应用岛状颊肌粘膜瓣修复腭裂初步报告

目的：介绍应用岛状颊肌粘膜瓣修复腭裂的临床实践。方法：应用裂缘葶粘骨膜瓣闭合硬腭裂隙的鼻腔侧、软腭后推、软腭鼻侧粘膜Z成形术延长、腭帆提肌吊带重建,再以蒂在后的血管神经蒂岛状颊肌粘膜瓣修复软腭后推后在腭部遗留的横行创面和硬腭裂隙的口腔侧创面。结果：1997年以来共治疗12例,术后岛状颊肌粘膜瓣完全成活,软腭延长显著,无腭瘘形成,无血肿、感染、肋腺导管和面神经损伤及开口功能障碍等并发症发生。结论：岛状颊肌粘膜瓣血运好,易成活;术后早期不需配戴牙垫,不影响恒磨牙的萌出,不干扰咬合,无埯断蒂,不破坏翼下颌皱襞形态和结构,供区易于缝合,感觉功能好。     

应用颊肌粘膜瓣转移延长软腭

目的：探讨颊肌粘膜瓣的解剖及应用其延长软腭,同时改善腭咽闭合不全。方法：在软硬腭交界处切开腭粘膜肌层,腭肌下分离,形成以舌腭弓为蒂的口腔侧腭粘膜肌瓣。由软腭正中纵形切开鼻腔侧粘膜,形成边长为1．0—1.5cm的对偶三角瓣,交叉缝合。口腔侧腭粘膜肌瓣后推位与鼻腔侧粘膜瓣缝合固定,软硬腭交界处形成一个横形创面,应用一侧颊肌粘膜瓣转移覆盖以延长软腭,供瓣区直接缝合。结果：本组16例患者,软腭平均延长1．0～1．5cm,腭咽闭合不全基本矫正。颊肌粘膜瓣无一例出现血运障碍。结论：应用鼻腔粘膜的“Z”字成形及口腔侧的腭粘膜肌瓣后推,颊肌粘膜瓣转移,能有效地延长短缩的软腭,明显改善腭咽闭合不全,使腭裂音质的改善有了解剖学基础。     

应用烦肌粘膜瓣转移延长软腭

目的:探讨颊肌粘膜瓣的解剖及应用其延长软腭,同时改善腭咽闭合不全.方法:在软硬腭交界处切开腭粘膜肌层,腭肌下分离,形成以舌腭弓为蒂的口腔侧腭粘膜肌瓣.由软腭正中纵形切开鼻腔侧粘膜,形成边长为1.0～1.5cm的对偶三角瓣,交叉缝合.口腔侧腭粘膜肌瓣后推位与鼻腔侧粘膜瓣缝合固定,软硬腭交界处形成一个横形创面,应用一侧颊肌粘膜瓣转移覆盖以延长软腭,供瓣区直接缝合.结果:本组16例患者,软腭平均延长1.0～1.5cm,腭咽闭合不全基本矫正.颊肌粘膜瓣无一例出现血运障碍.结论:应用鼻腔粘膜的"Z"字成形及口腔侧的腭粘膜肌瓣后推,颊肌粘膜瓣转移,能有效地延长短缩的软腭,明显改善腭咽闭合不全,使腭裂音质的改善有了解剖学基础.     

应用单侧岛状颊肌黏膜瓣和双反向双Z成形术修复宽大腭裂

目的应用单侧岛状颊肌黏膜瓣加双反向双Z成形术修复较宽大的腭裂,延长软腭,不做牙槽弓内侧松弛切口,腭部无骨性创面裸露和瘢痕形成,以减少或避免对上颌骨和牙槽弓生长发育的影响。方法应用改良的双反向双Z成形术延长软腭,裂缘蒂的口腔侧黏骨膜瓣翻转关闭鼻腔侧的裂隙,一侧岛状颊肌黏膜瓣修复腭部口腔侧创面,牙槽弓内侧不做松弛切口。结果应用该法共治疗36例,2例出现了腭瘘,其余伤口愈合良好,软腭延长显著,无组织瓣坏死、伤口感染、张口困难、面神经损伤等并发症发生。随访8例患者,均获得完善的腭咽闭合功能。结论一侧岛状颊肌黏膜瓣与双反向双Z成形术联合应用修复较宽大的腭裂,既延长了软腭,又避免了腭部骨性创面裸露、瘢痕形成而影响上颌骨和牙槽弓生长发育,是一项安全可靠的手术。     

