老年人接种流感疫苗的效果评价

目的评价老年人接种流感疫苗的效果。方法选取670名离退休教职工为接种组,675名未接种离退休人员为对照组,在接种流感疫苗后的第3个月采取问卷调查。分析两组流感样疾病的发生及治疗情况。结果接种疫苗后3个月,接种组和对照组流感样疾病的发病率分别为11.2%和23.7%,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。流感疫苗的保护率为52.7%。对照组和接种组患者服用1种药物的比率分别是66.7%和25.0%,服用2种及多种药物的比率为33.3%和75.0%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论接种流感疫苗对老年人具有一定的保护作用。     

243名军队离退休人员流感疫苗预防接种效果观察

目的调查军队离退休人员接种流感疫苗预防流感的效果。方法选取驻京某军队医院2005年10~12月接种过流感疫苗的243名军队离退休人员为接种组,同时按照年龄、性别、疾病匹配的情况选取未接种流感疫苗的220名地方人员为对照组。调查分析流感疫苗接种后1年内两组流感样疾病,心血管、呼吸、内分泌系统疾病发生情况。结果接种组流感样疾病发生率(22.2%)和就诊率(18.1%)均明显低于对照组〔(33.2%)和(31.8%)〕(P<0.05,P<0.01)。接种组心脑血管、呼吸、内分泌系统疾病发生率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义,就诊率(71.2%)明显低于对照组(93.6%,P<0.01)。接种组1年内流感样疾病保护率为33.1%,减少就诊率43.1%;心脑血管、呼吸、内分泌系统疾病减少就诊率23.9%。结论接种流感疫苗既减少了老年人流感样疾病的发生率,还降低了心脑血管、呼吸、内分泌等系统疾病的就诊率。     

社区老年人接种流感疫苗的效果评价

目的:对社区老年人接种流感疫苗后的效果进行评价.方法:将2015年10月-12月来中心接种流感疫苗≥60岁的100名老年人作为观察组,同时选取社区到中心就诊的性别、年龄、健康状况等与观察组各方面条件相似的未进行流感疫苗接种的100名老年人为对照组.在观察组老年人接种流感疫苗3个月后,对这两个组的老年人分别进行问卷调查,对他们流感样疾病的发生及就诊情况进行对比、统计分析.结果:对照组老年人流感样疾病的发生率、就诊率明显高于观察组老年人,两组老年人具有明显差异,具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:老年人接种流感疫苗后可以明显减少流感样疾病的发生率、就诊率,对预防流感样疾病起到很好的效果.     

干休所75岁以上老年人接种流感疫苗效果观察

目的评价居住在干休所中75岁以上老年人流感疫苗接种的预防效果。方法 2007年9～11月选取干休所接种流感疫苗的162例75岁以上老年人为接种组;同时按照年龄、性别、合并慢性疾病情况匹配,选取未接种流感疫苗的157例75岁以上老年人为对照组。调查分析流感疫苗接种后1年内两组老年人流感样疾病发病及就诊情况,以及慢性心脑血管疾病、慢性呼吸系统疾病、糖尿病等发病(复发)及就诊情况。结果接种组流感样疾病患病率22.22%,就诊率19.75%,均明显低于对照组患病率33.12%,就诊率31.21%,(P<0.05)。接种组心脑血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病、糖尿病(复发)患病率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义,就诊率62.96%明显低于对照组78.98%(P<0.01)。接种组接种疫苗后26例(16.05%)出现局部或全身反应,经对症处理后均恢复正常。结论接种流感疫苗可有效减少75岁以上老年人流感样疾病的发生,并能减少心脑血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病、糖尿病等疾病的就诊率。     

