拉米夫定干扰素α联合治疗慢性乙型肝炎对YMDD产生的影响

目的探讨拉米夫定联合干扰素α治疗慢性乙型肝炎YMDD变异的发生率. 方法 112例慢性乙型肝炎患者随机分为2组,治疗组60例,用拉米夫定、干扰素α治疗26周,后单用拉米夫定26周;对照组52例,单用拉米夫定治疗52周;所有病例均于治疗前检测丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、HBeAg/Anti-HBe HBV DNA及YMDD变异. 结果 112例患者治疗52周后, HBeAg/Anti-HBe转换率治疗组为46.7%、对照组为23.1%,两组比较差异有明显性(P<0.05);YMDD变异发生率治疗组为3.3%、对照组为17.3%,两组对照差异有明显性(P<0.05);HBV DNA总转阴率治疗组为83.3%、对照组为67.3%,经统计学处理,差异有明显性(P<0.05). 结论拉米夫定与干扰素α联合治疗对HBeAg/Anti-HBe转换率及HBV DNA转阴率均明显优于单用拉米夫定组,并对于延迟及减少YMDD变异相关性耐药有一定的作用.     

康宁胶囊联合拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎的疗效

目的观察康宁胶囊联合拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)的临床疗效。方法将CHB患者分为康宁胶囊组、拉米夫定两药联合组共三组,治疗后6、12个月时,分别检测肝功能、血清肝纤维化指标和HBV病毒指标等,进行疗效评价。结果联合组治疗6、12个月时ALT、AST复常率分别为80.0%、87.5%和77.5%、87.5%,显著高于单药组;治疗6个月时,三组HA、LN、PIIIP、IV-C等肝纤维化指标均有明显下降,联用组下降更明显;治疗12个月时,联用组HBeAg转阴率、HBeAg/HBeAb转换率和HBV DNA转阴率分别为42.5%、30.0%、82.5%,HBV DNA转阴率显著高于单药组。结论康宁胶囊联用拉米夫定治疗,可提高HBeAg阳性CHB患者抗病毒的应答率和肝功能改善率,提高临床疗效。     

慢性乙型肝炎感染谷丙转氨酶持续正常患者肝脏病理相关因素分析

目的分析慢性乙型肝炎(HBV)感染谷丙转氨酶(ALT)持续正常的患者肝脏病理相关因素,为慢性乙型肝炎病情判断提供依据。方法选取2012年5月-2014年6月接受治疗的94例慢性HBV感染ALT持续正常的患者作为研究对象,对患者肝组织病理学、血清HBV-DNA及HBeAg进行检测,分析患者的肝活检病理炎症分级和纤维化分期、年龄、HBV-DNA载量、血清HBeAg与炎症和纤维化的关系。结果 94例患者均存在炎症,51例患者存在纤维化,占54.3%,≥40岁患者的炎症活动度较严重,其中炎症活动度≥3,占66.7%,与其他年龄组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);≥40岁患者的纤维化程度较高,与其他年龄组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);炎症活动度≥3、纤维化分期≥3的患者HBV-DNA载量均高于炎症活动度≤2、纤维化分期≤2的患者,而≥40岁的患者HBV-DNA载量高于其他年龄组,血清HBeAg阴性和阳性组炎症活动度≤2、纤维化分期≤2的病例数与炎症活动度≥3、纤维化分期≥3比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对于ALT持续正常的慢性HBV感染者均存在不同程度的肝组织病理学的改变,其中>40岁、病毒数量及HBeAg阳性患者更要注意,必要时行肝组织活检。     