应用颊肌黏膜瓣修复腭部缺损

目的 探讨应用颊肌黏膜瓣修复腭部缺损的方法 及效果.方法 修复腭裂时,设计蒂在后的颊肌黏膜瓣,通过翼下颌缝黏膜下隧道修复软硬腭口腔面缺损;腭部肿瘤切除后缺损时,则将该瓣直接转移修复;修补腭裂术后瘘孔时,以蒂在前的颊肌黏膜瓣,通过齿槽裂隙缺损直接覆盖修复.切取最大颊肌黏膜岛状瓣6.0 cm×3.5 cm(成人),供区松解直接闭合.结果 临床应用14例,除1例腭裂术后护理不当软腭有部分复裂,1例远端表皮轻度糜烂外,余12例组织瓣均完全成活.结论 该瓣能Ⅰ期修复腭部肿瘤切除后缺损,功能形态良好,且术后可尽早接受放射治疗,提高了远期疗效;同时对宽大腭裂或腭裂术后并发较大腭前瘘孔,也是一种新的修复术式,且为牙槽嵴裂修复预留软组织床.     

腭后推上提和颊肌黏膜瓣修复10岁以上患者过宽腭裂

目的 探索修复10岁以上患者过宽腭裂畸形的手术方法.方法 通过腭后推、上提、腭大孔凿开、腭骨水平板凿断、双侧软腭后推、宋儒耀软腭上提术,结合一侧带蒂颊肌黏膜瓣转移修复过宽腭裂畸形.结果 2002年以来,运用该方法治疗13例10～25岁的腭裂患者,术后颊肌黏膜瓣完全成活,双侧软腭与咽后壁上提的组织瓣愈合良好,软、硬腭同时得到延长,腭咽闭合不全获得充分矫正,语音有明显改善,无腭瘘发生.结论 该方法具有无张力关闭过宽裂隙,软腭延长效果显著、持久,腭咽闭合效果良好,语音改善较明显的优点,尤其适合修复10岁以上患者过宽腭裂畸形.     

后推、减张、缩咽综合手术修复腭裂

为修复腭裂畸形1992年1月以来,应用硬腭粘膜瓣后推,软腭鼻腔粘膜 Z 成形术,腭帆提肌吊带重建,颊肌粘膜瓣移转修复硬腭裂隙及腭部创面,选择性地施行去神经的(足母)短伸肌游离移植行腭咽环扎等综合手术,修复20例腭裂及腭裂术后腭咽闭合不全患者,效果满意。     

后推、减张、缩咽综合手术修复腭裂

为修复腭裂畸形１９９２年１月以来，应用硬腭粘膜瓣后推，软腭鼻腔粘膜Ｚ成形术，腭帆提肌吊带重建，颊肌粘膜瓣移转修复硬腭裂隙及腭部创面，选择性地施行去神经的　短伸肌游离移植行腭咽环扎等综合手术，修复２０例腭裂及腭裂术后腭咽闭合不全患者，效果满意。     

后推,减张,缩咽综合手术修复腭裂

对修复腭裂畸形１９９２年１月以来，应用硬腭粘膜瓣后推，软腭鼻腔粘膜Ｚ成形术，腭帆提肌吊带重建，颊肌粘膜瓣移转修复硬腭裂隙及腭部创面，选择性地施行１神经的拇短伸肌游离移植行腭咽环扎等综合手术，修复２０例腭裂及腭裂术后腭咽闭合不全患者，效果满意。     

双侧颊粘膜肌瓣腭裂修复术

目的探索腭裂修复减轻对上颌骨生长发育的影响，又能达到腭咽闭合。方法应用双侧颊粘膜肌瓣对腭裂进行修复手术。结果应用该手术方法修复１６例腭裂患者，效果满意。结论该方法有以下优点：①手术不剥离硬腭区粘骨膜，对上颌骨的损伤很小，减轻了上颌骨的发育障碍；②采用两块带蒂颊粘膜肌瓣重建了腭帆提肌功能，促使异位的提肌悬吊再形成；③血运良好的颊粘膜肌瓣插入于软硬腭交界处，能使软腭充分后退，实现腭咽闭合，而且可有效地防止瘘孔的发生     