椒江区老年人接种流感疫苗的保护效果

目的评价台州市椒江区≥60岁老年人接种流感疫苗的保护效果,为推进老年人流感疫苗免费接种项目和提高流感疫苗接种率提供依据。方法在椒江区随机选取500名于2017年9—10月免费接种流感疫苗的≥60岁老年人为接种组,在相同社区选择性别、年龄和健康状况等因素1∶1匹配的从未接种过流感疫苗500名老年人为对照组,在疫苗接种(或基线调查)后12个月内随访调查流感样疾病(ILI)及并发症发生情况等,并评价流感疫苗的保护效果。结果496名接种组和479名对照组完成了全程随访调查。接种组老年人12个月内ILI发病率为8.06%,低于对照组的19.42%(P0.05),流感疫苗对ILI的保护率为58.46%。疫苗接种后3个月,接种组老年人因呼吸系统疾病门诊就诊率和住院率分别为5.44%和4.44%,均低于对照组的20.67%和8.35%(P0.05);两组接种后6个月和12个月的门诊就诊率和住院率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论老年人接种流感疫苗能有效预防ILI,降低因呼吸系统疾病的门诊就诊率和住院率。     

北京市丰台区老年人免费流感疫苗接种效果评价

目的 评价北京市丰台区老年人接种免费流感疫苗的效果。 方法 随机抽取丰台区2019年10—11月434名接种免费流感疫苗的60周岁以上的老年人作为接种组,选取2019年未接种流感疫苗的60周岁以上的434名老年人作为对照组。 采用统一设计的调查问卷,收集调查对象的基本情况、接种疫苗后一年内流感样病例、呼吸系统疾病和心脑血管疾病的发生及就诊情况。 结果 接种免费流感疫苗3个月内,接种组流感样病例的发病率(1.61%)低于对照组的发病率(5.07%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=8.027,P=0.005)。接种免费流感疫苗3个月内、4~6个月、7~12个月流感样病例的保护率分别为68.24%、16.67%、25.00%,流感样病例就医行为的保护率分别为40.00%、25.00%、50.00%;呼吸系统疾病的保护率分别为25.45%、-29.93%、-67.03%,呼吸系统疾病就医行为的保护率分别为19.97%、-8.70%、-57.14%;心脑血管系统疾病的保护率分别为40.00%、16.67%、-25.00%,心脑血管系统疾病就医行为的保护率分别为60.00%、75.00%、-25.00%。 结论 老年人接种流感疫苗可明显减少流感样病例的发生。     

北京市老年人群流行性感冒疫苗免疫效果及成本效益评价

目的评价老年人群接种流行性感冒(流感)疫苗的效果和效益。方法选取北京市朝阳区和宣武区590名接种过流感疫苗,且年龄>60岁的老年人群为接种组,在社区中随机选择与接种组年龄、性别、健康状况等相匹配的602名未接种流感疫苗者为对照组。采用流行病学试验方法,在基线调查的基础上,分别于流感疫苗接种(基线调查)后的第1、3和6个月对试验组和对照组进行随访调查。结果接种组流感样疾病的发病率和就诊率均低于对照组,接种后第1、3和6个月内流感疫苗对流感样疾病的保护率分别为52.38%、36.84%和37.89%;接种流感疫苗减少流感样疾病就诊率分别为45.16%、50.54%和50.54%。接种组患感冒、其他呼吸系统疾病和慢性病的发病率和就诊率低于对照组,接种流感疫苗对感冒、其他呼吸道疾病和其他慢性疾病的保护率分别为49.54%、64.54%和38.82%。老年人群接种流感疫苗后第3和6个月内所获得的效益成本比为4.97∶1和4.98∶1。结论老年人群接种流感疫苗能有效地预防流感样疾病的发生,降低流感相关慢性疾病的发病率和复发率,且能够获得较高的成本效益。     

某部新兵流感疫苗接种效果及效益分析

目的评价某部新兵接种流感疫苗的效果和效益,为部队制订流感疫苗接种策略提供依据。方法于2014年10月选取某部292名新兵接种流感疫苗,作为接种组,同时在该战区选择条件相近的1472名新兵作为对照组,于疫苗接种后70 d的新训期进行随访调查。结果流感疫苗接种组流感样发热疾病的发病率与对照组间差异有显著性意义,流感疫苗对流感样发热疾病的保护率为89.10%。新兵接种流感疫苗后70 d新训期的效益-成本比为5.44∶1。结论对刚到部队的新兵及时接种流感疫苗,可以有效减少流感样发热病例,以及因感染流感病毒造成的经济损失。     

