胃癌腹腔镜手术与开腹手术近期疗效及机体应激性反应比较

[目的]比较胃癌腹腔镜手术与开腹手术近期临床疗效及机体应激反应.[方法]128例行胃癌D2根治术治疗的患者依据手术方式不同,分为腹腔镜组(A组,n=68)和开腹组(B组,n=60),比较两组近期疗效和术前、术后d1、d5机体应激性反应.[结果]A组淋巴结扫清数目(21.36±7.69)枚、近切端距肿瘤距离(4.86±0.94)cm、远切端距肿瘤距离(4.32±0.76)cm,B组分别为(22.36±9.26)枚、(5.08±1.02)cm和(4.51±0.84)cm,两组相比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05);两组血清IL-6、CRP含量术后d1升高(P＜0.05)、术后d5降低(P＜0.05),IL-J0术后d1降低(P＜0.05)、术后d5升高(P＜0.05),且A组术后各指标变化幅度明显小于B组(P＜0.05).[结论]胃癌腹腔镜手术和开腹手术均具有较好治疗效果,但腹腔镜手术更具微创特点,患者术后恢复快,对患者机体应激性反应影响小.     

Minimizing the threat of C. difficile

Learn the signs and symptoms of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD), outline infection control measures to help stop its spread and review treatment regimens.     

Minimizing the risk of AIDS in the workplace

1. Under a new directive, employers have been advised that they have a legal responsibility of protecting workers who may come in contact with blood or body fluids contaminated with AIDS. 2. Formal policies and procedures ensure that high-risk tasks are properly identified, standard operating procedures are developed, and employees are trained and protected. 3. Employees must be instructed in the safe collection and disposal of body fluids and contaminated equipment. 4. Routine infection control procedures dictate that all employees be treated as if their body fluids were contaminated (universal precautions).     

Minimizing the complications associated with migrating catheters

This article seeks to explore the clinical practice of urinary catheter fixation. Traditionally, this area of practice has been neglected and nurses are familiar with tension lesions and dermal problems associated with inappropriate or incorrect urinary catheter fixation. A novel solution to this problem is a catheter fixation device. This device secures the catheter safely, making clinical practice safer and the experience of catheterization more tolerable for the patient. An example of a urinary catheter fixation device available in the UK is Bard's StatLock.     

Minimizing cardiovascular complications during the treatment of osteoarthritis

Individuals with osteoarthritis face an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease compared with age-matched control subjects. Both conditions share some common risk factors (eg, age, obesity, and hypertension) and the consequences or treatment of osteoarthritis may increase CV risk by impairing physical activity and exacerbating CV risk factors. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may have prothrombotic and/or hypertensive effects and a negative impact on renal function, all of which contribute to the increased risk of CV disease associated with these agents. The magnitude of these effects differs between agents and is, in part, determined by the relative balance of cyclo-oxygenase-1 or cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibition. To minimize risk of CV disease in patients with osteoarthritis taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, physicians need to 1) monitor blood pressure and the new appearance or exacerbation of edema; 2) encourage lifestyle changes/nonpharmacologic treatments for pain/risk factor management; 3) choose the lowest effective dose of appropriate drug therapy to achieve adequate pain relief while minimizing CV risk; 4) change nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as needed to one with lower propensity to aggravate CV risk; and 5) modulate antihypertensive therapy and diuretic management as needed to maintain target blood pressure and weight.     

Stroke rehabilitation. Minimizing the functional deficits

Stroke rehabilitation has evolved into a complex multidisciplinary team approach that aims to return the patient with significant neurologic and functional deficits to as independent and productive a lifestyle as possible. Stroke patients should be evaluated from a rehabilitation standpoint; disabilities should be assessed in terms of their impact on function at home and in the community, both in the vocational and in the avocational sphere, and specific rehabilitation needs should be identified. Rehabilitation is expensive; however, the cost of institutionalized care in a nursing home for a long time is much greater. With effective rehabilitation programs and positive support from families and friends, about 80% of stroke patients can be successfully returned to their home environment.     

ICU心脏外科术后成人患者压力性损伤影响因素分析

目的 探讨ICU心脏外科术后成人患者压力性损伤影响因素。方法 回顾性分析2017年1—12月新疆医科大学第一附属医院ICU收治的心脏外科术后成人患者322例,描述患者临床资料及压力性损伤情况,同时采用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析方法确定ICU心脏外科术后患者压力性损伤的影响因素。结果 多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、术中输血量是ICU心脏外科术后患者发生压力性损伤的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。性别、体外循环时间、术中最低体温是ICU心脏外科术后患者发生压力性损伤的保护因素（P<0.05）。结论 ICU心脏外科术后成人患者压力性损伤发生率较高,年龄、性别、术中输血量、体外循环时间、术中最低体温是其影响因素。临床护理时应对患者进行全面评估,对患者术中输血量、体外循环时间、术中体温做到严格把控,同时给予患者围术期预见性干预措施,以降低ICU心脏外科术后患者压力性损伤发生率,提升护理服务质量。     

护理干预对甲状腺肿瘤手术患者应激反应的影响

目的探讨护理干预对甲状腺肿瘤手术患者应激反应的影响。方法将132例甲状腺肿瘤手术患者随机分为试验组和对照组,每组66例。对照组采用常规护理;试验组在常规护理基础上采用术前、术中和术后护理干预。观察2组患者干预前后焦虑抑郁情况﹑术中疼痛情况、术中手术体位耐受情况及术后头痛、呕吐发生率。结果经过护理干预后试验组患者焦虑抑郁评分较干预前均有明显的降低（P〈0.01）,对照组无明显变化（P〉0.05）。术中总疼痛率试验组为7.6%,对照组为65.1%,2组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。试验组术中体位耐受差比例及术后头痛、呕吐发生率与对照组比较均明显降低,2组相比差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论护理干预可缓解甲状腺肿瘤手术患者焦虑抑郁情绪,减轻术中疼痛,预防或减轻患者术后头晕、头痛、呕吐、腰背痛等不适,提高患者术后舒适度,使患者更好地适应和配合手术,利于术后康复,是一项切实可行的护理模式。     

Minimizing charges associated with the determination of brain death

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of altering the use of the protocol for brain death determination in traumatically injured patients, on time to brain death determination, medical complication rates, organ procurement rates and charges for care rendered during brain death determination. A retrospective chart review of trauma patients with lethal brain injuries at an urban tertiary care trauma center was performed. Two groups of trauma patients with lethal head injuries were compared. Group I consisted of patients pronounced brain dead using a protocol requiring two brain examinations, and group II contained patients evaluated using a protocol requiring one brain examination in conjunction with a nuclear medicine brain flow scan. RESULTS: Group II had a significantly (P < 0.01) shorter mean brain death stay (3.5 +/- 1.8 h) than group I (12.0 +/- 1.0 h). Patients in groups I and II developed a similar number of medical complications, 3.2 +/- 0.2 and 4.0 +/- 1.3, respectively. The number of organs procured per patient did not differ significantly (4.1 +/- 0.2 for group I and 4.4 +/- 1.4 for group II). There was a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in the brain death stay charges for group II ($6125 +/- 1100) compared to group I ($16,645 +/- 1223). CONCLUSIONS: Medical complications are universal in the traumatized patient awaiting the determination of brain death. These complications necessitate aggressive and costly care in the intensive care unit in order to optimize organ function in preparation for possible transplantation. In our institution, the determination of brain death using a single clinical examination and a nuclear medicine flow study significantly shortened the brain death stay and reduced associated charges accrued during this period. The complication and organ procurement rates were not affected in this small, preliminary report sample.