晚期肿瘤患者应用个性化护理干预对生活质量影响的分析

目的分析应用个性化护理干预措施对晚期肿瘤患者生活质量的影响。方法选择188例晚期肿瘤患者,随机分为对照组94例,予以常规护理措施;研究组94例,予以饮食、心理、疼痛缓解、并发症及生活护理等个性化护理干预措施。应用QOL—C30量表、SF-36量表及APGAR问卷调查等方式评估生活质量以及家庭支持状况。结果与对照组相比,研究组的生活质量总分及各维度得分提高（P〈0．05）,且家庭支持总分及各维度得分也显著提高（P〈0．05）。结论个性化护理干预措施能显著改善晚期肿瘤患者生活质量,提高患者的家庭支持度。     

晚期肿瘤患者中人文关怀护理的应用效果观察

目的:分析人文关怀护理在晚期肿瘤患者治疗中的应用效果。方法:选取我院2014年6月至2017年10月收治的80例晚期肿瘤患者作为研究对象,将患者随机分为对照组、观察组,每组各40例,给予对照组患者常规的护理干预,观察组在常规护理干预的基础上实施人文关怀护理措施,比较两组患者疼痛度的缓解、患者的情绪改善以及护理满意度。结果:与对照组相比,观察组患者的疼痛缓解程度更显著,且患者的不良情绪得到改善,患者护理满意度更高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:将人文关怀护理措施应用于晚期肿瘤患者护理中,不仅能使患者的情绪得到缓解,还能减轻患者的疼痛程度,对提升患者的护理满意度发挥重要作用。因此,该护理措施值得在临床中推广应用。     

护理干预对肿瘤化疗患者静脉血管的影响

[目的]通过对肿瘤患者的护理干预,病人有较好的血管条件接受化疗,保证了治疗计划的顺利实施。[方法]对60例肿瘤患者采用心理干预、合理选择血管、提高穿刺技术、减轻化疗药物对血管的刺激、恢复血管弹性等措施。[结果]静脉炎的发生率和严重程度明显降低。[结论]护理干预可使肿瘤化疗患者有较好的血管条件。     

心理护理对降低晚期癌痛的效果研究

目的探讨心理护理对晚期癌痛的影响。方法将在广州市某综合医院肿瘤科住院治疗的80例晚期癌症患者,按随机数字表法分为两组各40例,干预组采用以心理干预为基础的护理模式,对照组则采用常规的护理模式。采用0~10级线视觉模拟评分法(VAS)对晚期癌痛程度进行评估。结果干预组患者的疼痛缓解程度显著高于对照组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论心理护理干预措施能有效缓解晚期癌痛。     

晚期癌症疼痛的评估与护理

目的给予癌症晚期出现疼痛的患者相应的疼痛评估以及护理,探讨护理方法及治疗对策。方法选取癌症晚期出现疼痛的患者31例进行观察,首先对其疼痛情况进行评估,然后采取药物止痛的护理方法,并对癌痛患者进行心理支持,改善其生存质量。结果癌症患者经过护理,除了1例疼痛强烈而死亡,其余患者疼痛症状有所缓解,生命质量得到了一定的提高。结论临床上,给予癌症晚期出现疼痛的患者护理评估,并采取相应的药物进行止痛干预,辅助一定的心理护理和支持,能够有效减轻癌症患者疼痛感,提高其生活水平。     

护理干预对晚期疼痛患者规范化治疗的影晌

国际上现已将疼痛列为第五大生命体征,国际疼痛研究协会（IASP）给出的疼痛定义为：疼痛是伴随现有的或潜在的组织损伤而产生的生理和心理等因素复杂结合的主观感受。疼痛是癌症患者最常见的症状之一,严重影响了癌症患者的生活质量,有研究[1-2]表明,肿瘤病房护士通过临床工作实践及科室教育等途径获得癌痛相关知识较非肿瘤专科的护士多,能够更好有效地进行疼痛管理,提高肿瘤患者的生活质量。在治疗期间中进行护理干预,是提高患者生存质量的重要措施,本文中我们就护理干预对癌症疼痛的控制效果及不良反应进行探讨,现报道如下。     

疼痛护理联合核心肌群训练对腰椎间盘突出症手术患者术后功能康复的影响

目的 探讨疼痛护理联合核心肌群训练（CMT）对腰椎间盘突出症（LDH手术患者术后功能康复的影响。方法 选取2019年1月至2021年12月于联勤保障部队第九〇八医院鹰潭医疗区行LDH手术的86例患者,依随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各43例。对照组接受常规护理干预,观察组在对照组基础上接受疼痛护理联合CMT干预,干预周期均为8周,比较两组康复效果[采用日本骨科协会（JOA）评分评估]、疼痛程度[采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评估]、腰椎功能[采用Oswestry功能障碍指数问卷（ODI）评估]。结果 观察组康复总优良率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;干预8周后,两组VAS、ODI评分均低于干预前,且观察组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 疼痛护理联合CMT可提高LDH手术患者的术后康复效果,并减轻疼痛程度,利于腰椎功能康复。     

社区护理干预对老年性痴呆患者生存质量的影响

[目的]探讨社区护理干预对老年性痴呆患者生存质量的影响。[方法]将社区中80例早、中期老年性痴呆患者随机分为对照组、干预组各40例。对照组进行常规家庭护理,不实施干预措施。干预组实行社区护理干预:包括健康知识宣教;基础生活护理;心理情感支持;康复训练指导。应用健康状况调查问卷(SF-36)、简易精神状态检查表(CMMSE)和日常生活能力量表(ADL)进行评估。[结果]干预后1年,干预组的SF-36量表和CMMSE量表分值明显较对照组及干预前升高(P﹤0.05),ADL量表分值低于对照组及干预前(P﹤0.05)。[结论]社区护理干预能够延缓老年性痴呆患者的病程,减轻症状,改善生存质量。     

肿瘤患者的疼痛护理干预措施

目的 探讨和分析护理干预对肿瘤患者疼痛的影响,积累肿瘤患者疼痛护理经验.方法 提取具有完整临床资料的我院就诊的肿瘤患者60例,根据研究需要随机分为观察组和对照组,实施制定一系列护理干预措施.通过实施不同的护理措施,观察两组患者治疗疼痛的效果.结果 30例癌痛患者使用护理措施前后共观察326例次,在护理干预前后疼痛程度比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 对癌性疼痛患者,采取有效的护理干预措施,按照WHO推荐止痛原则,配合合理治疗与护理,有利于缓解疼痛,提高患者生存质量,具有较好的临床应用价值,值得临床护理借鉴和推广.     

高血压病的社区护理干预评估

[目的]为了适应现代医学模式,护士走向社会,走进家庭,通过社区护理干预,对提高高血压病人的生活质量有着重要意义.[方法]社区通过"慢病"普查后分析并确诊为高血压患者58例的相关问题,实施了社区护理干预措施,2个月后评估干预结果. [结果]经过社区护理干预,使56例高血压患者病情有明显差异. [结论]社区护理干预,可提高高血压病患者的生活质量.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.