松果体区脑膜瘤及其手术治疗

目的 探讨松果体区脑膜瘤术式的选择并说明影像学检查住处对手术治疗的重要参考价值。方法 回顾９例松果体区脑膜瘤的临床资料及手术体会。结合文献探讨了枕部小脑幕入路和幕下小脑上入路松果树区脑膜瘤切除术的利弊。结果 ９例松果体区脑膜瘤,经仔细阅读ＭＲＩ及ＤＳＡ影像后,其中７例行枕部小脑幕入路切除,２例行幕下小脑上入路切除,术后随讠７个月,患者术前症状均得到明显改善。无明显手术并发症。结论 枕部小脑幕入路是松果体区脑膜瘤比较理想的切除术式,对术前影像学检查所见的肿瘤位、肿瘤相邻重要血管特征及其异常变化住处进行认真分析。是保证松果体区脑膜瘤切除术成功的关键。     

眉弓锁孔入路切除鞍区肿瘤25例

目的探讨鞍区及鞍周肿瘤经眉弓锁孔入路显微手术方法及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析25例经眉弓锁孔显微手术切除的鞍区及鞍周肿瘤的f临床资料和手术方法，其中颅咽管瘤7例，垂体巨大腺瘤11例，鞍结节脑膜瘤4例．微膈脑膜瘤1例，蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤1例，鞍区及Ⅲ室巨大胶质瘤1例。部分病例术中采用神经内镜辅助观察。结果术后复查MRI显示，颅咽管瘤5例全切除，2例次全切除；垂体巨大腺瘤全切除10例，次全切除1例；脑膜瘤全切除5例。次全切除1例；巨大胶质瘤1例镜下全切除。无手术死亡、颅内出血、感染等并发症，术后尿崩6例，3日至1月后恢复正常，视力下降2例，并发脑血管痉挛而行去骨瓣减压术1例。近期随访疗效良好。结论眉弓锁孔入路适用于鞍区及鞍周肿瘤的手术切除，具有手术路径短、创伤性小、切除率满意、疗效佳等特点。内镜术中辅助观察可提高肿瘤全切率，减少神经血管结构的损伤。     

松果体区静脉间隙的显微外科解剖与手术入路的临床应用

目的 介绍松果体区大脑深静脉系统所形成的自然间隙的显微外科解剖与不同手术入路治疗松果体区肿瘤的疗效与体会。方法 在20例尸体头标本上模拟Poppen及Krause入路进行松果体区大脑深静脉系统的显微解剖研究，并对显微外科手术治疗的35例进行回顾性分析，对两种手术入路的静脉间隙进行较详细的比较与探讨。结果 显微外科解剖研究与临床应用相结合使松果体区肿瘤的手术入路更趋于完善。Poppen入路24例，Krause入路11例，其中全切除22例，次全切除7例，部分切除6例。无手术死亡。术后随访3个月～3年，均正常生活。结论 松果体区静脉系统是阻碍手术操作的主要结构，松果体区手术有4个由大脑深静脉系统所构成的显微解剖间隙，手术入路的选择结合显微解剖研究，是松果体区肿瘤全切除的关键所在。     

眶上经眉弓锁孔入路显微手术治疗鞍区肿瘤

目的探讨经眉弓锁孔入路显微手术切除鞍区肿瘤的技术. 方法 2001年7月～2004年6月我院采用经眉弓2.0 cm×3.0 cm游离小骨窗锁孔入路,开放鞍区脑池,显露深部结构,切除鞍区肿瘤33例. 结果 26例垂体瘤全切除19例,次全切除7例;4例颅咽管瘤全切除3例,1例次全切除;2例脑膜瘤全切除;1例视交叉胶质瘤大部分切除.术后5例出现一过性尿崩症,1例发生癫痫大发作,无出血、感染等术后并发症.33例随访4～36个月,平均27个月,全切24例肿瘤无复发,7例垂体瘤、1例颅咽管瘤、1例视交叉胶质瘤术后放疗肿瘤未见增大. 结论经眉弓锁孔入路对脑组织无效暴露少,创伤小,术后并发症少,提高了手术安全性.     