拉米夫定联合叶下珠治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效观察

目的 探讨拉米夫定联合叶下珠治疗慢性乙型肝炎的疗效.方法 治疗组采用拉米夫定联合叶下珠治疗慢性乙型肝炎29例,并同时与单独采用拉米夫定治疗的31例作对照,观察两组ALT、AST复常率,HBV DNA的变化及HBV标志物的变化.结果 治疗12个月后,治疗组ALT复常率为89.66%,AST复常率仅为82.76%,HBV DNA下降≥2log10值的变化率为93.10%,HBeAg转阴率为55.17%,HBeAg/抗-HBe血清转换率为31.03%.对照组ALT复常率为70.97%,AST复常率为64.52%,HBVDNA下降≥2log10值的变化率为80.65%,HBeAg转阴率为12.58%,HBeAg/抗.HBe血清转换率为6.45%.两组ALT、AST复常率的比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 拉米夫定联合叶下珠治疗慢性乙型肝炎在ALT、AST的复常率、HBV DNA的下降值、HBeAg转阴率及HBeAg/抗-HBe血清转换率方面优于单用拉米夫定.     

拉米夫定联合叶下珠治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效观察

目的 探讨拉米夫定联合叶下珠治疗慢性乙型肝炎的疗效.方法 治疗组采用拉米夫定联合叶下珠治疗慢性乙型肝炎29例,并同时与单独采用拉米夫定治疗的31例作对照,观察两组ALT、AST复常率,HBV DNA的变化及HBV标志物的变化.结果 治疗12个月后,治疗组ALT复常率为89.66%,AST复常率仅为82.76%,HBV DNA下降≥2log10值的变化率为93.10%,HBeAg转阴率为55.17%,HBeAg/抗-HBe血清转换率为31.03%.对照组ALT复常率为70.97%,AST复常率为64.52%,HBVDNA下降≥2log10值的变化率为80.65%,HBeAg转阴率为12.58%,HBeAg/抗.HBe血清转换率为6.45%.两组ALT、AST复常率的比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 拉米夫定联合叶下珠治疗慢性乙型肝炎在ALT、AST的复常率、HBV DNA的下降值、HBeAg转阴率及HBeAg/抗-HBe血清转换率方面优于单用拉米夫定.     

拉米夫定联合叶下珠治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效观察

目的 探讨拉米夫定联合叶下珠治疗慢性乙型肝炎的疗效.方法 治疗组采用拉米夫定联合叶下珠治疗慢性乙型肝炎29例,并同时与单独采用拉米夫定治疗的31例作对照,观察两组ALT、AST复常率,HBV DNA的变化及HBV标志物的变化.结果 治疗12个月后,治疗组ALT复常率为89.66%,AST复常率仅为82.76%,HBV DNA下降≥2log10值的变化率为93.10%,HBeAg转阴率为55.17%,HBeAg/抗-HBe血清转换率为31.03%.对照组ALT复常率为70.97%,AST复常率为64.52%,HBVDNA下降≥2log10值的变化率为80.65%,HBeAg转阴率为12.58%,HBeAg/抗.HBe血清转换率为6.45%.两组ALT、AST复常率的比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 拉米夫定联合叶下珠治疗慢性乙型肝炎在ALT、AST的复常率、HBV DNA的下降值、HBeAg转阴率及HBeAg/抗-HBe血清转换率方面优于单用拉米夫定.     

拉米夫定联合叶下珠治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效观察

目的 探讨拉米夫定联合叶下珠治疗慢性乙型肝炎的疗效.方法 治疗组采用拉米夫定联合叶下珠治疗慢性乙型肝炎29例,并同时与单独采用拉米夫定治疗的31例作对照,观察两组ALT、AST复常率,HBV DNA的变化及HBV标志物的变化.结果 治疗12个月后,治疗组ALT复常率为89.66%,AST复常率仅为82.76%,HBV DNA下降≥2log10值的变化率为93.10%,HBeAg转阴率为55.17%,HBeAg/抗-HBe血清转换率为31.03%.对照组ALT复常率为70.97%,AST复常率为64.52%,HBVDNA下降≥2log10值的变化率为80.65%,HBeAg转阴率为12.58%,HBeAg/抗.HBe血清转换率为6.45%.两组ALT、AST复常率的比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 拉米夫定联合叶下珠治疗慢性乙型肝炎在ALT、AST的复常率、HBV DNA的下降值、HBeAg转阴率及HBeAg/抗-HBe血清转换率方面优于单用拉米夫定.     

