中国小型猪冠状动脉囊扩张术后的组织学及形态学特征

目的 研究中国小型猪冠状动脉球囊扩张术后的组织学及形态学特征，建立中国小型猪冠状动脉内介入术后再狭窄动物模型。方法 对１６头中国小猪左冠动脉前降支或回旋支行球囊过度扩张术，分别在术后３ｄ和术后３０ｄ处死动物，通过ＨＥ、马宋三色和维尔霍夫－范吉杂色切片，观察血管最大内膜厚度、新生内膜面积、狭窄程度、血管周长和管腔周长的变化：通过免疫组织化学观察α－平滑肌肌动蛋白（α－ｓｍｏｏｔｈ ｍｕｓｃｌｅ ａｃ     

血管内放射抑制猪髂动脉球囊损伤后狭窄形成的动态观察及机制探讨

目的：评价血管内放射抑制猪髂动脉球囊损伤后狭窄形成的可行性、有效性及其作用机制。方法：小型家猪１３头,分为对照组7头及实验组6头 。对照组左侧髂动脉先行造影及血管内超声检查,随后行球囊扩张成形术,最后置入置源管。实验组在上述处理基础上,通过置源管送入^192Ir高剂量后装源取20Gy对受损髂动脉行放射治疗。术后第3天、第10天及第28天各处死2头,取损伤的髂动脉分别行苏木精－伊红及Masson染色,计算机图像分析系统分析形态学及组织学变化。结果：对经球囊损伤后的猪髂动脉进行血管内放射在技术上是可行的,未见并发症发生。实验组在不同时间点与对照组相比较均可见新生内膜面积及厚度减少、血管腔面积及外弹力膜包绕面积增加现象;新生内膜中胶原含量有增生受抑现象。结论：在球囊扩张成形术后即刻应用血管内^192Ir 20Gy放射治疗,第３天起明显抑制新生内膜形成,第10天时新生内膜抑制达到高峰,血管发生有意义的正性重塑,到28天时血管正性重塑更加明显,从而达到有效抑制动脉损伤后狭窄形成的效果。     

中国小型猪冠状动脉球囊扩张术后的组织学及形态学特征

研究中国小型猪冠状动脉球囊扩张术后的组织学及形态学特征 ,建立中国小型猪冠状动脉内介入术后再狭窄动物模型。方法 :对 16头中国小猪左冠动脉前降支或回旋支行球囊过度扩张术 ,分别在术后 3d和术后 30d处死动物 ,通过HE、马宋三色和维尔霍夫 范吉荪染色切片 ,观察血管最大内膜厚度、新生内膜面积、狭窄程度、血管周长和管腔周长的变化 ;通过免疫组织化学观察α 平滑肌肌动蛋白 (α smoothmuscleactin ,α SMA)阳性细胞分布。结果 :球囊扩张术后 30d组最大内膜厚度、新生内膜面积、血管狭窄程度均明显增加 ,而血管周长和管腔周长均减少 ,其差异均具有显著性意义 ;球囊扩张术后 3d ,血管外膜区可见炎性细胞浸润 ;球囊扩张术后 30d外膜出现大量的纤维素样物质沉积 ,同时血管损伤处外膜出现大量的α SMA阳性细胞。结论 :在球囊扩张术后 30d ,建立了中国小型猪冠状动脉介入治疗后再狭窄动物模型。     

血管球囊损伤后内皮增生及血管重构对再狭窄的影响

采用球囊拉伤血管内膜加高脂饲养的方法建立兔髂动脉粥样硬化模型，４～６周后行双侧髂动球囊扩张术，分别于术后１，３，７，１４，２８ｄ取病变血管段病理标本，应用病理学方法及计算机图像分析，观察术后不同时间点的血管增生及重构情况，结果表明；１．损伤后１ｄ即出现血管增粗（外弹力膜内横截面积扩大）并持续至术后２８ｄ。２．损伤后管腔面积前３ｄ增大，７ｄ后开始缩小，３．损伤后内膜增生，从第７ｄ为高峰；中膜增生开始     

辛伐他汀对球囊损伤颈动脉后大鼠血管重塑及血管外膜转化生长因子-β1表达的影响

目的　探讨辛伐他汀对球囊损伤颈动脉后大鼠血管重塑及血管外膜转化生长因子 β1(TGF β1)表达的影响。方法　将雄性SD大鼠随机分为单纯球囊损伤组 (A组 ,n =18)和球囊损伤 辛伐他汀干预组 (B组 ,n =18)。A组只进行球囊损伤 ,B组在球囊损伤前 1周至术后 14d应用辛伐他汀。分别于术后 2、7、14d取颈总动脉 ,应用计算机图像分析系统观察血管管腔面积 (LA)、内膜面积 (IA)、内弹力板环绕面积 (IEMA)及血管总面积 (TA)的变化 ,采用免疫组织化学法检测血管外膜TGF β1的表达。结果　球囊损伤后 14d ,B组的LA、IEMA、TA明显扩大 ,IA则减小 ;B组各时间点血管外膜TGF β1的表达明显低于A组 (均P <0 .0 1)。结论　辛伐他汀可以改善球囊损伤后的血管重塑 ,这种作用可能是通过降低血管外膜TGF β1的表达实现的。     