颈静脉孔区肿瘤的显微外科治疗

目的探讨颈静脉孔区肿瘤显微手术的临床疗效。方法分析近4年采用显微外科技术治疗颈静脉孔区肿瘤10例的临床资料．主要临床表现为听力下降和后组脑神经损害．术前行头颅核磁共振和颅底薄层CT扫描，8例行数字减影脑血管造影检查。采用显微外科手术切除．其中经颈静脉孔入路6例．远外侧入路2例，枕下乙状窦后入路2例。结果10例术中肿瘤全切除9例，次全切除1例。病理学示神经鞘瘤6例，神经纤维瘤1例，脑膜瘤1例，转移瘤1例，颅咽管瘤1例术后2例完全清醒后未及时行气管切开术而突发喉头水肿窒息死亡。存活8例磁共振复查显示肿瘤全切除7例，次全切除1例。8例术后症状改善3例，症状不变3例，症状加重2例。结论采用显微外科技术选择适当的手术入路可以较好地切除颈静脉孔区的肿瘤，经颈静脉孔入路可能是该区域肿瘤手术治疗的最佳入路。     

经眶上翼点入路显微手术切除巨大鞍区肿瘤

目的 总结经眶上翼点入路显微手术切巨大鞍区肿瘤的经验。方法 经上翼点入路显微手术切除巨大鞍区肿瘤18例,其中垂体腺瘤7例,颅咽管瘤8例,生殖细胞瘤、脑膜瘤、成熟性畸胎瘤各1例。结果 肿瘤全切除12例,次全切除6例。术后随访4－23个月,恢复良好12例,生活自理3例,生活需人照顾2例,死亡1例。结论 眶上翼点入路能很好地显露鞍区 肿瘤及其周围结构,显微手术是安全切除肿瘤、保护下丘脑功能的关键。     

幕下小脑上入路显微切除松果体区肿瘤

目的 探讨经幕下小脑上入路(Krause入路)显微外科切除松果体区肿瘤的方法和治疗效果。方法 分析1998年3月至2002年4月收治的松果体区肿瘤8例，其中生殖细胞瘤4例，胶质瘤2例。松果体瘤和松果体囊肿各1例。所有病人均采用坐位、气管内插管全麻、经Krause入路显微肿瘤切除，其中2例术中辅助影像导航定位。结果 除1例胶质瘤与大脑大静脉粘连，残存少许肿瘤外。其余病例均达解剖切除，脑脊液循环通畅，无后遗症状。结论 坐位Krause入路显示三脑室后部病变解剖结构清晰，病变暴露良好，基本能达到病灶全切。     

内镜辅助眶上锁孔入路切除颅咽管瘤手术方法及术后护理对策

目的:总结内镜辅助眶上锁孔入路显微手术切除颅咽管瘤方法及术后护理对策.方法:采用眶上锁孔入路,内镜辅助显微技术切除颅咽管瘤11例.其中鞍内-鞍上型2例,鞍上-视定叉周围-脑室外型8例,脑室内-外型1例.结果:术后复查MRI,肿瘤全切除8例,次全切除3例,残余瘤体给予放疗,无手术死亡.随访3个月-2.3年,肿瘤复发1例.颅咽管瘤术前原有症状均有明显不同程度的好转.结论:内镜辅助眶上锁孔入路能清楚显露颅咽管瘤与周围结构的关系,提高了显微手术的精细度与安全性,及时有效的术后护理,提高了疾病的治愈率,防止并发症的发生.     

内镜辅助显微镜下经乙状窦后入路的解剖学观察及临床应用

目的通过对经乙状窦后入路的内镜解剖与显微解剖学研究,为临床提供解剖学参考。方法 10例成人尸头,取经乙状窦后入路,在显微镜和内镜下对其内部结构进行全程观察。采用经乙状窦后入路切除桥小脑角区肿瘤57例。结果通过显微镜及不同角度内镜,能够清楚观察到桥小脑角区的重要血管、神经结构。听神经瘤全切除27例,大部分切除5例;脑膜瘤全切除15例,大部分切除3例;胆脂瘤7例均全切除。无围手术期死亡。无与神经内镜手术相关的并发症。结论内镜辅助显微镜经乙状窦后入路对桥小脑角区暴露良好,对周围组织损伤小,有效提高手术的安全性,较单纯显微手术有明显优势。     

