挫伤性前房积血58例临床分析

目的 探讨挫伤性前房积血的临床疗效.方法 对58例64眼挫伤性前房积血患者的临床疗效进行观察分析.结果 Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级前房积血均保守治疗治愈,Ⅲ级前房积血则需酌情行前房穿刺或者手术治疗干预.结论 挫伤性前房积血经治疗后视力均有较明显提高.     

眼球钝挫伤致前房出血128例临床分析

目的 探讨分析挫伤性前房积血的治疗方法和效果.方法 对笔者所在医院2006年10月～2009年10月收治的128例（128眼）挫伤性前房积血患者进行治疗,方法是半卧位,双眼包扎,休息制动,应用止血剂、皮质类固醇激素、甘露醇、神经营养剂,并及时处理并发症,5 d内治疗无效者行前房穿刺冲洗.观察积血吸收时间、视力和并发症.结果 128眼挫伤性前房积血者积血吸收时间：少量积血46眼,1～3 d;中量积血63眼,4～10 d;大量积血19眼,6～15 d.积血吸收后视力：0.1以下者6例,0.1～0.3者8例,0.4～0.9者60例,1.0以上者54例.结论 挫伤性前房积血的视力恢复程度与损伤程度、出血量的多少有关.并发症少、治疗及时者视力恢复较好.药物治疗和前房冲洗是治疗的有效方法.     

眼球外伤性前房积血86例临床分析

目的分析眼挫伤前房积血治疗方法和治疗效果。方法对笔者所在医院2000年1月至2008年11月所收治的86例眼挫伤前房积血进行分析，治疗方法是双眼包扎，左右侧交替半卧位休息，应用止血剂，根据病情给予甘露醇、皮质类固醇及手术治疗。结果前房积血吸收时间：Ⅰ级1～5d，Ⅱ级4～9d，Ⅲ级7～15d。前房积血吸收后视力：0．1以下5例，0．1～0．3者12例，0．4～0．9者26例，1．0以上43例。结论挫伤前房积血的视力恢复程度与积血量、挫伤程度有关，早期、积极、恰当治疗，视力恢复较好，可减少并发症发生。     

挫伤性前房积血77例临床分析

目的:分析挫伤性前房积血的治疗及并发症的预防.方法:对77例挫伤性前房积血病例的治疗进行分析.结果:Ⅰ级积血1～5天吸收,Ⅱ级积血4～10天吸收,Ⅲ级积血8～15天吸收.积血吸收后视力0.05以下5例,0.06～0.1 16例,0.2～0.5 24例,0.6～0.8 20例,大于1.0 12例.结论:挫伤性前房积血的愈后与挫伤时眼前后节损伤程度、积血量多少有关.早期应用止血剂,适量使用皮质类固醇,适时行前房穿刺冲洗术可预防治疗严重并发症,利于视力恢复.     

56例挫伤性前房积血的治疗与分析

目的分析挫伤性前房积血的治疗与愈后。方法对收治的56例前房积血患者按性别、眼别、年龄、致伤物及致伤原因进行分类，在有针对性治疗后，对其愈后进行对比分析。结果挫伤性前房积血愈后较差，致盲率较高。结论挫伤性前房积血在治疗上没有严格统一的标准，应视伤者情况确定治疗方案。     

外伤性前房出血的治疗

目的探讨外伤性前房出血的治疗方案。方法回顾性分析笔者所在科室外伤性前房出血住院患者48例的治疗方案。结果48例外伤性前房出血患者全部治愈出院。Ⅲ级及Ⅲ级以下前房积血41例经保守治疗,Ⅰ-Ⅱ级积血平均治愈时间为3d,无1例发生并发症,Ⅲ级积血平均治愈时间为5d,出现继发性出血1例,继发性青光眼5例;Ⅳ级前房积血8例经手术治疗,平均治愈时间为2d,术后出现继发性出血1例。结论Ⅰ-Ⅱ级前房出血保守治疗效果良好,Ⅳ级前房出血及时手术治疗是挽救视功能的重要途径,Ⅲ级前房出血保守治疗时间长,易出现并发症,应及时采取手术疗法。     

眼球挫伤性前房积血62例临床分析

目的:探讨塑料子弹致眼球挫伤性前房积血的治疗方法和临床疗效.方法:分析62例塑料子弹致眼球挫伤性前房积血患者采用保守治疗和手术治疗及其效果.结果:42例患者通过保守治疗,前房积血2～12天吸收.10例手术治疗眼压恢复正常,前房积血吸收,2例发生角膜血染.结论:对塑料子弹致眼球挫伤性前房积血要及早治疗及治疗并发症,对眼压高前房积血无改善应行手术治疗、以免发生角膜血染.     

中西医结合治疗儿童挫伤性前房积血78例临床观察

前房积血在儿童眼挫伤中极为常见,虽然挫伤性前房积血大部分病例视力恢复较好,无并发症发生,但少数病例仍因复发性出血或积血吸收不良表现为继发性青光眼,角膜血染,甚至视力丧失。儿童挫伤性前房积血治疗的关键是使前房积血停止后再促进积血吸收,并预防和控制继发性青光眼     

挫伤性前房积血221例临床分析

挫伤性前房积血是眼挫伤中最常见的体征。因为前房积血的遮挡，直接影响到我们对眼后部组织的检查，不能在第一时间内做出对其他部位组织损伤后的诊断及治疗，对患者最佳视力的恢复带来不利。因此，前房积血发生后的止血、积血吸收等治疗，仍为眼挫伤中一个需要解决的首要问题。我院自1998-2004年共治疗挫伤性前房积血221例，经治疗取得满意效果。现回顾分析如下。     

前房注吸术治疗前房积血继发青光眼10例分析

本科自1997年～1999年对10例前房积血继发青光眼病例行前房注吸术治疗取得满意疗效,现报告如下。 1 临床资料 1.1 一般资料男9例,女1例。右眼6例,左眼4例。最大年龄39岁,最小年龄11岁、平均眼压为4.58KPa(3.24KPa～5.33KPa)。致伤原因:碰撞伤3眼,拳击伤3眼,球类击伤2眼,胶带弹伤1眼,塑料子弹击伤1眼。按Sksala前房积血量分类:Ⅰ级前房积血伴大凝血块2例,Ⅱ级前房积血6例,Ⅲ级前房积血1例。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.