铁复合剂对武术运动员运动性贫血的干预效果

目的武术运动主要是以氧供能为主的体育运动,要求运动员有较高的有氧能力。方法本研究纳入武术运动员中为研究对象,完全随机分配为试验组和对照组,试验组为运动性贫血运动员,对照组为正常运动员。在运动员正常训练期间给予试验组运动员铁复合制剂治疗,并服用12周,对照组服用安慰剂治疗。观察实验前和试验后运动员相关红细胞数,血红蛋白浓度和红细胞压积,血清铁、血清铁蛋白以及铁转蛋白,以及铁复合剂对相关指标的影响。结果研究结果表明女性运动性贫血明显多于男性运动性贫血,实验前贫血组红细胞相关指标、血清铁、血清铁蛋白浓度均低于正常对照组,服用铁复合剂后运动员的红细胞相关指标,血清铁,血清铁蛋白浓度与实验前相比显著性提高并达到正常值,而血清转铁蛋白显著性的降低。结论铁复合剂能有效的改善武术运动员体内铁紊乱,提高血红蛋白水平和机体铁的贮备量,最终改善武术运动员中的运动性贫血。     

营养干预对运动性贫血干预

[目的]探讨营养干预对运动性贫血的干预效果。[方法]纳入某高校体育专业学生共60名,根据运动员的性别和WHO判定运动性贫血的标准分为4组,为女性贫血组(n=12)和对照组(n=26)、男性贫血组(n=5)和对照组(n=17)。在实验室对血液中铁代谢及相关指标进行检测。[结果]干预后,血清铁与干预前相比显著性的提高,女性贫血组提到了0.8,男性贫血组提高到了0.9(P﹤0.05),并与正常人的水平相接近。血清铁蛋白干预后,女性贫血组提高到了42.4,男性贫血症提高到了45.8,与正常的血清铁蛋白水平相接近。女性贫血组的血清转铁蛋白降低到了261.7,男性贫血组的水平降低到了275.2,与正常的血清转铁蛋白想接近。[结论]提高血红蛋白水平和机体铁的贮备量降低运动员的运动性贫血,提高他们的运动能力。     

某种阿胶铁冲剂改善中老年人群缺铁性贫血的实验研究

目的评价某种阿胶铁冲剂对中老年缺铁性贫血人群的贫血改善效果。方法选择120名患有缺铁性贫血的中老年志愿者,按其体内血红蛋白水平分层随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组每日服用阿胶铁冲剂,对照组服安慰剂,服食期为60天。在服食期开始前、结束后检测志愿者血红蛋白、血清铁蛋白、红细胞内游离原卟啉含量,血清运铁蛋白饱和度,以及肝肾功能等各项指标,并观察、记录各志愿者贫血相关症状的变化情况。结果服用阿胶铁冲剂60天后,试验组人群的各项贫血相关症状均有改善,同时其血红蛋白、血清铁蛋白及血清运铁蛋白饱和度显著上升,红细胞内游离原卟啉含量显著降低,各项指标与服用前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.01),与对照组比较差异亦有统计学意义(P0.01);两组人群的肝肾功能及其他安全性指标均未见异常。结论阿胶铁冲剂对中老年人缺铁性贫血有显著改善作用,且对健康无损害。     

复方氯化血红素纠正贫血的疗效观察

[目的 ]　观察复方氯化血红素对纠正缺铁性贫血的疗效。　 [方法 ]　随机选取两组各 3 0例贫血者 ,试验组每天服用复方氯化血红素 2片 ,共 3 0d ,对照组服用安慰剂 ,测定服用前后两组血红蛋白、红细胞内原卟啉浓度、血清铁蛋白、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度 ,并进行统计学分析。　 [结果 ]　试验组试验末血红蛋白量较试验前平均上升 2 1.8g/L ,红细胞内原卟啉浓度较试验前下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,血清铁蛋白含量升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。　 [结论 ]　复方氯化血红素治疗缺铁性贫血是安全、有效的。     