甲型H1N1流感疫苗预防接种效果观察

目的探讨接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗的有效性和安全性。方法选择120例18～60岁在我院接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗人员为接种组,同时按照年龄、性别、疾病匹配的情况选取未接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗者110例为对照组。调查分析甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种后90d内两组甲型H1N1流感发病率和其他流感样疾病发生情况。同时观察接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后48h内不良反应发生情况。结果接种组甲型H1N1流感发病率和就诊率为0%,对照组甲型H1N1流感发病率和就诊率为7.3%,两组比较有显著统计学差异（P〈0.01）;接种组90d内甲型H1N1流感的保护率为100%,减少就诊率100%。接种组其他流感样疾病发生率（15.0%）和就诊率（8.3%）均明显低于对照组（22.7%和16.3%）,有统计学差异（P〈0.05）;接种组90d内其他流感样疾病的保护率为33.9%,减少就诊率49.4%;接种组共出现不良反应8例,总体不良反应率6.7%,给予适当的处理,症状很快消失。结论接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗是有效和安全的。     

东丽区65岁以上老人流感疫苗接种效果评估

目的评价东丽区65岁以上户籍老年人免费接种流感疫苗的效果。方法选取东丽区2 0 1 4年免费接种过流感疫苗的51 2人65岁以上老年人为接种组,同时选取与接种组性别、年龄、身体状况等相匹配未接种过流感疫苗的3 60名65岁以上老年人为对照组,在流感疫苗接种后半年开展问卷调查,分析两组流感样症状及并发症的发病情况。结果接种流感疫苗对流感样症状的保护率为83.4 7%;对感冒后合并心肺并发症的保护率为81.73%;对普通感冒样症状的保护率为2 8.4 6%;接种流感疫苗发生接种反应的发生率为4.4 9%,均为一般反应。结论老年人接种流感疫苗安全有效。     

某高校离退休人员流感疫苗预防接种效果分析

目的调查某高校离退休人员接种流感疫苗预防流感的效果。方法分析2002～2008年某高校离退休人员(60～85岁)自愿接种流感疫苗的资料。结果作为重点人群的离退休人员,流感疫苗是一种安全有效的疫苗,局部反应在11.6%左右,全身反应在1.0%左右,疫苗对免疫人群有较好的保护性,保护率为46.6%,减少就诊率26.4%。结论接种流感疫苗减少了离退休人员流感样疾病的发生率,对离退休人员具有一定的保护作用。     

The effect of ABO blood groups on the incidence of epidemic influenza and on the response to live attenuated and detergent split influenza virus vaccines.

The effect of blood group status on the incidence of epidemic influenza A (H3N2) infections and on serological response to influenza vaccination with killed subunit and live attenuated vaccines have been investigated during comparative vaccine trials in Western Australia. A significantly higher incidence of epidemic influenza was observed in subjects of blood group B compared with those of other blood groups, regardless of whether they had serological evidence of previous exposure to H3N2 antigens or not. Volunteers of different blood groups exhibited similar seroconversion frequencies to both vaccines after the administration of two doses, but a significantly higher proportion of blood group A subjects seroconverted after receiving their first dose of live attenuated vaccine compared with those of other blood groups. Although this finding was inconsistent with the increased incidence of epidemic influenza in subjects of blood group B, it is discussed in terms of the methods employed to obtain attenuation. Higher geometric mean HI antibody titres were observed in blood group O subjects after the administration of killed subunit vaccine. The results described in this report supported the contention that genetic factors linked to ABO blood groups may play a role in susceptibility to infection with influenza A virus, but that any association must be indirect.     