拉米夫定抗乙型肝炎治疗中发生YMDD变异的因素研究

目的 探讨拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎YNDD变异的发生与血清HBV DNA水平、HBeAg、ALT的关系.方法 以295例慢性乙型肝炎患者为研究对象,分别于接受拉米夫定治疗前测定慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBV DNA水平、HBeAg、ALT等指标;经过12个月随访,期间每3个月检测患者血清HBV DNA水平和YMDD变异等.结果 在接受拉米夫定治疗12个月后,295例慢性乙型肝炎患者中有63例发生YMDD变异(21.36%),YMDD变异组治疗前血清HBV DNA水平显著高于未发生YMDD变异组[(7.16±0.34):(6.20±0.63)log10拷贝/mL,P＜0.01],YMDD变异组患者的HBeAg阳性率与未发生YMDD变异组患者的HBeAg阳性率相比,差异具有统计学意义(61.90%:40.95%,P＜0.01);YMDD变异组患者治疗前ALT水平显著高于未发生YMDD变异组患者[(174.9±108.1):(96.1±54.4)IU/L,P＜0.01].结论 拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎YMDD变异的发生与血清HBV DNA水平、HBeAg、ALT等具有密切的相关性;在拉米夫定治疗前对慢性乙型肝炎患者进行血清HBV DNA、HBeAg、ALT等检测,具有重要的指导意义.     

拉米夫定联合叶下珠治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效观察

目的 探讨拉米夫定联合叶下珠治疗慢性乙型肝炎的疗效.方法 治疗组采用拉米夫定联合叶下珠治疗慢性乙型肝炎29例,并同时与单独采用拉米夫定治疗的31例作对照,观察两组ALT、AST复常率,HBV DNA的变化及HBV标志物的变化.结果 治疗12个月后,治疗组ALT复常率为89.66%,AST复常率仅为82.76%,HBV DNA下降≥2log10值的变化率为93.10%,HBeAg转阴率为55.17%,HBeAg/抗-HBe血清转换率为31.03%.对照组ALT复常率为70.97%,AST复常率为64.52%,HBVDNA下降≥2log10值的变化率为80.65%,HBeAg转阴率为12.58%,HBeAg/抗.HBe血清转换率为6.45%.两组ALT、AST复常率的比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 拉米夫定联合叶下珠治疗慢性乙型肝炎在ALT、AST的复常率、HBV DNA的下降值、HBeAg转阴率及HBeAg/抗-HBe血清转换率方面优于单用拉米夫定.     

拉米夫定联合叶下珠治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效观察

目的 探讨拉米夫定联合叶下珠治疗慢性乙型肝炎的疗效.方法 治疗组采用拉米夫定联合叶下珠治疗慢性乙型肝炎29例,并同时与单独采用拉米夫定治疗的31例作对照,观察两组ALT、AST复常率,HBV DNA的变化及HBV标志物的变化.结果 治疗12个月后,治疗组ALT复常率为89.66%,AST复常率仅为82.76%,HBV DNA下降≥2log10值的变化率为93.10%,HBeAg转阴率为55.17%,HBeAg/抗-HBe血清转换率为31.03%.对照组ALT复常率为70.97%,AST复常率为64.52%,HBVDNA下降≥2log10值的变化率为80.65%,HBeAg转阴率为12.58%,HBeAg/抗.HBe血清转换率为6.45%.两组ALT、AST复常率的比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 拉米夫定联合叶下珠治疗慢性乙型肝炎在ALT、AST的复常率、HBV DNA的下降值、HBeAg转阴率及HBeAg/抗-HBe血清转换率方面优于单用拉米夫定.     