右旋糖酐铁与硫酸亚铁治疗缺铁性贫血患儿的效果

目的比较右旋糖酐铁与硫酸亚铁治疗缺铁性贫血患儿的临床效果。方法选取2018年1月至2020年1月医院收治的88例缺铁性贫血患儿作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组与试验组,各44例。两组均予以饮食指导并口服维生素C,在此基础上,对照组服用硫酸亚铁治疗,试验组服用右旋糖酐铁治疗,比较两组血常规指标、铁代谢指标及不良反应发生情况。结果治疗后,试验组血红蛋白(Hb)水平、平均血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、血清铁(SI)及血清铁蛋白(SF)水平均高于对照组,血清转铁蛋白(TF)水平及不良反应发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论右旋糖酐铁治疗可提高缺铁性贫血患儿的血常规指标水平,调节机体铁代谢,加快贫血症状缓解,安全可靠。     

抗贫血胶囊纠正儿童缺铁性贫血的病例对照研究

目的 观察抗贫血胶囊纠正儿童缺铁性贫血的作用,为开展儿童贫血防治工作提供参考依据.方法 选取缺铁性贫血儿童100名,按整群抽样的方法,将其分为2组,每组各50名儿童,男、女各半.试验组儿童每日给予抗贫血胶囊,对照组儿童予以安慰剂;分别于食用前、35 d后测定血红蛋白、红细胞计数、红细胞压积、红细胞游离原卟啉、血清铁、血清铁蛋白、血清IgG水平,并进行膳食调查,观察各项指标的变化情况.结果 补充抗贫血胶囊儿童的血红蛋白质量浓度、红细胞计数、红细胞压积、血清铁蛋白和IgG水平均明显高于安慰剂组,而红细胞游离原卟啉水平明显下降,但血清铁水平未出现明显差异.实验期间2组儿童的能量、蛋白质、铁、维生素C、维生素B2摄取量差异均无统计学意义.结论 抗贫血胶囊具有一定的纠正缺铁性贫血的作用.     

乙二胺四乙酸铁钠强化酱油对学生贫血状况的改善

将 30 0名缺铁性贫血学生分为对照组 (未强化铁的酱油 )、低Fe剂量组 (5mg d)、高Fe剂量组(2 0mg d) ,观察乙二胺四乙酸铁钠 (NaFeEDTA)强化酱油对缺铁性贫血的干预效果。试验为期三个月 ,开始和结束时分别测定血红蛋白、血清铁、血清铁蛋白、原卟啉、总铁结合力、转铁蛋白 ,并每月测定血红蛋白一次。结果表明 ,对照组各项检验指标干预前后差异无显著性。低剂量组和高剂量组呈现出较为一致的变化 ,表现为血红蛋白、血清铁、血清铁蛋白、转铁蛋白含量的显著性增加和原卟啉、总铁结合力的显著性下降。低剂量组和高剂量组在干预前后未见明显差异。试验结果提示 ,采用乙二胺四乙酸铁钠强化酱油进行营养干预对缺铁性贫血学生的铁营养状况有改善。     

MJ血红蛋白片改善营养性贫血功能的人体试食试验效果分析

[目的 ]研究MJ血红蛋白片改善营养性贫血的作用。 [方法 ] 2 0 0 2年在阳谷县肉食品加工厂 ,选择血红蛋白(Hb) <12 0g /L的 18～ 46岁女工 ,5 3人为试食组 ,服用MJ血红蛋白片 ;5 0人为对照组 ,服用安慰剂片。均为 2次 /d ,1片 (5 10mg) /次 ,连续 3 0d。试验开始前和试验结束时对受试者进行膳食营养调查 ,采血测定Hb含量、红细胞游离原卟啉含量、血清铁含量和血清总铁结合力 ,计算血清运铁蛋白饱和度。 [结果 ]试食组Hb含量、血清运铁蛋白饱和度均显著升高 ,红细胞游离原卟啉含量显著降低 ,3项指标试食前后的差值均高于对照组。 [结论 ]MJ血红蛋白片具有改善营养性贫血的功能。     

