完美主义对A型人格大学生拖延行为的影响

目的探讨完美主义对A型人格大学生拖延行为的影响。方法采用A型行为类型问卷(TABP),Aitken拖延问卷(API)以及多维完美主义量表(MPS)对285名大学生进行测量。结果 A型人格大学生与B型人格大学生的拖延行为水平无显著差异;A型人格大学生在MPS 2个分量表中的总分及在各个维度上的得分均高于B型人格大学生,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);A型人格特征各维度与完美主义各维度有显著相关关系;在A型人格大学生中,完美主义的"社会规定性完美主义"维度对拖延行为有负向预测作用,"完美主义情绪"维度对拖延行为有正向预测作用。结论 A型人格大学生比B型人格大学生具有更高的完美主义倾向,在A型人格大学生中,完美主义对拖延行为有一定的预测作用。     

医学院校非医专业大学新生学校适应及与自我接纳关系

[目的]探讨医学院校非医专业新生学校适应与自我接纳现状及两者之间的关系。[方法]对291名新生施测大学新生学校适应自评量表和自我接纳问卷。[结果]①新生学校适应在生活环境、交往活动、情绪状态上独生子女明显好于非独生子女;城市学生在学习活动、交往活动、情绪活动上的得分分别高于乡镇、农村学生;家庭氛围非常和谐的学生在交往活动和情绪活动上好于家庭氛围不和谐、和谐的学生。②独生子女的自我接纳得分好于非独生子女,城市的学生自我评价得分高于农村、乡镇学生。③学校适应总分及各维度与自我接纳及各因子呈显著正相关,交往活动、情绪状态、学习活动对自我接纳有一定的预测作用。[结论]医学院校非医专业新生学校适应对自我接纳存在一定影响。     

2007年昆明市部分大学毕业生人格特征分析

[目的]探讨大学毕业生人格特点,为用人单位和毕业生择业提供参考。[方法]2007年对昆明医学院和云南师范大学应届部分毕业生用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)进行测试。[结果]测试大学毕业生525人,E维度(内外向)和N维度(情绪性)高于全国常模(P<0.01)。女生N维度和L维度(掩饰性)得分高于男生,E维度和P维度(精神性)低于男生(P<0.01或<0.05);来自城市的E维度得分高于来自农村的,P维度得分低于农村的(P<0.05);独生子女的E维度得分高于非独生子女(P<0.05);医学院毕业生的P维度得分高于师范毕业生(P<0.05)。[结论]与常模比较,大学毕业生具有外向、爱交际、情绪不稳定的人格特征。     

大学生完美主义与安全感的相关研究

目的探讨大学生完美主义与安全感的关系。方法本研究采用多维度完美主义量表和安全感量表对296名大学生进行问卷调查。结果在完美主义总分上性别差异显著（t=2．723,P〈0．01）,男生高于女生;在父母期望维度上,年级差异显著（F=4．310,P〈0．01）,独生子女与非独生子女差异显著（t=2．005,P〈0．05）。在安全感总分上独生子女与非独生子女差异显著（t=2．457,p〈0．05）;在人际安全维度上,城镇高于农村（t=2．270,P〈0．05）,独生子女高于非独生子女（t=2．457,P〈0．05）。完美主义与安全感呈负相关（r=-0．475,p〈0．01）;完美主义中的担心错误、行动的疑虑对安全感有负性预测作用（p〈0．05）,条理性对安全感有正性预测作用（p〈0．05）。结论大学生完美主义与安全感总体上呈负相关,担心错误、行动的疑虑、条理性对安全感有很好的预测作用。     

独生与非独生子女中专生推理能力、人格特征的比较研究

目的比较独生子女与非独生子女中专生推理能力、人格特征与父母养育方式的差异,为中等专科学校开展心理健康教育提供理论依据.方法采用瑞文标准推理测验(RSPM-CR)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)和父母教育方式评定量表(EMBU)对547名中专生进行测试.结果独生子女的推理能力得分远高于非独生子女,差异有显著性(P＜0.05);在人格特征上,独生子女的L维度低于非独生子女,差异有非常显著性(P＜0.01),其他人格因子差异无显著性;父母养育方式上,独生子女的F1(情感温暖、理解),F3(过分干涉),M1(过分干涉、过分保护)等因子得分均显著高于非独生子女(P＜0.01).结论独生子女推理能力较强,社会适应能力不如非独生子女,独生子女得到父母的情感温暖、理解和过分干涉较多,母亲的过分保护较非独生子女明显.     