季节性流感疫苗接种效果观察

目的评价不同人群接种流感疫苗的效果。方法采取面访与自填式相结合的问卷调查方法,了解接种组和未接种组在2002-2003年度内流感样症状的发病情况,用Epi2002软件进行统计分析。结果共调查2238人,接种组1202人,未接种组1036人;接种组流感样症状发病率为2.91%,未接种组发病率为11.00%;全人群流感疫苗保护率为72.21%,其中18岁以下儿童组、18～60岁工龄组、60以上老年组的保护率分别为79.22%、55.89%、91.28%。结论应将老人和儿童作为流感疫苗重点推广的目标人群。     

Adverse Events of Interest Following Influenza Vaccination in the First Season of Adjuvanted Trivalent Immunization: Retrospective Cohort Study

BackgroundVaccination is the most effective form of prevention of seasonal influenza; the United Kingdom has a national influenza vaccination program to cover targeted population groups. Influenza vaccines are known to be associated with some common minor adverse events of interest (AEIs), but it is not known if the adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccine (aTIV), first offered in the 2018/2019 season, would be associated with more AEIs than other types of vaccines.ObjectiveWe aim to compare the incidence of AEIs associated with different types of seasonal influenza vaccines offered in the 2018/2019 season.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective cohort study using computerized medical record data from the Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre sentinel network database. We extracted data on vaccine exposure and consultations for European Medicines Agency–specified AEIs for the 2018/2019 influenza season. We used a self-controlled case series design; computed relative incidence (RI) of AEIs following vaccination; and compared the incidence of AEIs associated with aTIV, the quadrivalent influenza vaccine, and the live attenuated influenza vaccine. We also compared the incidence of AEIs for vaccinations that took place in a practice with those that took place elsewhere.ResultsA total of 1,024,160 individuals received a seasonal influenza vaccine, of which 165,723 individuals reported a total of 283,355 compatible symptoms in the 2018/2019 season. Most AEIs occurred within 7 days following vaccination, with a seasonal effect observed. Using aTIV as the reference group, the quadrivalent influenza vaccine was associated with a higher incidence of AEIs (RI 1.46, 95% CI 1.41-1.52), whereas the live attenuated influenza vaccine was associated with a lower incidence of AEIs (RI 0.79, 95% CI 0.73-0.83). No effect of vaccination setting on the incidence of AEIs was observed.ConclusionsRoutine sentinel network data offer an opportunity to make comparisons between safety profiles of different vaccines. Evidence that supports the safety of newer types of vaccines may be reassuring for patients and could help improve uptake in the future.     

Vaccination of high-risk patients for influenza. A comparison of telephone and mail reminder methods

During the 1984-1985 influenza season two study groups were used to compare telephone and letter reminder methods with a control group that received no reminder to determine which was the most effective strategy to increase influenza vaccination rates among the high-risk patient population of a university-based family practice. Seven hundred eighty-seven high-risk patients were randomly assigned to one of the three study groups: a mailed-reminder group, a telephone-reminder group, and a control group. Vaccination rates for both reminder methods were significantly higher than for the control group (P less than .02), and if successfully contacted, the telephone-reminder group had a significantly better vaccination rate than the mailed-reminder group (P less than .05). If successful telephone contact can be made, this reminder method is more effective than a letter reminder to increase influenza vaccination rates among high-risk patients.     

Determinants of influenza vaccination coverage rates among primary care patients in Krakow,Poland and the surrounding region

ObjectivePoland is significantly behind other European countries in terms of influenza vaccination coverage. In addition, the vaccination rate among health care personnel in Poland is also very low. The aim of this study was to determine the current barriers to achieving effective influenza vaccination coverage among primary health care (PHC) patients and physicians in Poland and to reveal any associations between the patients’ and physicians’ characteristics and the influenza vaccination coverage rate among patients.MethodA cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was distributed among 18 PHC physicians and 533 their patients in Krakow, Poland and the surrounding region. The data from patients were associated with the doctors’ characteristics.ResultsThe reasons for not receiving the influenza vaccine differed between patients and their physicians. Among the patient population, the main reason behind vaccination non-compliance was the self-perception of good health, while forgetting about the vaccination was the main reason among the physicians.The factors that had the positive influence on the patients’ decision to receive the vaccination involved: older age, being a widower, being retired, having a chronic disease, being vaccinated against influenza in the past and awareness of influenza complications. Moreover, those patients who had received sufficient influenza vaccination education from their healthcare provider and had been the patients of physicians who had been vaccinated against influenza, had significantly higher vaccination rates.ConclusionImproved patients and doctors education strategies are needed to maximize influenza vaccination coverage rates. Information regarding the need and benefits of the influenza vaccine, along with details on where and when to receive vaccination will provide a positive influence on a patients’ decision-making process regarding vaccination compliance. Also, the free of charge influenza vaccinations for all primary health care workers should be considered.     