补充NaFe—EDTA对学龄儿童青少年贫血及血浆铁蛋白水平的影响研究

目的 :了解补充NaFe -EDTA对学龄儿童青少年贫血及血浆铁蛋白水平的影响。方法 :随机抽取毕节9个村的人群 ,分为干预组 (服用含NaFe -EDTA的铁强化酱油 )和对照组 (服用普通对照酱油 ) ,共调查 7～19岁学龄儿童青少年 170 6人 ,干预组 879人 ,对照组 82 7人。干预实验前、半年后及 1年后分别静脉取血测定血红蛋白和血浆铁蛋白 ,比较两组人群贫血发生率及铁营养水平。结果 :干预组服用NaFe -EDTA强化酱油后 ,血红蛋白及血浆铁蛋白水平明显高于对照组 ,贫血发生率明显低于对照组 .结论 :以酱油为载体补充NaFe -EDTA能有效提高儿童青少年的血红蛋白水平     

铁强化酱油对柳州市儿童少年贫血干预效果评价

[目的]评价铁强化酱油对儿童少年贫血改善效果。[方法]按随机对照双盲法在幼儿园、小学、中学6 000名中选择3～18岁儿童少年,分干预组1 263例和对照组1 236例分别食用铁强化酱油和对照普通酱油,追踪观测6个月后,检测血红蛋白变化水平和贫血患病率。[结果]服用铁强化酱油6个月后,干预组男、女儿童少年的血红蛋白浓度升高明显,与食用前及对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.05～0.001）;干预组男、女儿童少年的贫血患病率明显降低,平均降低68.75%,与食用前相比差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.001）,贫血儿童中改善率达到86.17%;铁强化酱油知晓率90.36%,可接受程度87.95%。[结论]铁强化酱油可明显改善和降低儿童少年贫血患病率,是一种有效预防控制儿童少年贫血的营养干预措施。     

体操训练中的运动损伤调查及预防研究

[目的]研究运动员中急性运动损伤发生情况,并研究其影响因素。[方法]采用自制调查表调查200名运动员中急性运动损伤发生情况。并用SPSS13.0分析急性运动损伤的原因。[结果]共发生急性运动损伤166例,运动损伤发生中男性多于女性,并且多发生于年龄小,运动年限低的运动员。运动损伤时间发生时间主要集中在1~3月和10~12月,在损伤类型中,受伤最多的是拉伤和扭伤,受伤项目最多的是单杠。[结论]在体操运动训练过程中,应该加强易伤部位肌肉群力量和韧带柔韧性的训练,做好充分的热身运动,从而有效地预防急性运动损伤。     

A Perspective on Fat Intake in Athletes

Performance in endurance events is dependent upon the maximal aerobic power, the percentage of that power that can be sustained and the availability of substrates (carbohydrates [CHO] and fats). The purpose of this paper is to present a perspective of recent studies that demonstrate the role of fat intake and oxidation on endurance performance. Studies have shown that fatigue is associated with reduced muscle glycogen and that increasing muscle glycogen or blood glucose prolongs performance while increasing fat and decreasing CHO decreases performance. This has led to an emphasis on CHO intake in athletes in endurance sports, which quite often leads to low caloric intake. It is well known that trained subjects have higher levels of fat oxidative capacity, which spares glycogen during endurance sports. Data from recent studies in trained athletes, who were fed iso-caloric high-fat diets (42% to 55%) that maintained adequate CHO levels, have shown an increase in endurance in both men and women when compared to diets composed of low fat intake (10% to 15%). The magnitude of the effect on endurance was significant at high percentages of maximal aerobic power and increased as the percentage of maximal aerobic power decreased. Based on this review, a baseline diet comprising 20% protein, 30% CHO and 30% fat, with the remaining 20% of the calories distributed between CHO and fat based on the intensity and duration of the sport, is recommended for discussion and future research.     