神经内镜辅助眶上锁孔入路切除鞍结节脑膜瘤

目的总结内镜辅助下经眶上锁孔入路显微手术切除鞍结节脑膜瘤的手术效果。方法13例鞍结节脑膜瘤采用眶上锁孔入路,先在显微镜直视下切除部分肿瘤,再在内镜辅助下切除残余肿瘤。结果肿瘤全切除12例（SimpsonⅠ级切除2例,Ⅱ级切除10例）,次全切除1例（SimpsonⅢ级切除）。11例术后随访3个月～6年,平均2.3年,〈1年恢复正常工作和生活9例,术后2年肿瘤复发1例,1年后恢复生活自理1例。结论内镜辅助下眶上锁孔入路切除鞍结节脑膜瘤克服了显微镜直视下的盲区,并发症少,创伤小,效果满意。     

后外侧及内侧联合入路手术治疗三踝骨折

2008年3月～2011年1月,我科根据踝关节的解剖学特点,采用后外侧及内侧联合入路治疗三踝骨折12例,疗效满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组12例,男7例,女5例,年龄24～68(44±1.4)岁。骨折根据Lange-Hansen分型:旋后外旋型4例,     

Similar Superior Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Anterior and Posterolateral Approaches After Total Hip Arthroplasty: Postoperative Patient-Reported Outcome Measure Improvement After 3 months in 12,774 Primary Total Hip Arthroplasties Using the Anterior,Anterolateral, Straight Lateral,or Posterolateral Approach

Background

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are used to evaluate the outcome of total hip arthroplasty (THA). We determined the effect of surgical approach on PROMs after primary THA.

肌间隙入路和传统入路在腰椎融合术中的对比研究

目的:比较经肌间隙入路和传统入路对腰椎融合手术患者的影响。方法:对2016年5月至2017年5月因腰椎间盘突出或MeyerdingⅡ度以内腰椎滑脱行2个节段以内腰椎融合手术治疗的70例患者进行回顾性分析。70例患者根据手术入路分为两组,肌间隙入路组35例,男18例,女17例,年龄(52±11)岁;传统入路组35例,男19例,女16例,年龄(51±14)岁。70例患者中包括腰椎间盘突出症38例,腰椎滑脱32例。记录两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量,术后引流量、腰腿痛VAS评分、外周血CK浓度以及MRI上多裂肌横截面积。结果:肌间隙入路组手术时间、术中出血量和术后引流量均少于传统入路组(P0.05)。术后7 d和3个月两组患者的VAS腰痛评分差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者VAS腿痛评分,术后7 d差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后3个月差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后1 d和3 d外周血CK浓度:肌间隙入路组分别为(400±103) U/L和(176±58) U/L,传统入路组分别为(598±57) U/L和(222±50) U/L,两组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者MRI上多裂肌横截面积:术前肌间隙入路组为(424±66) mm~2,传统入路组为(428±82)mm~2,组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.8);术后3个月肌间隙入路组为(347±73) mm~2,传统入路组为(239±78) mm~2,组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:行腰椎融合手术,肌间隙入路与传统后正中入路相比,确实拥有手术时间短、对椎旁肌损伤小、术后腰腿痛缓解明显等优势,但在确定手术方案时,术者也应充分认识到Wiltse间隙在不同层面的解剖学差异可能对手术操作产生的影响。     

The Direct Anterior Approach is Associated With Early Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty

Background

The direct anterior approach for total hip arthroplasty (THA) has generated increased interest recently. The purpose of this study was to compare the duration to failure and reasons for revision of primary THA performed elsewhere and subsequently revised at our institution after the direct anterior vs other nonanterior surgical approaches to the hip.

