中国小型猪冠状动脉囊扩张术后的组织学及形态学特征

目的 研究中国小型猪冠状动脉球囊扩张术后的组织学及形态学特征，建立中国小型猪冠状动脉内介入术后再狭窄动物模型。方法 对１６头中国小猪左冠动脉前降支或回旋支行球囊过度扩张术，分别在术后３ｄ和术后３０ｄ处死动物，通过ＨＥ、马宋三色和维尔霍夫－范吉杂色切片，观察血管最大内膜厚度、新生内膜面积、狭窄程度、血管周长和管腔周长的变化：通过免疫组织化学观察α－平滑肌肌动蛋白（α－ｓｍｏｏｔｈ ｍｕｓｃｌｅ ａｃ     

血管内放射抑制猪冠状动脉球囊损伤后血管重塑的机制

目的：探讨血管内放射对冠状动脉内介入治疗后血管重塑的抑制作用;方法：通过小型猪冠状动脉球囊扩张术后再狭窄动物模型,采用形态学,组织学方法和α－平滑肌肌动蛋白免疫组织化学染色方法,观察了％１９２Ｉｒ血管内放射治疗对血管重塑的影响。结果：血管内放射治疗后分别显著增加了球囊扩张术后３０ｄ血中长、血管腔周长的管腔面积,血管内放射显著减少了术后３０ｄ外膜α－ＳＭＡ阳性细胞及外膜纤维化。结论：血管内放射治疗可     

^32P局部照射预防猪冠状动脉再狭窄研究

目的：评价^32P灌注球囊预防再狭窄的有效性、可行性和安全性。方法：对猪冠状动脉左前降支行过度球囊扩张术后,治疗组以^32P作血管内照射,对照组作假照射。术后35d收获目标血管、检测血管形态、细胞增殖百分比等。结果：治疗组血管腔面积较对照组明显增大（P＜0．01）,新生内膜面积、血管狭窄程度和各层PCNA阳性细胞明显减小（P均＜0．01）。结论：^31P灌注球囊照射预防冠状动脉再狭窄有效、安全而且可行。     

雷帕霉素洗脱支架抑制猪颈动脉成形术后近期再狭窄的实验研究

目的:研究自膨式雷帕霉素洗脱支架防治猪颈动脉血管成形术后近期再狭窄的有效性安全性,及其作用机制.方法:国产小型猪6只,分别行双侧颈总动脉球囊扩张损伤后,随机分为对照组(裸支架组)和实验组(雷帕霉素洗脱支架组),各置入6枚.术后4周重复动脉造影后处死动物.取出支架段血管,测算支架处血管管腔面积、新牛内膜厚度与面积及管腔狭窄百分比以评价内膜增生程度.应用TUNEL法检测新生内膜细胞凋亡指数(apoptotic index,AI),免疫组化检测血管平滑肌细胞中增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)、Bcl-2、Bax表达水平.结果:雷帕霉素洗脱支架组支架内管腔面积大于裸支架组(P<0.05);新生内膜面积小于裸支架组(P<0.05);新生内膜厚度小于裸支架组(P<0.05);细胞凋亡多于裸支架组(P<0.05):PCNA阳性细胞及Bcl-2表达低于裸支架组(P<0.05);Bax表达高于裸支架组(P<0.05).结论:雷帕霉素洗脱支架能抑制新生内膜形成.在支架植入后4周能预防猪颈动脉血管成形术后近期再狭窄的形成.可能通过上调Bax,下调Bcl-2的表达.从而抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖发挥作用.     

血管球囊损伤后内膜增生及血管重塑对再狭窄的影响

目的:探讨在血管再狭窄形成过程中内膜增生及血管重塑的作用.方法:采用大鼠颈动脉球囊损伤后血管再狭窄的动物模型,经形态学观察及计算机图像分析,观测术后不同时间点血管壁各成分的变化. 结果:血管损伤后3 d血管内腔面可见增殖的血管平滑肌细胞,损伤后7 d新生内膜形成并继续增厚,损伤后28 d新生内膜厚度及面积达最大,损伤后35 d较损伤后28 d缩小(P<0.01). 损伤后各时间点中膜厚度无明显变化,但损伤后35 d的中膜面积较损伤后28 d及对照未损伤侧缩小(P<0.05). 管腔面积于损伤后前3 d略增大,损伤后7 d出现管腔面积减少,至损伤后28~35 d管腔面积明显小于对照未损伤侧(P<0.01). 外弹力膜内横截面积在损伤后3~7 d略增大,损伤后14 d最大,损伤后35 d较损伤后28 d及对照未损伤侧明显缩小(P<0.01). 结论:内膜增生与血管重塑是再狭窄形成的主要病理机制,血管再狭窄的形成是内膜增生与血管重塑的平衡所决定的,两者共同导致管腔狭窄.     

