2型糖尿病患者情绪、应对及心理控制源调查

目的调查2型糖尿病患者情绪、应对及心理控制源状况,为社区患者自我管理及心理干预提供依据。方法采用一般资料调查问卷、特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、多维度健康状况心理控制源量表(MHLC)对某辖区内患者进行问卷调查。结果 (1)焦虑、抑郁情绪发生率分别为38.8%、48.8%,不同性别、学历、收入及婚姻状况在SAS、SDS中差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);(2)患者消极应对评分高于健康人群、综合医院各类病人(P0.05),积极应对评分低于健康人群,高于综合医院各类病人(P0.05),不同学历、高血糖与否在应对问卷中差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);(3)内在性评分低于常模,有优势的他人、机遇评分高于常模(P0.05),不同性别在心理控制源问卷中差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 2型糖尿病患者焦虑、抑郁发生率高,多选择消极应对,倾向于依赖他人控制病情,女性、低学历、低收入、无配偶、有并发症、有高血糖患者表现明显。     

部队老年心肌梗死病人心理状况调查及心理干预

[目的]探讨军队离退休老年心肌梗死病人的心理状况及心理干预对其的影响。[方法]选择126例军队离退休老年心肌梗死病人,应用焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）及汉密顿抑郁量表（HAMA）评定患者情绪状况。[结果]军队离退休老年心肌梗死病人存在明显的焦虑抑郁情绪,与国内常模相比差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）;其焦虑抑郁症状多以轻度为主;在常规治疗的基础上辅以心理干预后精神症状明显改善（P﹤0.01）。[结论]研究证明,军队离退休老年心肌梗死病人存在明显的焦虑、抑郁症状;通过积极的治疗并辅以心理干预可以明显改善患者的情绪状态,对焦虑、抑郁的调节与控制具有积极的意义。     

临床医生社会支持与心理健康关系

目的 探讨社会支持、心理控制源对临床医生心理健康的影响.方法 采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)和内控性、有势力他人及机遇量表(IPC)对276名临床医生进行问卷调查.结果 临床医生的心理健康状况总体良好,优于全国青年常模;临床医生的心理健康各因子与心理控制源中的有势力他人因子呈正相关(P≤0.05);心理健康中的人际敏感因子、抑郁因子和精神病性因子与心理控制源和社会支持的各因子相关明显.回归分析表明,有势力他人与主观支持因子对临床医生心理健康具有明显预测作用.结论 临床医生的心理健康状况良好;心理控制源中的有势力他人因子和社会支持对其心理健康状况具有一定的预测作用.     

青年宫颈癌患者平静心境与心理控制源相关性研究

目的旨在探讨青年宫颈癌患者平静心境与心理控制源的相关性。方法使用便利抽样法选取2016年1月—2018年10月北京市8家医院收治的35岁以下行子宫切除术宫颈癌患者239例作为调查对象,调查其基本情况,平静心境量表调查其平静心境,多维度健康状况心理控制源量表修订版本C调查其心理控制源。结果青年宫颈癌患者平静心境得分为13.15±2.51。青年宫颈癌患者内控性得分为24.74±4.27,有势力的他人控制得分为22.41±3.85,机遇得分为21.66±3.64。Pearson相关性分析显示,青年宫颈癌患者平静心境与内控性均呈显著正相关(P0.05),平静心境与有势力的他人控制和机遇呈显著负相关(P0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,年龄、文化程度和平静心境均是内控性的显著影响因素(均P0.05);农村居住地、有无子女、是否结婚、平均收入、自费型医疗费支付和平静心境均是有势力的他人控制的显著影响因素(均P0.05);文化程度、子宫切除程度、行淋巴盆腔清扫、FIGO分期和平静心境均是机遇的显著影响因素(均P0.05)。结论青年宫颈癌患者平静心境与内控性心理控制源成正相关,而与有势力的他人控制心理控制源和机遇心理控制源成负相关。     

38例慢性乙肝患者的心理健康情况调查分析

[目的]了解慢性乙肝患者的心理健康状况.[方法]应用症状自评量表(Symptom Check List 90, SCL-90)对38名慢性乙肝患者根据实际情况独立测试,并与全国常模进行比较.[结果]慢性乙肝患者的躯体化、焦虑、恐怖和精神病性因子分值显著高于全国常模(P<0.01).[结论]慢性乙肝患者不仅有生理疾患,而且还有不同程度的心理情绪问题,故有针对性的心理治疗和护理将有助于康复.     