Transoral vs. Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Clival/Upper Cervical Chordoma

The surgical results of 18 cases of clival/upper cervical chordoma treated in the last decade via the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA, 9 cases) and the transoral-transpalatal approach (TO-TPA, 9 cases) were compared. Each group showed the same incidence of subdural invasion, with 5 cases each. The superior (frontal base) and lateral surgical fields were wider by EEA, but the inferior view lower than the cranio-vertebral junction (CVJ) was wider by TO-TPA. Gross total removal was achieved in 3 cases in the EEA group, but in only 1 case in the TO-TPA group. Differences in radicality might be due to the extent of the lateral and subdural overview. However for large tumors extending below the CVJ, TO-TPA was the only viable approach for surgical removal. Surgical complications were higher in the EEA (4 cases) than the TO-TPA group (1 case), and were mainly caused by aggressive management of subdural invasion in the EEA group. Post-operative oral intake was earlier and the operative time was shorter in the EEA group. The surgical results were more radical and less invasive in the EEA group than the TO-TPA group. However in tumors extending below the CVJ, the surgical field in EEA was limited, indicating the need to use the transoral route or a combination of routes. A higher complication rate following subdural management was a negative factor that requires improvement in the EEA group and two-staged EEA followed by a transcranial approach may be considered for the cases with subdural invasion.     

Microsurgical anatomy and related techniques to an anterolateral transthoracic approach to thoracic disc herniations

The microsurgical anatomy and related techniques of a modified anterolateral transthoracic approach to the thoracic disc space is presented. This procedure was performed on at least three thoracic levels of 12 cadavers within a few hours after death. Such an approach allows a safe decompression of the spinal cord and roots under full visual control. There is minimal risk to radiculome-dullary vessels, minimal osteoligamental resection, and no compromise of stability of the spinal column. Therefore, this procedure does not require surgical stabilization of the spinal column, postoperative bracing, or prolonged bed rest. The difference between this approach and anterolateral transthoracic, posterolateral, and transpedicular approaches is discussed.     

Accessing the Basilar Artery Apex: Is the Temporopolar Transcavernous Route an Anatomically Advantageous Alternative?

The restricted operative field, difficulty of obtaining proximal vascular control, and close relationship to important anatomic structures limit approaches to basilar apex aneurysms. We used a cadaveric model to compare three surgical transcavernous routes to the basilar apex in the neutral configuration. Five cadaveric heads were dissected and analyzed. Working areas and length of exposure provided by the transcavernous (TC) approach via pterional, orbitozygomatic, and temporopolar (TP) routes were measured along with assessment of anatomic variation for the basilar apex region. In the pterional TC and orbitozygomatic TC approaches, the mean length of exposure of the basilar artery measured 6.9 and 7.2 mm, respectively (p = NS). The mean length of exposure in a TP TC approach increased to 9.3 mm (p < 0.05). Compared with the pterional and orbitozygomatic approaches, the TP TC approach provided a larger peribasilar area of exposure ipsilaterally and contralaterally (p < 0.05). The multiplanar working area related to the TP TC approach was 77.7 and 69.5% wider than for the pterional TC and orbitozygomatic TC, respectively. For a basilar apex in the neutral position, the TP TC approach may be advantageous, providing a wider working area for the basilar apex region, improving maneuverability for clip application, fine visualization of perforators, and better proximal control.     

单一入路手术治疗巨大侵袭性脊柱神经鞘瘤

目的探讨单一入路手术治疗巨大侵袭性脊柱神经鞘瘤的方法、疗效与安全性。方法回顾性分析自2013-01—2016-01采用单一入路手术治疗的11例巨大侵袭性脊柱神经鞘瘤。1例颈椎肿瘤行前路手术,2例颈椎肿瘤行后外侧入路手术。胸腰椎肿瘤4例中3例行后路手术,1例行前路手术。骶椎肿瘤4例行后路手术。结果本组手术时间120~290(210±55)min,术中出血量150~1 200(537±306)ml。1例S1神经根结扎后下肢肌力下降,双侧S4神经根结扎后出现二便功能障碍,术后半年逐渐恢复。本组均获得4~28(13.2±6.8)个月随访,所有患者均未发现肿瘤复发和转移,内固定位置良好。术前痛区VAS评分1~8(4.5±2.0)分,末次随访时VAS评分1~3(1.8±0.6)分;末次随访时疼痛较术前明显缓解,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术前7例有神经功能障碍者ASIA评分:左侧39~49(44.5±3.9)分,右侧40~49(45.7±3.0)分;末次随访ASIA评分:左侧42~49(46.7±2.5)分,右侧45~49(47.4±1.4)分;手术前后ASIA评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论单一入路手术能够完整切除巨大侵袭性脊柱神经鞘瘤,彻底减压并重建脊柱稳定性,疗效确切,并发症少。