广西贺州市糖尿病及相关危险因素分析

目的了解广西贺州市糖尿病发病情况,分析其相关危险因素。方法,9．2003～2005年广西糖尿病普查资料中提取贺州市10692例的资料进行分析。结果10692例中,糖尿病患者267例,其中18岁以上患者265例。糖尿病患病率为2．5％,糖耐量异常（IGT）患病率2．7％,空腹血糖受损（IFG）患病率0．1％,糖调节受损（IGR）患病率2．9％。按2000年全国普查人口计算标化糖尿病患病率为3．42％,糖耐量异常（IGT）患病率3．76％,空腹血糖受损（IFG）患病率0．10％,糖调节受损（IGR）患病率3．97％。5—18岁人群糖尿病患病率0．037％,标化患病率3．26％。18岁以上人群糖尿病患病率4．9％,标化患病率4．46％,其中60～70岁组发病率最高。肥胖人群糖尿病患病率是消瘦人群的10．07倍,文盲人群糖尿病患病率是大学及以上学历人群的3．14倍。在各种职业人群中,以公务员及农民糖尿病患病率最高,分别是7．3％和6．3％,学生糖尿病患病率最低,仅0．1％。IGT、IGR高发人群,糖尿病患病率亦高。结论年龄、肥胖、文化水平、职业、IGT、IGR是贺州市糖尿病主要危险因素。     

湖北省15岁以上居民糖尿病患病率及影响因素分析

目的：了解湖北省15岁以上居民糖尿病患病率及其影响因素,为糖尿病防控提供依据。方法于2013年10～11月,采取分层整群随机抽样方法,对抽取的湖北省20个县市,100个乡镇及街道,200个行政村级居委会的住户进行了入户问卷调查。采用SPSS18．0软件进行统计分析。结果共调查28555人,患糖尿病者823例（2．88％）,其中城市4．37％,农村1．83％;男性2．61％,女性3．13％;不同年龄间糖尿病患病率以大于或等于65岁组患病率最高（6．61％）,25～＜35岁组最低（0．06％）。经多元Logistic回归分析,城乡、年龄、就业状况、医保类型、饮酒和肥胖是糖尿病的影响因素。结论湖北省糖尿病患病率处于一个相对较低的水平,不同特征人群的糖尿病患病有差异。     

1421名儿童喂养方式与小儿营养性贫血发病率的关系

对北京市和平街地区１９８８～１９９１年出生的１４２１名０～３岁散居小儿喂养方式与小儿营养性贫血患病率的关系进行调查，结果表明，母乳喂养组患病率（１２．７３％）明显低于混合喂养及人工喂养组，而人工喂养组小儿患病率（２０．７５％）最高。患病率与患病年龄的关系：０～１岁组（２４．２２％）明显高于１～２岁、２～３岁组。据统计，该地区母乳喂养率多年来一直维持在很低水平（９％～１３％）。认为母乳喂养是早期防治小儿营养性贫血的重要措施。     

安徽省0－14岁儿童精神发育迟滞现状和病因分析

本文报告在安徽省１６个地区进行智力残疾调查中０－１４岁组儿童精神发育迟滞的调查结果。总患病率为１８．６５％，男女无显著差异；农村（２５．８７％）显著高于城市（５．６４‰）；１０－１４岁组患病率（２４．４２‰）最高；致病原因除病因不详外，遗传性疾病居首位（１４．５５％）；轻度多于重度；６３．９４％的患病儿童需要低能教育。     

鄂尔多斯市机关职员脂肪肝患病率及相关因素分析

目的：了解鄂尔多斯市机关职员脂肪肝的患病率及相关因素。方法：选取鄂尔多斯市参加健康体检的机关职员，收集一般情况、体格检查（身高、体重、腰围、臀围、血压等）、生化指标（空腹血糖、血脂、肝功能等）以及肝脏超声诊断结果。结果：在2650例体检者中共检出脂肪肝586例，患病率为22．11％（男22．84％。女21．56％），标化后患病率为25．32％（男20．12％，女16．08％），男性以40岁以上组最高，女性以50岁以上组最高。但标化后均以30岁以上组最高。脂肪肝组BMI、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、空腹血糖、腰围、腰臀比水平均显著高于非脂肪肝组。随着BMI的增高。男女脂肪肝的患病率均不断上升。脂肪肝组在超重、肥胖、血脂异常、糖尿病、高血压病、ALT方面患病率与非脂肪肝组相比。差异有统计学意义。结论：鄂尔多斯市机关职员脂肪肝患病率高，并有低龄化趋势，以中青年为主。脂肪肝的发生与BMI、肥胖、腰围、腰臀比和甘油三酯等的关系密切。     