帕金森病患者家属心理状况及社会支持度研究

[目的]了解帕金森病患者家属的心理状态及社会支持度情况。[方法]采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)以及社会支持评定量表,对135名帕金森病患者家属进行研究,并与国内常模进行比较。[结果]帕金森病患者家属SCL-90躯体化、抑郁、焦虑和偏执等指标均显著高于国内常模,SDS、SAS得分亦明显高于国内常模,社会支持度低于国内常模(P﹤0.05)。[结论]帕金森病患者家属存在严重的心理问题,其社会支持度不高。应对家属提供心理帮助,提高其社会支持度,以提高他们的身心质量。     

职业再培训医务人员心理控制能力的初步研究

目的 探讨职业再培训医务人员在内控性、有势力他人和机遇三方面心理控制能力的状况及其影响因素.方法 采用横断面研究,使用内控性、有势力他人及机遇量表(internality,powerful others and chance scales,IPC)对282名职业再培训医务人员进行问卷调查.结果 被调查医务人员在内控性、有势力他人及机遇三方面的平均分值分别为(29.59+6.23)分、(17.14+6.59)分和(16.73±6.55)分.职业再培训医务人员内控性、有势力他人两方面分值均低于对照.职业再培训医务人员的内控性与健康自评、户籍和年龄均相关(均有P＜0.05),有势力他人与性别、健康变化和医务人员来源均相关(均有P＜0.05),机遇与性别、健康变化和健康自评均相关(均有P＜0.05).结论 职业再培训医务人员心理控制能力的薄弱点在内控性方面,应对县镇和农村的医务人员等高危人群进行心理辅导、心理咨询以及增强体质等有针对性的干预措施,增强医务人员的心理控制能力,从而提高医疗技术水平.     

女医学新生心理状态及个性特征的现状调查

目的 了解女医学新生心理状态及个性特征,建立系统的评估和干预体系.方法 选取某医科大学385名女医学新生为研究对象,使用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)进行调查.结果 症状自评量表测评中躯体化、人际关系敏感、抑郁、敌对、偏执因子均显著低于常模(女),(t值分别为-4.24、-9.02、-4.25、-5.35、-4.97,均P＜0.叭),恐怖因子高于常模(女)(t =4.90,P＜0.01).艾森克个性问卷测评中P分值、E分值显著高于常模(女)(t值分别为13.80、15.78,均P＜0.01),N分值、L分值显著低于常模(女)(t值分别为-7.42、-14.41,均P＜0.01);p分值和N分值与症状自评量表得分呈正相关、E分值与症状自评量表得分呈负相关(均P＜0.01).学习压力影响P分值和N分值,家庭收入影响N分值,情绪对3个维度均有影响.结论 关注心理健康教育需结合家庭情况,注重人格特质的培养和教育.     

The Personality Characteristics and Emotional Disorders of Alcohol Dependence Patients

目的 探讨酒依赖患者的人格特征及情绪障碍.方法 对我院住院治疗的87例慢性酒中毒患者进行艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)及Zung抑郁量表(SAS)、Zung焦虑量表(SDS)测试,并与全国常模进行对照研究.结果 酒依赖患者具有明显的人格特征,主要是N(t=6.74,P＜0.01)、E(t=7.25,P＜0.01)两项分值明显高于正常,这些患者抑郁量表(t=5.57,P＜0.05)及焦虑量表(t=6.23,P＜0.05)分值高于正常,有明显的情绪障碍.结论 酒依赖患者具有明显的人格偏离及情绪障碍.     

机车乘务员自测健康与抑郁焦虑情绪的相关性

[目的]了解铁路机车乘务员自测健康状况与抑郁、焦虑情绪的相关性,为保护机车乘务员身心健康,确保铁路行车安全提供依据。[方法]用自测健康评定量表(SRHMS)、自评抑郁量表(SDS)、Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)作为测评工具,对某铁路机务段机车乘务员598人进行现场调查和测试。[结果]3个子量表得分差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);心理健康子量表分20岁~与40岁~组之间比较差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。机车乘务员中有抑郁、焦虑情绪者分别占75.25%和65.72%。抑郁与无抑郁、焦虑与无焦虑情绪者自测健康各维度得分比较差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。相关分析显示抑郁、焦虑标准分与自测健康量表各维度得分相关系数有统计学意义(P﹤0.01),它们之间呈不同程度的负相关;自测健康量表中各维度得分之间相关系数有统计学意义(P﹤0.01),它们之间呈不同程度的正相关。[结论]铁路机车乘务员自测健康与抑郁、焦虑情绪有关。应采取多方面有效措施,提高机车乘务员的身心健康水平。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.