A perspective on fat intake in athletes

Performance in endurance events is dependent upon the maximal aerobic power, the percentage of that power that can be sustained and the availability of substrates (carbohydrates [CHO] and fats). The purpose of this paper is to present a perspective of recent studies that demonstrate the role of fat intake and oxidation on endurance performance. Studies have shown that fatigue is associated with reduced muscle glycogen and that increasing muscle glycogen or blood glucose prolongs performance while increasing fat and decreasing CHO decreases performance. This has led to an emphasis on CHO intake in athletes in endurance sports, which quite often leads to low caloric intake. It is well known that trained subjects have higher levels of fat oxidative capacity, which spares glycogen during endurance sports. Data from recent studies in trained athletes, who were fed iso-caloric high-fat diets (42% to 55%) that maintained adequate CHO levels, have shown an increase in endurance in both men and women when compared to diets composed of low fat intake (10% to 15%). The magnitude of the effect on endurance was significant at high percentages of maximal aerobic power and increased as the percentage of maximal aerobic power decreased. Based on this review, a baseline diet comprising 20% protein, 30% CHO and 30% fat, with the remaining 20% of the calories distributed between CHO and fat based on the intensity and duration of the sport, is recommended for discussion and future research.     

山东省3所高校教学田径运动中肌肉损伤机理及预防对策研究

[目的]通过对高校教学田径运动中肌肉损伤原因及损伤机理进行探讨,提出相应的预防对策,对指导大学生田径训练有一定意义。[方法]对高校教学田径运动中的肌肉损伤情况进行调查,并对相关情况进行统计分析。[结果]136名学生共发生324次肌肉损伤,损伤发生率为i00．00％,人均2．38次。肌肉损伤的原因主要包括运动量过大、准备活动不正确及心理状态不良等。[结论]肌肉损伤在高校教学田径运动中很常见,一定要强化肌肉损伤的预防意识,明确防重于治。     

PROFORCE--a new, high-biologic-value protein product for athletes.

The protein product PROFORCE has been developed from a base of egg, milk and cereal using linear optimization. Its balanced composition has been specially designed to meet the physiological needs of athletes practicing endurance-demanding sports. A medicobiologic evaluation using a routine technique was performed using three concentration levels of protein feeding. This enhanced the range of the investigated parameters. The following results were obtained: Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) = 2.64 +/- 0.22 (p < 0.001); Net Protein Ratio (NPR) = 3.27 +/- 0.22 (p < 0.001). Comparison with the control group shows that the protein product is of high quality. Albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides and total protein were determined for the three protein-feeding concentrations. The most favorable influence on the protein parameters and cholesterol levels were observed when feeding experimental rats on the nine-percent protein concentration. Amino acid content of the product was compared to a number of proteins of proven high quality. The comparison suggests that the product is suitable for athletes practicing endurance-demanding sports. The conclusion is that PROFORCE has a wide range of applications which would include use by athletes practicing aerobic sports.     

Risk Factors for Eating Disorders among Male Adolescent Athletes

Objective

Eating disorders (ED) are an important and increasing problem in adolescents. The objective of this study was to examine the risk factors and the prevalence of risk for ED among male adolescent elite athletes and nonathletic controls. Differences between male athletes competing in aerobic, anaerobic and aerobic-anaerobic sports were examined as well.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey and anthropometric measurements were conducted on 351 adolescents (athletes n = 228; controls n = 123). All participants were aged 15–17 at the time of measuring. Risk for ED was determined using a SCOFF questionnaire.

Results

The overall prevalence of the risk for ED in male adolescents was 24.8%, with no significant differences among athletes and controls or different subgroups of athletes (p>0.05), although the highest prevalence (37.2%) was registered in aerobic subgroup of athletes. Higher number of attempts to lose weight was associated with increased risk of ED in each group (athletes and controls). Other predictors referred to lack of breakfast and body composition in aerobic subgroup of athletes and number of meals and training frequency in anaerobic subgroup. The most common reasons for dieting were improvement of sport results (19.6–44.2%) and better self-esteem (41.5%) in athletes and controls respectively.