The sandwich technique for closure of a palatal fistula

A full-thickness fistula of the hard palate can be closed by various methods. Recurrences are seen many times and more stable methods of closure have been researched. The authors attempted to close a palatal fistula by adhering to the main rule of reconstruction as stated by Gillies, "replace the lost tissues in kind." They used a buccinator musculomucosal transposition flap for the nasal lining, a cranial bone graft for the palatal bone, and a local mucoperiosteal transposition flap for the oral closure. The flaps and bone adapted well to the fistula. There were no recurrences during 12 months of follow-up. This "sandwich flap"--a three-layer closure--is a reliable technique for the repair of a full-thickness palatal fistula.     

应用岛状烦肌粘膜瓣修复部分舌缺损

目的:探索一种用相同或相似组织修复舌缺损的方法,介绍岛状颊肌粘膜瓣修复部分舌缺损的经验。方法:应用以面动静脉为蒂的岛状颊肌粘膜瓣修复16例舌癌切除后的部分舌缺损。结果:16例患者术后岛状颊肌粘膜瓣全部完全成活,效果满意。无血肿、感染、腮腺导管损伤、面神经损伤和开口功能障碍等并发症,舌的形态、功能良好。1例半舌切除后的患者术后肌电图显示,颊肌粘膜瓣内的肌肉获得神经再支配且运动良好。结论:面动静脉岛状颊肌粘膜瓣组织学上类似于舌组织,血运丰富,转移灵活,可以获得神经再支配,有重建舌的运动功能的潜能,是修复舌缺损的一个良好选择。     

The buccinator musculomucosal island flap for partial tongue reconstruction

BACKGROUND: Ideal tongue reconstruction after partial or total glossectomy should be accomplished with like tissue. The buccinator musculomucosal island flap is similar to lingual tissue, consisting of thin, pliable mucosa of mucus production, with high cell renewal rate and minimal scar formation, excellent color, contour, texture match, and buccinator muscle fibers over the flap's entire length, providing tongual muscle reconstruction without a conspicuous donor site. STUDY DESIGN: The buccinator musculomucosal island flap, based on the facial artery and vein, is designed in a shuttle or in a fish-mouth fashion, encompassing the oral commissure anteriorly. If the flap design is made in a three-leaf shape, a larger flap will be obtained without an oral corner deformity or mouth opening difficulty. The flap is safe and simple to raise. The pedicle of the flap is longer and quite reliable and has a wide range of applicability. The flap may be used for reconstruction of the partial glossectomy defect (tongual defect was not more than half a tongue). The surgeon must know about possible anatomic variations, especially in the venous system, and plan to raise a contralateral buccinator musculomucosal island flap if homolateral facial vascular variation jeopardizes the flap's survival. RESULTS: The flap was successfully used for partial tongue reconstruction in 16 patients, and all flaps have survived without complications. Satisfactory results (including configuration and function of the neotongue) were achieved. Electromyographic studies performed on one patient with half glossectomy revealed reinnervation of the muscle in the flap with active motion of the reconstructed tongue. CONCLUSION: The buccal musculomucosal island flap based on the facial artery and vein is a better reconstruction option with the same or similar kind of tissue as the tongue and, with the addition of the reinnervated flap, offers the potential for improved physiologic motion.     

双侧颊粘膜肌瓣腭裂修复术

探索腭裂修复减轻对上颌腭骨生长发育的影响，又能达到腭咽闭合。方法应用双侧粘膜肌瓣对腭裂进行修复术手术。结果，应用该手术方法修复１６腭裂患者，效果满意。     

Use of a buccal musculomucosal flap to close palatal fistulae after cleft palate repair

Forty-two patients aged 4 to 13 (mean 7 years) had palatal fistulae closed with a buccal musculomucosal flap. The pedicle was divided approximately 2 weeks after the initial operation. Complete closure at the first attempt was obtained in 69% of the cases though, when the fistulae were large and extended to the anterior hard palate, the results were not as good (36%). Almost no detrimental after-effects occurred at the donor site. The buccal musculomucosal flap was found to be a useful alternative to a tongue flap.