产后期家庭资源与父母角色适应的相关性研究

目的了解产后期初产妇家庭的角色适应及家庭资源状况，并探讨两者的关系。方法对产后期初产妇（n=194）及其配偶（n=194）进行家庭资源量表和父母角色适应量表调查。结果产后期初产妇家庭的角色适应及家庭资源状况总体良好，且角色适应总分及各部分得分均与家庭资源量表得分呈正相关（P〈0．01）。结论产后期初产妇家庭的家庭资源与角色适应状况密切相关，护士应重视家庭资源对促进父母角色适应的作用，帮助初产妇家庭顺利度过产后期。     

高龄初产妇角色适应与育儿胜任感及产后抑郁的相关性

目的探讨高龄初产妇角色适应现状,并分析其与育儿胜任感及产后抑郁的相关性。方法以便利抽样法选择2020年1月至2021年至5月期间于华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院分娩的126名高龄初产妇作为本研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、母亲角色适应问卷、育儿胜任感量表、爱丁堡产后抑郁量表、简易应对方式量表对高龄初产妇进行调查,应用Pearson分析高龄初产妇角色适应与育儿胜任感和产后抑郁的相关性,并进一步分析其角色适应的影响因素。结果高龄初产妇母亲角色适应总分为(49.33±7.15)分。其中,适应良好34名(26.98%)、适应中等64名(50.80%)、适应差28名(22.22%)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,高龄初产妇角色适应状况与育儿胜任感总分及各维度评分均呈正相关,与产后抑郁总分及各维度评分均呈负相关(P均<0.05);多元线性回归分析结果显示,是否计划妊娠、文化程度、配偶和家人关心程度以及应对方式均是高龄初产妇角色适应的影响因素(P均<0.05)。结论高龄初产妇角色适应与育儿胜任感呈正相关,与产后抑郁呈负相关,临床上可根据相关风险因素对其进行针对性的护理干预,以提高其角色适应能力。     

社会人口学因素对初产妇及配偶角色适应的影响

目的了解产后初产妇及其配偶角色适应情况,探讨社会人口学因素对其角色适应的影响。方法采取问卷调查法对初产妇及配偶进行调查研究。结果初产妇角色适应良好的有158例（68．1％）,初产妇配偶角色适应良好的有107例（61．8％）;单因素分析结果显示：职业、文化程度、年龄等5项因素对初产妇角色适应产生影响。进一步多元分析显示年龄（β=0．140）、对婴儿性别满意度（β=0．318）两项是比较重要的因素。对婴儿性别满意度（r=0．527,P〈0．01）和对婚姻状况满意度与配偶角色适应呈正相关（r=0．502,P〈0．01）。结论初产妇及配偶角色适应总体较好,配偶的照顾行为和亲子依附相对薄弱。     

亲子互动护理干预模式对产后家庭角色适应的影响

目的研究亲子互动护理干预模式对产后家庭角色适应的影响。方法将100个家庭（产妇、丈夫、新生儿）分为干预组和对照组。干预组由经过培训后掌握亲子互动护理干预方法的责任护士一对一进行,对照组由责任护士按常规方法进行。产妇及家属有需求时给予指导及帮助。观察两组产后家庭父亲、母亲的角色适应情况及父母照顾新生儿的自信心。结果干预组产后家庭父亲、母亲的角色适应优于对照组（P〈0.01）;照顾新生儿的自信心优于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论亲子互动护理干预模式教会父母对新生儿的全面认知,并对新生儿从触觉、视觉、听觉、嗅觉等方面进行刺激,从而达到与新生儿的正向互惠反应,增强父母养育新生儿的自信心,使产后家庭尽快进入＂父亲＂＂母亲＂角色。     

产后综合护理干预对初产妇角色适应与应对方式的影响

[目的]探讨产后护理干预对初产妇角色适应和应对方式的影响。[方法]选择入住本院产科的初产妇240例,随机分为对照组与干预组各120例,对照组产妇采用常规护理方法,干预组产妇除采用常规护理方法外,还应用亲子互动、母婴床旁护理、启动社会支持系统和增强产妇自我护理能力的方法进行护理干预,于产后42 d来院复诊时应用母亲角色适应调查问卷和医学应对方式问卷进行测评。[结果]干预组初产妇母亲角色适应得分明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）;干预组初产妇面对维度得分显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）;初产妇母亲角色适应评分与面对应对方式呈正相关,与回避和屈服呈负相关,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。[结论]对初产妇产后实施综合护理干预措施,能较好地帮助初产妇适应母亲角色,提高应对水平。     