血管外膜和平滑肌细胞增殖活性及胶原分布对血管重塑影响

目的:动态观察静脉桥再狭窄动物模型中血管外膜和平滑肌细胞增殖活性以及胶原分布的变化,以评价血管外膜及细胞增殖和胶原分布对血管重塑的影响.方法:建立猪静脉桥再狭窄模型,采用血管病理形态学和免疫组化方法,结合Masson染色,观察术后7、30、45天血管重塑、外膜细胞和平滑肌细胞增生指数及胶原的动态变化.结果:①术后7天新生内膜形成逐渐增厚,于术后45天达最大,外膜厚度和细胞密度于术后7天起逐渐增大,术后30天达最高,术后45天较30天相对减少(P<0.05);PCNA染显示,血管外膜细胞和平滑肌细胞增生指数7天显著增加,术后30天PCNA阳性表达达到高峰,45天回到基线水准;②术后7天血管外膜和内膜中胶原增多.术后30-45天见新内膜中含大量胶原,呈进行性增多趋势;血管外膜中胶原术后30天达高峰,而术后45天胶原含量下降,并见局部纤维化;③管腔面积和IElA于术后7天逐渐减小,术后30-45天管腔面积明显小于对照组.术后45天管腔面积最小(P<0.05);剩余狭窄率与管腔面积相反,于术后7天出现逐渐增大,术后45天达最大;重塑指数和EELA术后7天稍有增大.其后不断减小,术后30-45天明显减小(P<0.05).结论:血管外膜细胞和平滑肌细胞的增殖活性改变以及外膜的增厚、纤维化和胶原的重排对内膜增生和血管重塑起着重要作用,参与并促进了血管桥再狭窄的发生过程.     

188Re血管内照射对抑制血管内膜增生的影响

目的：研究188^Re血管内照射对新西兰白兔损伤血管内膜增生的影响,探 讨188^Re血管内照射对预防再狭窄的可行性。方法：将60只新西兰白兔随机分为对照组（n=30）和照射组（n=30）,均行腹主动脉球囊内皮拉伤术,照射组球囊损伤内膜后行188^Re照射治疗。分别于术后1、3、6周处死动物,取病理组织学标本进行分析。结果：与对照组比较,照射组第3、6周的新生内膜面积明显减小、管腔面积明显增加、管腔周径明显增大、管腔狭窄程度明显降低（P〈0.05）。结论：188^Re血管腔内照射能有效抑制损伤血管的新生内膜增生,为预防临床PTCA术后再狭窄提供了有力的实验依据。     

球囊损伤术建立血管再狭窄鼠模型

目的 建立大鼠颈动脉球囊损伤血管再狭窄模型,观察损伤血管的组织形态学变化.方法 雄性Wistar大鼠36只,随机分为假手术组（对照组）、损伤后1d组、损伤后3d组、损伤后7d组、损伤后14 d组、损伤后28 d组,每组6只.除假手术组其余各组均利用PTCA球囊导管损伤颈动脉建立血管再狭窄模型,用光学显微镜观察损伤后不同时间血管的形态学变化.结果 球囊导管损伤术使颈动脉内皮剥脱、VSMC增殖、迁移、新生内膜增生,导致管腔狭窄.损伤后7d,内膜开始增生,14 d内膜增生最显著,28 d达到最大.结论 利用PTCA球囊导管成功建立血管再狭窄鼠模型,方法科学,能满足研究血管损伤后再狭窄的需要.     

莪术油对动脉损伤大鼠血管成形术后再狭窄的抑制作用

【目的】探讨莪术油对血管成形术后再狭窄的防治作用。【方法】建立大鼠颈动脉球囊导管损伤模型,采用计算机图像分析再狭窄病灶的形态学和组织学变化,对假手术组、莪术油组和模型组共25只大鼠进行研究。【结果】术后 14d,模型组出现血管内膜增厚及新生内膜面积增大,管腔面积和内、外弹力板周长缩小,与假手术组比较有非常显著性差异(P<0.01);莪术油组最大内膜厚度及新生内膜面积比模型组减少,而管腔面积和内、外弹力板周长增加(P<0.01);与假手术组比无显著性差异(P>0.05)。【结论】莪术油可抑制大鼠损伤动脉内膜增生和血管重构,有防治血管成形术后再狭窄作用。     

血管内放射抑制猪髂动脉球囊损伤后狭窄形成的动态观察及机制探讨

目的：评价血管内放射抑制猪髂动脉球囊损伤后狭窄形成的可行性、有效性及其作用机制。方法：小型家猪１３头,分为对照组7头及实验组6头 。对照组左侧髂动脉先行造影及血管内超声检查,随后行球囊扩张成形术,最后置入置源管。实验组在上述处理基础上,通过置源管送入^192Ir高剂量后装源取20Gy对受损髂动脉行放射治疗。术后第3天、第10天及第28天各处死2头,取损伤的髂动脉分别行苏木精－伊红及Masson染色,计算机图像分析系统分析形态学及组织学变化。结果：对经球囊损伤后的猪髂动脉进行血管内放射在技术上是可行的,未见并发症发生。实验组在不同时间点与对照组相比较均可见新生内膜面积及厚度减少、血管腔面积及外弹力膜包绕面积增加现象;新生内膜中胶原含量有增生受抑现象。结论：在球囊扩张成形术后即刻应用血管内^192Ir 20Gy放射治疗,第３天起明显抑制新生内膜形成,第10天时新生内膜抑制达到高峰,血管发生有意义的正性重塑,到28天时血管正性重塑更加明显,从而达到有效抑制动脉损伤后狭窄形成的效果。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.