大学生攻击行为现况及影响因素分析

了解大学生攻击行为现况及其家庭和个人心理影响因素,为预防和减少大学生攻击行为的发生提供理论依据.方法 以家庭教养方式量表、青少年心理弹性量表、人格量表及攻击量表为工具,在江苏、安徽省随机分层抽取10所高校的842名大学生进行调查.结果 父母关系不和谐的大学生身体攻击及攻击总分高于父母关系和谐的大学生.父母为高中以上学历的大学生,除身体攻击外,攻击的其他维度及总分均低于父母为小学及或初中学历的大学生.高攻击组大学生家庭关爱维度得分低于低攻击组,而控制维度得分高于低攻击组.除目标关注维度外,高攻击组大学生心理弹性各个维度的得分均低于低攻击组.高攻击组大学生神经质得分高于低攻击组,人格特征其余维度的得分均低于低攻击组.结论 大学生的攻击行为受到父母关系、父母学历水平、家庭教养方式、心理弹性和人格特征的影响.     

南京市大学生社交焦虑在完美主义与手机依赖关系中的中介作用

目的探索大学生手机依赖、社交焦虑与完美主义间的关系以及社交焦虑在非适应性完美主义与手机依赖关系中的中介作用。方法采用手机依赖评定量表、社交焦虑量表、多维完美主义量表对江苏南京3所高校362名大学生进行调查。结果 43.40%的大学生存在手机依赖倾向;手机依赖组的社交焦虑、非适应性完美主义得分高于非手机依赖组,差异具有统计学意义(t社交焦虑=4.772,P0.001;t消极完美=3.653～5.641, P0.001);手机依赖与社交焦虑、完美主义之间呈显著正相关(r=0.282, r=0.368, P0.01);社交焦虑与父母批评、关注错误共同正向预测手机依赖,共同预测力达20.10%。社交焦虑在父母批评、关注错误与手机依赖的关系中的中介效应分别占总效应的11.09%与13.45%。结论大学生完美主义既可直接影响手机依赖,也可通过社交焦虑影响手机依赖。     

大学生中文Frost多维完美主义量表常模的探究

[目的]探索中文Frost多维完美主义量表(CFMPS)的常模的初定.[方法]用CFMPS对1 245名大学生进行测试,并结合Parker和訾非对完美主义的分类和比例.[结果]CFMPS的得分呈左偏态分布,以得分≤74分,74～90分,≥90分将被试划分为1、2、33类,且3类被试在各维度的得分均是"1型被试群的得分＜2型被试群的得分＜3型被试群的得分".[结论]CFMPS的得分≤74分为非完美主义,74～90分为完美主义倾向,≥90分为典型完美主义.所建立的常模具有科学性和可行性.     

大学生主动性人格及其与性别角色的关系

目的 了解大学生主动性人格的发展状况,探讨与性别角色的关系,为大学生的成长提供更好的支持和帮助.方法 随机选取336名苏州大学学生作为被试,采用性别角色量表和主动性人格问卷对其进行测量.结果 大四年级学生主动性人格得分显著高于大一年级和大二年级学生(P＜0.05)；男生的主动性人格得分显著高于女生(P＜0.05)；学生干部的主动性人格得分显著高于非学生干部(P＜0.05)；大学生中双性化比例为29.2％、未分化为36.0％,都显著高于男性化和女性化；性别角色的男性化维度和主动性人格具有高相关(r=0.62),男性化特质更能预测主动性人格特质(R2 =0.39).结论 大学时期是主动性人格发展的重要时期,性别角色中的男性维度可以有效预测主动性人格.     

杭州市大学生完美主义羞怯及面子心理的相关分析

目的了解杭州市大学生完美主义，羞怯、面子心理之间的相互关系，为高校大学生心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用完美主义量表、羞怯量表、丢面子量表对340名大学生进行调查，应用SPSS软件进行统计学分析。结果乡村大学生在羞怯量表上得分（2．71&#177;0．49）高于城市大学生得分（2．55&#177;0．58），非独生子女得分（2．71&#177;0．50）高于独生子女羞怯量表得分（2．54&#177;0．57）。羞怯与积极完美主义呈负相关关系（r=-0．27），与消极完美主义呈正相关关系（r=0．34），与丢面子心理呈正相关关系（r=0．22）；丢面子与积极完美主义（r=0．11）和消极完美主义（r=0．17）都呈正相关关系。结论羞怯倾向于消极的心理方面，而面子心理可能是积极的，也可能是消极的。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.