球的制备及体外释放特性研究

目的制备三七总皂苷壳聚糖缓释微球,并对其体外释药特性进行研究。方法采用乳化交联法制备三七总皂苷壳聚糖微球,以粒径分布、包封率、载药量及体外释药速度为评价指标,考察处方因素对壳聚糖微球的影响。并采用正交设计L9(34)对处方进行优化。结果微球的平均粒径为(4.2±0.3)μm,包封率为(28.58±2.76)%(n=3),载药量为(17.15±1.65)%(n=3)。结论通过优化处方和制备工艺,采用乳化交联法制备的三七总皂苷壳聚糖缓释微球,其体外释药具有明显的缓释作用且制备工艺简单。     

海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微球制备及质量评价研究

目的:研究制备海藻酸钠-壳聚糖葫芦素微球,并对其质量评价及体外释药进行研究。方法:采用滴制法制备海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微球,采用显微观察评价微球的粒径、圆整度及形态学特征,并以葫芦素(CU)为评价指标测定微球的载药量、包封率及体外释药规律。结果:本研究制备的微球粒径均一,圆整度良好,包封率为78.72％,载药量为17.50％...     

制备单抗偶联载阿霉素白蛋白免疫毫微球的初步研究

目的:制备阿霉素牛血清白蛋白纳米粒(DOX-BSA-NP),观察其形态、粒径及药物缓释规律;制备并初步鉴定甲胎蛋白(AFP)单抗导向阿霉素白蛋白免疫毫微球(antiAFP- DOX-BSA-NP).方法:以阿霉素、牛血清白蛋白为材料,采用去溶剂化法制备DOX-BSA-NP;使用电镜技术观察其形态及颗粒大小;采用胰蛋白酶消化方法测定其载药量和包封率,测定体外释药性质.采用SPDP交联法制备单抗导向的载阿霉素免疫毫微球,使用电镜技术观察其形态及颗粒大小,凝胶电泳测定共价连接.结果:(1) DOX-BSA-NP呈圆球状,外观呈红色;粒径大小均匀,载药量约为1.8%,包封率为90.3%,体外释药持续缓慢,第7天时,累积释药分数达到95%.(2) 采用SPDP交联方法制备的antiAFP-DOX-BSA-NP呈球形,粒径330~400 nm.结论:采用去溶剂化法可制备出具有缓释效果的阿霉素白蛋白微球;SPDP方法可以将单克隆抗体与载药微球连接制备出具有免疫功能的毫微球.     

吸附和包埋法制备洛美沙星淀粉微球及其体外释放比较研究

目的 制备盐酸洛美沙星淀粉微球,并对其体外释药模式进行研究。方法 以盐酸洛美沙星为模型药物,采用吸附载药法和包埋载药法制备了载药淀粉微球,通过测定微球载药量、包封率和在不同的释放介质中的体外释放情况,对上述2种方法制备的载药微球进行质量评价。结果 吸附法制备的载药微球的平均载药量为14.54 µg·mg^-1,药物包封率为39.72%;而包埋载药法制备的淀粉微球的平均载药量为19.32 µg·mg^-1,药物包封率为48.95%。体外释药特性研究表明它们具有缓释特性,其中包埋载药法制备的淀粉微球比吸附载药法制备的淀粉微球有更好的缓释能力,在不同的释放介质中释药曲线也有所不同,在模拟胃液中累计释药量只能得到70%;而在模拟肠液中累计释药量能达到80%以上。结论 吸附载药法和包埋载药法制备的载药淀粉微球都具有缓释作用,但后者体外释药具有更明显的缓释效果。     

依托泊苷聚乳酸微球的制备

目的::用生物可降解材料聚乳酸制备依托泊苷微球,并对其体外释药特性进行研究.方法:采用乳化-溶剂扩散法制备依托泊苷聚乳酸微球,通过正交试验确定最佳处方工艺;采用紫外分光光度法测定微球载药量、包封率和体外药物释放,利用光学显微镜观察微球形态和粒径分布.结果:所得微球外观圆整,平均粒径为12.87 μm,载药量为14.79...     

尼莫地平壳聚糖微球的制备及其体外释药特性的研究

目的 以壳聚糖为载体材料制备尼莫地平微球,并考察其体外释药特性。方法 以壳聚糖为载体,液体石蜡为油相,戊二醛为交联剂,span80为乳化剂,采用正交设计优化壳聚糖微球的制备工艺,用乳化交联法制备尼莫地平壳聚糖微球。模拟人体肠液的环境进行体外释药研究。结果 通过单因素考察和正交实验,筛选出尼莫地平壳聚糖微球的优化制备工艺和处方,所得微球形态圆整,大小均匀,表面光滑,平均粒径为9.56 μm,载药量为17.82%,包封率为52%。体外释药结果表明,一级动力学方程能较好的对其进行拟合。结论 尼莫地平壳聚糖微球的制备工艺稳定可行,所得壳聚糖微球有良好的缓释效果。     

多柔比星长效注射微球的体外释放研究

目的:考察多柔比星(Dox)微球的体外释放特性及药物在制备工艺和体外释放过程中的稳定性.方法:以乳酸-羟乙酸共聚物(PLGA)为载体材料,用改进的复乳法(W/O/W)制备载Dox长效注射微球;考察粒径大小、外观、包封率、载药量等理化性质;用紫外分光光度法检测了体外释放溶液中的药物含量,考察了微球的体外释药特性及影响因素;用高效液相色谱法评价了微球制备工艺和体外释放过程对Dox稳定性的影响.结果:微球球形圆整,分散性好,平均粒径为85 μm,包封率为95.1%,载药量为14.8%.随着PLGA浓度的增加,W/O体积比的减小,微球释放速度减慢,突释效应减小.制备工艺对Dox的稳定性无明显影响,而Dox在体外释放过程中随着释放时间的延长逐渐有降解峰产生,10 d后降解峰面积占2.46%.结论:用复乳法制备载Dox微球,通过对PLGA浓度和油水体积比的调节,可以得到不同释放速度的微球.     

肺靶向甲强龙琥珀酸钠明胶微球的制备

目的:探讨肺靶向甲强龙琥珀酸钠明胶微球的制备、稳定性及体外释药特性。方法:采用二步法制备肺靶向甲强龙琥珀酸钠明胶微球,并结合甲强龙琥珀酸钠的水解特性测定其载药量和体外释药特性。结果:制备出吸胀后平均算术粒径(9.9±3.5)μm的微球,515μm的微球占82.7%,载药量20.5%,在pH7.4PBS缓冲液中的释药规律符合Weibull方程,t1/2为43.5min。微球在室温下放置3个月形态及载药量无明显改变。结论:本方法制备的甲强龙琥珀酸钠明胶微球可用于肺靶向治疗。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.