1141名电厂职工脂肪肝及常见伴发病流行病学调查

目的了解电厂职工脂肪肝及常见伴发病的患病率，为防治提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法，对电厂共1141名职工进行脂肪肝及其常见伴发病的流行病学调查。结果脂肪肝的患病率为20．95％（239／1141），男性为26．21％，女性为7．26％，男性明显高于女性（P〈0．01）；高脂血症、高尿酸血症、糖尿病和胆石症患病率分别为36．02％（411／1141）、17．09％（195／1141）、3．86％（44／1141）和8．94％（102／1141），男女之间有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；高血压病患病率为7．8％（89／1141），男女之间无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。随着年龄增加女性脂肪肝患病率升高，以60岁以上最高38．89％（7／18），男性脂肪肝患病率则无明显变化；高脂血症、高血压病、糖尿病和胆石症患病率随着年龄增加而升高，高脂血症患病率在50岁以前男性高于女性，50岁以后则无明显差异，而高血压病、糖尿病和胆石症患病男性和女性均为大于60岁最高；高尿酸血症患病率各个年龄组均是男性高于女性，但不随年龄而升高。结论电厂职工脂肪肝及常见伴发病（高脂血症、高血压病、高尿酸血症、糖尿病、胆石症）患病率较普通人群高，并与性别、年龄有一定关系，应当尽早采取综合性的预防措施，以降低脂肪肝的患病率和控制常见伴发病发生。     

糖尿病流行病学研究

目的 研究宁夏银川地区糖尿病患病水平及其部分危险因素。方法 经分层整群随机拉样检查的银川市２０３９名３５～６４岁人群进行问卷调查。结果 男，女性糖尿病患病率分别为３．１１％和４．５４％，标准化率分别为３．０２％和５．３２％；总患病率为３．７８％，总标化率为４．００％，各职业人群患病率干部最高（５．４７％）知识分子次之（３．９５％）工人最低（２．５１％）结论 从调查的１０８个因素（变量）中筛检出２９     

山东省糖尿病流行病学研究──Ⅰ.描述性研究

为了解山东省糖尿病（ＤＭ）患病情况，以分层整群随机抽样方法对２０２２８人进行了调查。结果发现：总患病率为１０．９３‰（９５％ＣＩ９．４９‰～１２．３５‰），其中胰岛素依赖型ＤＭ占４．５％，非胰岛素依赖型ＤＭ占９５．５％；ＤＭ总患病率随年龄递增，≥３０岁为２４‰，≥６０岁达５５．６‰；城市、海岛、沿海患病率高于农村（Ｐ＜０．０１，ＯＲ＝５．４３）与工矿（Ｐ＜０．０５，ＯＲ＝１．６９）；渔民、半渔民、干部患病率高于工人、农民及其他职业（Ｐ＜０．０１，ＯＲ＝４．５９）；不同受教育程度患病率差异显著，文盲组显著高于其余各组（Ｐ＜０．０１，ＯＲ＝２．３３）；男、女患病率未见统计学差异。调查中新发现病人占病人总数的３３．５％，其中农村高达５１％。     

福州市1989～1995年胰岛素依赖型糖尿病发病率调查

目的了解福州市胰岛纱依赖型糖尿病（ＩＤＤＭ）发病率，方法依据世界卫生组织（ＷＨＯ）儿童糖尿病多国计划规定的登记方法，从福州市五区一县２６所医院住院病史中获取ＩＤＤＭ病例，以１９９０年全国人口统计资料计算，结果１９８９～１９９５年间，福州市３０岁以下人群ＩＤＤＭ平均年发病率为０．６４／１０万，女性平均发病率为０．７４／１０万，男性为０．５５／１０万，在各年龄组发病中，男女均以５～９岁组和２５～２９岁     

认识哮喘(4)--哮喘病人比10年前多

支气管哮喘是儿童最常见的慢性呼吸道疾病之一，近年世界各国哮喘患病率均呈明显上升趋势。为了解我国城市儿童哮喘的患病率、发病相关因素及对儿童、家庭和社会的影响，全国儿科哮喘协作组于２０００年６～１０月进行了全国城市儿童哮喘患病率抽样调查，结果表明：（１）患病率：全国总的哮喘患病率为１．５４％，男女比例为１．７５∶１。各年龄组哮喘患病率以３～１０岁较高。经对各省市患病率进行比较，青海最低，重庆和上海较高；华东地区较高（２．３７％），西北地区较低（０．８８％）。（２）发病诱因：７０％的患儿首次哮喘出现在…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.