血管外膜和平滑肌细胞增殖活性及胶原分布对血管重塑影响

目的:动态观察静脉桥再狭窄动物模型中血管外膜和平滑肌细胞增殖活性以及胶原分布的变化,以评价血管外膜及细胞增殖和胶原分布对血管重塑的影响.方法:建立猪静脉桥再狭窄模型,采用血管病理形态学和免疫组化方法,结合Masson染色,观察术后7、30、45天血管重塑、外膜细胞和平滑肌细胞增生指数及胶原的动态变化.结果:①术后7天新生内膜形成逐渐增厚,于术后45天达最大,外膜厚度和细胞密度于术后7天起逐渐增大,术后30天达最高,术后45天较30天相对减少(P<0.05);PCNA染显示,血管外膜细胞和平滑肌细胞增生指数7天显著增加,术后30天PCNA阳性表达达到高峰,45天回到基线水准;②术后7天血管外膜和内膜中胶原增多.术后30-45天见新内膜中含大量胶原,呈进行性增多趋势;血管外膜中胶原术后30天达高峰,而术后45天胶原含量下降,并见局部纤维化;③管腔面积和IElA于术后7天逐渐减小,术后30-45天管腔面积明显小于对照组.术后45天管腔面积最小(P<0.05);剩余狭窄率与管腔面积相反,于术后7天出现逐渐增大,术后45天达最大;重塑指数和EELA术后7天稍有增大.其后不断减小,术后30-45天明显减小(P<0.05).结论:血管外膜细胞和平滑肌细胞的增殖活性改变以及外膜的增厚、纤维化和胶原的重排对内膜增生和血管重塑起着重要作用,参与并促进了血管桥再狭窄的发生过程.     

血管成形术后血管再狭窄及其药物防治研究

动脉硬化引起的冠状动脉病常常需要进行经紧腔冠状血管成形手术治疗，此方法包括球囊插入扩张阻塞的动脉，重超额因管功能和改善血流。但经皮腔冠状血管成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）后３－６个月仍有增生性再狭窄发生，手术约３０－４０％患者症状复发症再次手术。某些在ＰＴＣＡ部位行定向冠状动脉斑块切除术者也有３２－５０％病例发生再和再狭窄。再狭窄问题的深入研究已有２０年，但有关的生物学机制仍不清楚，于今还未有效的防治方法。     

血管内超声评价冠状动脉支架植入对斑块的影响

目的 探讨应用血管内超声评价冠状动脉直接支架植入术(STENT)与球囊扩张后经皮刺冠状动脉腔内成形(PTCA)+支架植入术前后粥样斑块体积的变化及差别.方法 42例经冠状动脉造影诊断为冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者,分别采用STENT与球囊扩张后PTCA+支架植入术.同一患者不同病变可采用不同手术方法.采用血管内超声测量术前、术后粥样斑块体积,比较术前、术后粥样斑块体积变化及2组粥样斑块体积变化的差异.结果 2组术后粥样斑块体积较术前减少.STENT组粥样斑块体积减少(1.08±0.46)mm3;球囊扩张后PTCA+支架植入组粥样斑块体积减少(1.67±0.62)mm3.STENT组粥样斑块体积减少值较球囊扩张后PTCA+支架植入组为低.结论 STENT减少了球囊扩张次数,可减少粥样斑块的破碎及脱落,粥样斑块体积减少值较球囊扩张后PTCA+支架植入组更小.     

腔内支架的临床应用进展

血管内及非血管内支架均称为管腔内支架，是继经皮穿刺血管内球囊扩张成形术后为解决球囊扩张术不足而于８０年代后期发展起来的一项新的介入放射治疗技术，除应用在血管性狭窄外，还应用于非血管性管腔狭窄。本文就腔内支架的类型、作用机理、临床应用情况作一综述。１腔...     

局部应用c-myc反义寡核苷酸对血管成形术后内膜重塑影响

目的：探讨局部转运c-myc反义寡核苷酸对兔腹主动脉粥样硬化狭窄球囊成形术后内膜增殖和重塑的影响。方法：对日本纯系雄性犬耳白兔采用高胆固醇饮食加血管内皮剥脱建立腹主动脉粥样硬化狭窄模型（狭窄≥50％）。随机分为4组：反义治疗组（Ⅰ组）、正义治疗组（Ⅱ组）、盐水对照组（Ⅲ组）及单纯扩张组（Ⅳ组）。分别对各组狭窄段血管进行球囊扩张并进行血管内局部药物转运，4周后取局部药物转运段血管，进行组织形态学及超微结构观察。结果：Ⅰ组新生内膜与中膜面积比率均〈Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组（P（O．05），血管外膜重塑指数〉Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组（P〈0．05）。Ⅰ组c-myc蛋白阳性细胞百分比明显低于Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组（P〈0．01）。结论：c-myc反义寡核苷酸抑制实验性兔腹主动脉血管成形术后内膜增厚、血管重塑。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.