有性才会有健康

性是基本的人权。根据我国著名的性学家史成礼教授的研究,性有“三大功能”:生育功能、享乐功能和健康功能。     

Communicating with people with dementia

It can be very difficult to communicate with people with dementia. Each case requires its own unique handling. Not every scenario is covered, as many times your own judgment is what will work, best according to the circumstances. These can change from dawn to evening and from day to day. Never assume things will be the way they were the last time you communicated. Be on your guard. Be adaptable. The article will help get you started to think of your own ways to communicate.     

Coping with Children with ADHD: Coping Styles of Mothers with Children with ADHD or Challenging Behaviours

Parents of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can experience significant levels of stress in their parenting roles, however, little is known about the specific coping strategies used by these parents. This pilot study Investigated the coping strategies used by mothers of children with ADHD. A 34 item questionnaire was developed to identify maternal coping strategies. A cohort of 38 mothers of children with ADHD and a control group of 30 mothers of children without ADHD or any other disability/illness completed the questionnaire. Factor analysis of responses produced three factors: Aggressive/Confrontive Coping, Rational Coping, and Indirect Coping. These factors are similar to coping dimensions proposed by Folkman and Lazarus. Comparisons between the two groups of mothers revealed that mothers of children with ADHD used significantly more Indirect Coping.     

经方汗证治验

临床上汗证病情复杂,分自汗、盗汗、黄汗和但头汗出,治疗汗证方药诸多,有益气固表、养阴清热和清热除湿等方法,疗效不一。受恩师刘健主任教导和《伤寒论》《金匮要略》病脉证并治启发,以脉证并治、方证对应思想,浅谈桂枝加附子汤、黄芪芍药苦酒汤、柴胡桂枝干姜汤和三物黄芩汤治疗汗证的经验,为经方治疗汗证提供新思路。     

Working with patients with physical disabilities

Medical practices need to make a number of adaptations to ensure that their facilities and staff are accessible to patients and other office visitors with physical disabilities. This article describes 10 specific strategies for preparing your medical practice for patients with disabilities, both inside and outside your office. It describes minimum standards for office doorways, sidewalk inclines, ramps, reception areas, and other adaptations medical offices need to make. The article also describes specific do and don't advice for communicating with patients with physical disabilities. It suggests strategies for preparing written materials for disabled patients, for communicating verbally, and for providing healthcare education. Finally, it suggests an appropriate role for medical practice staff in the delivery of healthcare services to patients with physical disabilities.     

Problems with measuring satisfaction with social care

The measurement of customer satisfaction has become widespread in both healthcare and social care services, and is informative for performance monitoring and service development. Satisfaction with social care services is routinely measured with a single question on overall satisfaction with care, comprising part of the Adult Social Care Survey. The measurement of satisfaction has been problematised, and existing satisfaction measures are known to be under‐theorised. In this article, the process of making an evaluation of satisfaction with social care services is first informed by a literature review of the theoretical background, and second examined through qualitative interviews conducted in 2012–2013 with 82 service users and family carers in Hampshire, Portsmouth and Southampton. Participants in this study were from white British and South Asian backgrounds, and the influence of ethnicity in the process of satisfaction evaluation is discussed. The findings show that the majority of participants selected a positive satisfaction rating even though both positive and negative experiences with services were described in their narratives. It is recommended that surveys provide opportunity for service users and family carers to elaborate on their satisfaction ratings. This addition will provide more scope for services to review their strengths and weaknesses.     

Qualitative research with people with intellectual disability

Qualitative research methods are gaining popularity in disability research, in particular as a way to explore the personal experience of disability. However, using these methods can be problematic with people traditionally regarded as vulnerable in the research relationship. People with intellectual disability are often so regarded. This paper discusses ethical concerns and issues of research credibility in qualitative research with this group of disabled people. An ethnographic study about the parenting experience of parents with intellectual disability is used to illustrate strategies to achieve credibility in qualitative studies in intellectual disability research.