冠状动脉架桥术麻醉及围术期处理

目的：介绍１９９７年４月至１９９９年１０月我院１８０例冠脉架桥手术（ＣＡＢＧ）患者麻醉特点及处理原则。方法：采用小剂量咪唑安定,阈下值氯胺酮,常规剂量芬太尼诱导,异氟醚、异丙酚持续镇静的麻醉方法,分析１８０例接受ＣＡＧＢ手术的患者的临床资料及麻醉用药情况和术中血流动力学状况。结果：本组麻醉诱导平稳,循环稳定,体外循环时间平均１１５ｍｉｎ,升主动脉阻断时间平均５５ｍｉｎ。围术期死亡率０．６％（１例死于鱼精蛋白过敏）。患者术后清醒时间４～６ｈ,拔管时间平均１４ｈ。结论：即使是在严重冠心病患者,采用多种小剂量镇静药及大剂量芬太尼诱导、维持的麻醉方法,能获得平稳的麻醉诱导和维持以及稳定的血流动力学状态,从而有效防止围手术期低血压和心律失常造成的心肌缺血和围手术期心肌梗死的发生。     

胸部大血管手术的麻醉管理

目的 研究胸部大血管手术围手术期的麻醉处理。方法 对168例胸部大血管手术患者，术前均予以镇痛、镇静、降压、利尿等治疗。麻醉诱导选用依托咪酯0.1～0.2 mg／kg、丙泊酚100～150 mg，芬太尼10～15 μg／kg，罗库溴胺l mg／kg，利多卡因0.5～1 mg。麻醉维持以芬太尼为主的静吸复合麻醉，应用连续监测有创动脉压和中心静脉压血流动力学指标,根据血流动力学的变化监测及时使用硝普钠或硝酸甘油及尼卡地平等血管活性药物，严密控制血压。人工血管吻合结束后，积极使用多种止血药物。结果 162例患者围术期血流动力学平稳，全部患者术后2～4 h清醒，6～36 h拔出气管插管,恢复良好。有2例患者因人造血管感染而死亡，4例因术中难以控制的出血而死亡。结论 准确掌握手术适应证，术前重视心肺、肝肾等重要脏器功能维护，合理使用麻醉药物和血管活性药物，加强监测，维持术中的血流动力学稳定，外科认真止血，完善手术技术，合理使用止血药物是大血管手术围手术期手术麻醉管理的关键。 [关键词] 大血管手术 麻醉管理 监测 止血     

丙泊酚靶控输注复合瑞芬太尼在神经外科手术中的应用

目的探讨丙泊酚靶控输注复合瑞芬太尼在神经外科手术中的应用。方法择期神经外科肿瘤切除手术的患者46例,随机分为2组（n=23）:R组为瑞芬太尼组,瑞芬太尼诱导量1～2μg/kg,维持量0.2μg.kg^-1·min^-1;N组为芬太尼组,芬太尼3～4μg/kg诱导,按需单次追加1～2μg/kg维持。两组均采用丙泊酚靶控输注2.5mg/kg·h,记录围麻醉期血流动力学,术后恢复阶段自主呼吸恢复时间、轻唤睁眼时间、拔管时间,并于拔管后5min记录病人的OAAS评分。结果两组患者血流动力学均稳定,但瑞芬太尼组在气管插管后,上神经外科头架时以及拔除气管导管时血压心率较为稳定,而芬太尼组血压升高,心率增快;瑞芬太尼组自主呼吸恢复时间、轻唤睁眼时间、拔管时间较芬太尼组短,拔管后5min OAAS评分较高（P<0.05）,结论丙泊酚靶控输注复合瑞芬太尼用于神经外科麻醉时,诱导迅速平稳,血流动力学稳定,停药后清醒快,对气管导管耐受性好,适用于神经外科手术。     

瑞芬太尼静脉麻醉在声带小结摘除术中的应用

目的研究不同剂量的瑞芬太尼静脉麻醉在声带小结手术中的应用。方法ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级择期行声带小结摘除术患者60例,随机分为3组,每组20例。芬太尼(F)组:芬太尼诱导插管后以异氟烷吸入维持麻醉;小剂量瑞芬太尼(L)组:瑞芬太尼诱导插管后以0.5μg/(kg·min)的速度持续输注维持麻醉;大剂量瑞芬太尼(H)组:瑞芬太尼诱导插管后以1μg/(kg·min)的速度持续输注维持麻醉。观察三组麻醉诱导及维持期血流动力学变化和苏醒期苏醒质量及相关时间。结果(1)H组麻醉术中循环波动较小,且显著低于F、L组。(2)L、H组呼吸恢复、拔管、呼之睁眼及离开手术室时间均早于F组,L、H组在拔管后5min的OAA/S评分高于F组,L、H组间差异无显著性。结论瑞芬太尼麻醉应用于声带小结摘除术,有术后苏醒快的优点。瑞芬太尼1μg/(kg·min)的速度持续输注能有效地抑制气管插管和置入支撑喉镜时的应激反应,维持血流动力学稳定。     

非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术的围术期管理

目的　探讨非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术的围术期管理。方法　回顾性分析 2 2例冠心病施行非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术的围术期管理措施。结果　 2 2例患者围术期血流动力学稳定 ,无一例改为体外循环下手术 ;平均麻醉时间( 16 0± 40 )min ;平均输血量 ( 2 5 0± 85 )ml;术后 12h平均胸液引流量 ( 118± 5 8)ml。结论　非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术的围术期管理的关键是加强监测、维持体温正常、合理使用正性肌力及血管扩张药物、维持血流动力学和内环境的稳定、防止心律失常的发生。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的快通道麻醉管理