Conclusions

Participation in the competitive sport itself is not associated with the increased risk for ED. It seems that risk factors for ED for adolescent athletes competing in aerobic and anaerobic sports represent a subject that deserves consideration and further investigation in the future.     

运动过程中踝关节损伤及治疗研究

[目的]对高校体育专业学生中足踝损伤的发生的原因进行调查,为运动员提高生命质量,并预防运动损伤提供参考。[方法]纳入本校2009～2010年级高校体育专业业余体操运动者120名学生,采用自制调查问卷,收集研究对象近1年来发生的踝关节运动损伤,并分析损伤的原因。[结果]在120名研究对象中,共有59名研究对象发生踝关节损伤,总共发生率49.1%。59名踝关节损伤病人中,内踝、外踝和后踝分别有17人、28人和14人发生踝关节损伤,发生率为28.8%、47.5%和23.7%。研究对象中损伤的主要原因有技术动作错误、局部负担过重和疲劳,分别占18.6%、25.4%和23.7%。[结论]在运动训练过程中,应该加强踝关节的保护,降低损伤发生,并且注意运动前的热身和降低疲劳,才能减轻踝关节损伤的发生。     

Differential in Maximal Aerobic Capacity by Sex in Collegiate Endurance Athletes Consuming a Marginally Low Carbohydrate Diet

Purpose: Although current sports nutrition recommendations advocate for a high carbohydrate (CHO) intake among endurance athletes, recent research has suggested that training with low CHO availability may augment adaptations to aerobic training. The purpose of this study was to observe the dietary habits of collegiate distance runners and to investigate the effects of habitual CHO intake on aerobic performance [VO_2max(post)] during a competitive season.Methods: During an 8-week trial period, 12 (N = 12) collegiate track athletes recorded their self-selected dietary intake via 24-hour recall. Analysis of CHO intake was conducted by a registered dietitian. Pre [VO_2max (pre)] and post [VO_2max (post)] season aerobic capacity assessments were performed using a one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with 2 covariates controlling for VO_2max (pre) and CHO intake compared to the variance in VO_2max (pre) and VO_2max (post) by sex.Results: The average CHO was 4.11 ± 1.03 g/kg body mass (BM), with only one female athlete meeting dietary recommendations, consuming ≥ 6 g/kg BM. Male distance runners on average had a lower CHO than females. After adjusting for VO_2max (pre) and CHO, there were statistically significant differences between VO_2max (post) group means by sex with a difference of 12.62 ml/kg/min (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.12–23.12, p = 0.02), with CHO accounting for 18% of the variance in VO_2max (post).Conclusion: Collegiate distance runners exhibited marked improvements in maximal aerobic capacity during the in-season while consuming a marginally low-CHO diet, with a predominant effect in males. Therefore, CHO intakes below current recommendations for endurance athletes might not be detrimental to aerobic training adaptations.     

有氧运动对衰老的大鼠脑组织抗氧化蛋白的影响

目的研究有氧运动对衰老的大鼠脑组织抗氧化能力的影响。方法建立衰老大鼠模型,随机分为对照组和3组运动组（A组、B组、C组）,A组给予0．5h的游泳训练,B组给予1h的游泳训练,C组给予2h的游泳训练,12周后取大脑组织,检测超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）、总抗氧化能力（T—AOC）以及丙二醛（MDA）的含量。结果建模6周后,造模组的SOD、GSH—Px、T—AOC水平分别为（38．52±7．63）U／ml、（2．14±0．52）U／ml、（3．13±0．94）10^3U／g,都低于空白对照组,与老龄化组相当,MDA高于空白对照组;经过12周的有氧运动,A、B和C组的SOD、GSH—Px、T-AOC水平均高于衰老对照组,MDA低于衰老对照组。结论有规律的有氧运动能提高衰老大脑的抗氧化能力,提高大脑组织中SOD和GSH—px活力,有效降低MDA的含量,延缓衰老。