深圳市社区居民流感疫苗免疫效果分析

目的通过对社区居民流感疫苗接种免疫效果的分析,为评价流感疫苗接种效益提供依据。方法采用血清学流行病学方法 ,在深圳市龙岗区通过对研究对象进行流感疫苗免疫前、后流感抗体检测及是否接种后的流感样病例的发生情况。结果接种疫苗1个月后H1Nl、H3N2、B（Brisbane）3个血清型流感病毒HI抗体均有不同程度的增长,阳性率分别达到86.7%、84.0%和90.7%,几何平均滴度分别为1：53.13、1：51.10和1：78.91,3种亚型流感病毒株免疫成功率分别为73.3%、78.0%和85.3%。接种后1个月、3个月和6个月后接种组比对照组流感样疾病的发生明显较少（P〈0.05）,3个时段流感疫苗保护率分别为55.6%、51.8%、51.5%。结论流感疫茼免疫效果好,接种后能有效减少人群种流感样疾病的发生。     

2020—2021年度温州市鹿城区儿童流感疫苗应用现状及安全性和保护效果研究

目的 评价2020—2021年度温州市鹿城区儿童流感疫苗的接种现状、安全性以及保护效果。方法 以温州市人民医院2020年9—12月儿童保健科门诊接诊儿童为调查对象，对7 053例6月龄～14周岁受调查儿童流感疫苗接种情况进行统计，并选取500例接种儿童作为观察组，同期500例未接种儿童作为对照组，观察疫苗接种不良反应情况以及疫苗的保护效果。结果 7 053例受调查儿童中，疫苗接种率为7.60%(536例),其中完全接种者占54.10%(290/536)。接种流感疫苗的500例观察组儿童不良反应发生率为3.4%,以发热、接种部位疼痛和红肿为主。随访1年，观察组患病风险是对照组的0.43倍，疫苗保护效果达62.8%(95%CI:46.2%～74.2%)。6～35 m组部分接种、完全接种疫苗保护效果分别为22.2%(95%CI:0.0%～73.9%)、59.4%(95%CI:6.3%～82.4%);36～59 m组部分接种疫苗、完全接种疫苗保护效果分别为48.7%(95%CI:5.2%～72.2%)、79.2%(95%CI:29.9%～93.8%);5～14岁组部分接种、完全接种疫苗保护效果...     

2008年胶南市部分农村合作医疗人群接种季节性流感疫苗成本效益分析

[目的]评价胶南市参加农村合作医疗人群接种季节性流感疫苗(以下简称流感疫苗)的效果和效益。[方法]2008年10月按年龄段分组选取3个社区共375名流感疫苗接种者为接种组,随机选择年龄、性别、健康状况、经济收入及受教育程度等相匹配的未接种流感疫苗的人群作为对照组,采用流行病学试验研究方法,随访12个月进行调查分析。[结果]疫苗对流感样疾病(ILI)的平均保护率为56.62%,其中60岁以上年龄组为69.23%。[结论]疫苗具有良好的保护性,特别是老年人群效果明显。且流感疫苗接种于60岁以上老年人可产生较高的经济效益,人均每年流感样疾病医疗费用节约约92元,建议农村合作医疗若按照40%的比例报销农村老年人流感疫苗接种费用,将会收到较好的经济效益和社会效益。