25例腰间盘突出症的CT表现

椎间盘病是常见病，腰椎间盘突出（Lumbar disk herniation LDH）最为常见，是腰腿痛的主要病因之一，临床症状和体征是其诊断的重要依据，影像学检查是临床诊断的补充，更是选择手术适应症及手术方法的必要手段，LDH的影像学检查包括X线平片，X线椎管造影，CT、MRI等。CT扫描是检查LDH常用的方法之一，LDH已有很多文献报道。但在日常工作中仍遇见一些问题值得讨论，本文就我院经CT诊断为LDH并经手术病理证宴的25例资料讲行回顾忡分析．     

脊柱多发性骨髓瘤影像学对比分析

目的:探讨脊柱多发性骨髓瘤(MM)的影像学表现及其临床价值。方法:回顾性分析27例经骨髓穿刺或活检病理证实的脊柱MM的临床特点及其X线、CT、MRI征象。结果:X线平片示11例骨质破坏伴骨质疏松,骨质疏松不伴骨质破坏9例,X线平片未见明显异常7例。CT示23例骨质破坏,其中15例为溶骨性,8例为穿凿样破坏;4例未见阳性征象。MRI示27例均发现骨髓信号异常。结论:脊柱MM的影像表现有一定特点。MRI在MM的诊断及鉴别诊断中明显优于X线平片和CT。     

早期股骨头缺血坏死的影像学比较

目的：分析股骨头缺血坏死（ANFH）的X线、CT和MRI的早期表现，从影像学的角度探讨它们的诊断价值。方法：对42例53侧股骨头进行X线平片、CT和MRI检查，着重对其缺血坏死的早期影像学表现进行分析比较。结果：在42例股骨头的Ⅰ-Ⅱ期影像表现中，X线检出18例（43％）。CT检出32例（70％）。MRI检出40例（95％）。结论：X线平片难以诊断ANFH的早期表现。CT和MRI可以准确地显示ANFH的早期病变，尤其MRI是最有效而可靠的方法，诊断价值高于CT和X线平片。     

成人早期股骨头缺血性坏死的影像学诊断价值

目的探讨成人早期股骨头缺血性坏死(ANFH)的影像学(X线平片,CT及MRI)诊断价值。方法选择影像学检查结合临床资料确诊的病例,比较分析25例34个早期股骨头缺血性坏死的X线平片,CT及MRI的诊断结果。结果34个早期股骨头缺血性坏死中,Ⅰ期13髋,Ⅱ期21髋。早期(Ⅰ~Ⅱ期)股骨头坏死的X线平片,CT及MRI的确诊率分别是32.4%,61.8%及100%。结论MRI与其它影像检查方法相比能够更早发现病变,且敏感性和准确率高于CT和X线平片。     

骨肉瘤的X线平片、CT、MRI诊断

目的:评估X线平片、CT、MRI诊断骨肉瘤的价值.材料和方法:回顾性分析20例经手术病理证实为骨肉瘤的X线平片、CT、MRI表现.结果:20例X线平片均能清楚显示骨肉瘤的基本表现,术前正确诊断17例,误诊3例;CT显示骨肉瘤的骨质破坏及瘤骨优于X线平片11例;MRI显示骨肉瘤的早期骨破坏及周围软组织、病变范围及骨骺(骺板)侵袭、瘤周水肿优于X线平片及CT14例.结论:X线平片是诊断骨肉瘤的首选及基本方法,CT或MRI对提高骨肉瘤的诊断、分期及临床治疗提供全面、准确的影像学资料,尤其MRI对于指导保留骨骺的保肢术的选择具有重要意义.     

以腰腿痛为首发症状的腰椎转移瘤影像学分析

目的探讨腰椎转移瘤的影像学表现及其诊断价值。方法回顾性分析20例以腰腿痛症状就诊,后经临床或病理证实的腰椎转移瘤的影像学资料,总结其影像学特点。结果本组20例患者共涉及50个椎体,单发3例,多发17例。其中,X线发现10例28个椎体,CT发现15例40个椎体,MRI显示20例50个椎体。侵犯椎体附件12例,MRI最为敏感,主要表现为附件信号异常,X线仅能根据椎弓根征诊断。合并压缩骨折6例,三种检查方法均显示,表现为"上下内凹"的盘状。合并椎旁及椎管内软组织肿块9例,MRI及CT扫描均能明确其范围,而X线多不能发现。无1例椎间盘受累。结论 MRI是诊断腰椎转移瘤的可靠手段,而X线平片和CT检查依然是腰椎病变最基本和常用的检查方法,对于临床高度怀疑腰椎转移瘤而X线平片或CT检查无明显异常的患者,应尽早进行MRI检查。     

腰骶椎椎间盘突出的影像诊断

目的：通过回顾性分析，探讨腰骶椎椎间盘突出的非创性影像诊断及相关问题。材料与方法；报告200例腰骶椎椎间盘突出者的影像学表现，其中67例经手术证实。全部病例摄有X线平片及CT扫描，21例做了MRI检查。结果：对腰骶椎椎间盘突出的诊断，MRI和CT显示优于传统X线检查。但MRI在鉴别诊断方面又比CT稍胜一筹。结论：MRI虽然敏感性高，但检查费用昂贵，故对本症的诊断，应首选CT检查。     

骨关节结核影像学检查临床对比分析

目的探讨不同影像学方法诊断骨关节结核的临床效果。方法对36例骨关节结核患者分别采用X线、CT及MRI等三种方法进行检查,比较三种检查方法的对骨关节结核各征象的显示情况及诊断敏感性。结果 MRI在椎体骨质破坏、关节腔积液、椎间盘破坏、椎管狭窄等征象显示方面明显优于CT和X线平片,且差异具有统计学意义。X线平片、CT、MRI等三种影像学检查方法对骨关节结核患椎的诊断敏感性比较存在明显差异;进行两两比较发现,MRI诊断敏感性明显优于X线平片和CT;而CT的诊断敏感性又明显优于X线平片,且差异具有统计学意义。结论 MRI在骨关节结核早期诊断敏感性方面明显优于X线平片和CT。     

小儿椎间盘病变的临床及影像诊断(附73例分析)

目的 探讨小儿椎间盘疾病的临床影像学诊断,提高对本病的诊断与鉴别诊断水平.方法 对2002-2007年收集的73例有临床病史,并经X线平片、CT扫描、MRI检查及随访确诊的小儿椎问盘病例进行总结分析.结果 临床上有外伤史伴颈、胸、腰背部疼痛70例,有前驱发热、咳嗽、流涕、腹泻等感染史30例.影像学检查证实小儿钙化性椎问盘病32例,椎间盘膨出16例,椎问盘突出25例,伴随椎体骨折17例.结论 小儿椎间盘病变多发生在颈部,多与近期感染、脊柱外伤有关.影像学检查对诊断有重要价值.     

骨内腱鞘囊肿的影像学表现

目的:探讨骨内腱鞘囊肿的影像学表现及其诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的23例骨内腱鞘囊肿的临床及影像资料,X线平片检查15例,螺旋CT检查9例,MRI检查6例。4例同时行X线平片和CT检查,3例同时行X线平片和MRI检查。结果:X线、CT表现为骨内邻近关节面的类圆形囊样透亮区,边界清楚,有薄层硬化边,3例CT及其三维重建显示病灶与关节腔相通。MRI在T1WI呈低信号,T2WI和脂肪抑制T2表现为高信号,MRI显示病灶与关节腔相通2例。结论:骨内腱鞘囊肿影像学表现有一定特征,CT及其三维重建对病灶细节显示清晰,可作为首选检查方法。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.