目的探讨非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植手术的快通道麻醉的围术期管理。方法择期行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术80例,采用静吸复合全身麻醉,咪达唑仑＋丙泊酚＋芬太尼＋维库溴铵麻醉诱导,瑞米芬太尼＋丙泊酚＋维库溴铵＋异氟醚麻醉维持,根据脑电图双频谱指数（BIS）监测维持恰当麻醉深度。所有病例常规监测心电图（ECG）、心率（HR）、动脉血压（ABP）、中心静脉压（CVP）、心输出量指数（CI）。术中使用硝酸甘油、艾司洛尔、去氧肾上腺素、多巴胺、多巴酚丁胺、米力农调控血流动力学指标,保持血流动力学平稳。结果所有患者均获手术成功,手术时间105～165min,麻醉时间145～200min。所有病例麻醉过程平稳,无麻醉意外和麻醉并发症。结论非体外循环下冠脉搭桥快通道麻醉的关键在于维持血流动力性平稳和达到恰当的麻醉深度,避免加重心肌缺血,维持并改善心肌的氧供氧耗的平衡,使用短效的阿片类药物有利于兼顾到恰当的麻醉深度、维持血流动力性平稳和术后较早拔管和恢复。     

舒芬太尼对依托咪酯全麻苏醒期躁动和血流动力学的影响

目的 观察舒芬太尼用于预防老年患者依托咪酯全麻苏醒期躁动及应激反应的临床效果和安全性。 方法 选择90例美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)Ⅰ～Ⅱ级全麻下胃癌根治手术患者,年龄60～75岁,随机分为3组,S组为舒芬太尼组,F组为芬太尼组,R为瑞芬太尼组。S组全麻诱导、维持均为舒芬太尼,F组全麻诱导、维持均为芬太尼,R组全麻诱导、维持均为瑞芬太尼。记录患者围麻醉期间血流动力学变化,术毕患者均入复苏室,观察2组患者术后全麻恢复期并记录3组手术气管导管拔管后(T1)、20 min (T2)及30 min (T3)的MAP、HR及SpO₂变化,复苏室停留时间、术后相关并发症、苏醒期的Riker镇静躁动和VAS评分,拔出导管后30 min进行面部表情、肢体动作、活动、哭闹、可抚慰性(FLACC)评分。 结果 在麻醉诱导期和术中3组患者血液动力学均稳定。在麻醉恢复期,舒芬太尼组(S组)患者平均心率和动脉压与芬太尼组(F组)、瑞芬太尼组(R组)比较更为平稳;舒芬太尼组患者躁动发生率及Riker躁动镇静评分、FLACC评分明显低于芬太尼组和瑞芬太尼组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);患者苏醒时间、拔管时间3组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。 结论 舒芬太尼可使患者苏醒期血流动力学环境更加稳定,不影响患者术后拔管和苏醒时间,可有效预防依托咪酯麻醉恢复期躁动的发生率和减少应激反应。      

非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥手术的麻醉管理

目的探讨非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥手术(off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery,OP-CABG)的麻醉及围术期管理。方法拟行OPCABG患者22例,术前行降压、扩冠治疗,采用芬太尼-异氟醚静脉和吸入复合全麻,维持足够麻醉深度,术中应用去氧肾上腺素、间羟胺调控血压,硝酸甘油扩冠,多巴胺辅助循环,阿托品、艾司洛尔控制心率,保持血流动力学平稳。结果麻醉效果满意,术中血压心率调控稳定,术后苏醒时间(3.5±0.8)h,拔除气管导管时间(10.3±2.2)h,本组病例均无麻醉意外及手术死亡。结论术前准备充分,术中合理应用麻醉药物和血管活性药物,根据患者情况和手术步骤调控患者的生理状态和麻醉深度,维持血流动力学平稳,控制心律,降低心肌氧耗和心肌抑制,是OPCABG麻醉成功的关键。     

舒芬太尼和芬太尼麻醉诱导对冠脉旁路移植术患者血流动力学的影响

目的比较舒芬太尼和芬太尼麻醉诱导对冠脉旁路移植术（CABG）患者血流动力学的影响。方法将60例ASAⅡ-Ⅲ级择期非体外循环CABG患者随机分为芬太尼组（F组）和舒芬太尼组（S组）各30例，F组以芬太尼10ug／kg，S组以舒芬太尼1ug／kg，均配伍咪唑安定0．05mg／kg、维库溴铵0．08mg／kg缓慢诱导。分别于麻醉诱导前、麻醉诱导后气管插管前、插管后1、5和10min监测平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、心排血指数（CI）和中心静脉压（CVP）等血流动力学参数。结果与芬太尼相比，舒芬太尼麻醉诱导更平衡，血液动力学更稳定。结论舒芬太尼用于非体外循环CABG麻醉更容易维持血液动力学稳定，麻醉效果更佳，安全性更高。     

丙泊酚芬太尼全凭静脉靶控输注麻醉在腹腔镜手术的应用

目的:观察丙泊酚和芬太尼全凭静脉靶控输注麻醉在腹腔镜手术临床应用的效果。方法:采用静脉靶控输注麻醉进行腹腔镜手术82例,观察麻醉诱导和气管插管拔管时的血压、心率变化,进行统计分析。结果:全部手术顺利完成。患者术中血流动力学平稳,未出现插管反应,术后随访无术中知晓。结论:丙泊酚与芬太尼全凭静脉靶控输注麻醉用于腹腔镜手术时,麻醉诱导平稳,术中血流动力学稳定,术后恢复良好。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.