产后综合护理干预对初产妇角色适应与应对方式的影响

[目的]探讨产后护理干预对初产妇角色适应和应对方式的影响。[方法]选择入住本院产科的初产妇240例,随机分为对照组与干预组各120例,对照组产妇采用常规护理方法,干预组产妇除采用常规护理方法外,还应用亲子互动、母婴床旁护理、启动社会支持系统和增强产妇自我护理能力的方法进行护理干预,于产后42d来院复诊时应用母亲角色适应调查问卷和医学应对方式问卷进行测评。[结果]干预组初产妇母亲角色适应得分明显高于对照组(P0.01);干预组初产妇面对维度得分显著高于对照组(P0.01);初产妇母亲角色适应评分与面对应对方式呈正相关,与回避和屈服呈负相关,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]对初产妇产后实施综合护理干预措施,能较好地帮助初产妇适应母亲角色,提高应对水平。     

初产妇产后母亲角色适应情况及影响因素分析

目的:对初产妇母亲角色适应状况及其影响因素进行调查.方法:选择200例初产妇为调查对象,采用一般情况调查表、母亲角色适应情况调查表、社会支持情况评价量表、母亲应对方式评定量表进行调查.结果:共收集合格问卷182份,母亲角色适应总分为(52.47±6.25)分,其中适应良好74例(40.7％)、适应中等78例(42.9％)、适应差30例(16.5％).婚姻状况、是否计划妊娠、丈夫关心程度、社会支持利用度、主观支持、积极应对和消极应对为母亲角色适应状况的影响因素.结论:本研究发现初产妇母亲角色适应的影响因素,为进一步有针对性地进行相应的产科护理干预措施提供依据.     

初产妇产褥期母亲角色适应状况调查研究

[目的]了解初产妇产褥期角色适应情况,探讨可能影响母亲角色适应的因素。[方法]采用自设问卷对179名产褥期初产妇的一般情况及母亲角色适应情况进行调查。[结果]初产妇母亲角色适应整体良好。在母亲责任感、应对新生儿哭闹、为新生儿换尿裤、洗澡、添加辅食（鱼肝油及钙片）方面有待加强。产后丈夫关心有利于母亲角色适应,产褥期自己照顾婴儿及有产后异常者影响母亲角色适应。[结论]初产妇产褥期母亲角色适应整体良好,丈夫关心程度、产妇自己照顾婴儿、产后有异常影响初产妇母亲角色的适应,产科护理工作者应有针对性地加强健康教育,并把对产妇的健康教育及指导延伸到社区护理中,以促进产妇母亲角色适应。     

初产妇产褥期母亲角色适应状况调查研究

[目的]了解初产妇产褥期角色适应情况,探讨可能影响母亲角色适应的因素.[方法]采用自设问卷对179名产褥期初产妇的一般情况及母亲角色适应情况进行调查.[结果]初产妇母亲角色适应整体良好.在母亲责任感、应对新生儿哭闹、为新生儿换尿裤、洗澡、添加辅食(鱼肝油及钙片)方面有待加强.产后丈夫关心有利于母亲角色适应,产褥期自己照顾婴儿及有产后异常者影响母亲角色适应.[结论]初产妇产褥期母亲角色适应整体良好,丈夫关心程度、产妇自己照顾婴儿、产后有异常影响初产妇母亲角色的适应,产科护理工作者应有针对性地加强健康教育,并把对产妇的健康教育及指导延伸到社区护理中,以促进产妇母亲角色适应.     

初产妇产褥期母亲角色适应状况及其影响因素

[目的]描述初产妇产褥期母亲角色适应状况,并探讨其影响因素。[方法]选取产后40d～50d行产褥期检查的初产妇40人,采用初产妇产褥期母亲角色适应情况调查表测试初产妇产褥期母亲角色适应状况。[结果]初产妇产褥期母亲角色适应情况总分为64.88分±10.13分,不同年龄、受教育程度和丈夫的关心程度对初产妇产褥期母亲角色适应有影响。[结论]在众多影响初产妇母亲角色适应因素中,年龄、教育程度、丈夫关心程度的影响尤为突出,提示产科护士应运用评判性思维有针对性地帮助产妇提高母亲角色适应能力。     

临床护理人员工作倦怠与家庭功能的相关性研究

目的调查临床护理人员工作倦怠的现状,分析家庭功能与工作倦怠之间的关系。方法采用整群抽样的方法,应用工作倦怠感量表、家庭功能评定量表对165名临床一线护理人员进行调查。结果护理人员的去人性化、个人成就感呈高度倦怠,情绪耗竭呈中度倦怠,家庭总的功能处于健康水平。情绪耗竭与家庭角色呈正相关（P〈0．05）,去人性化与角色、行为控制、总的功能呈正相关（P〈0．01）。结论家庭功能对护士工作倦怠有显著的影响,护理管理者应重视对护理人员家庭的支持,从而预防和降低护理人员的工作倦怠,维护其身心健康。     

癌症患者家庭适应性与家庭坚韧力、社会支持的相关研究

目的调查癌症患者家庭的适应性现状,结合家庭韧性理论探讨癌症患者家庭适应性与家庭坚韧力、社会支持的相关性。方法采用一般资料调查表、家庭适应性量表、家庭坚韧力量表和社会支持评定量表对130例癌症患者家庭进行问卷调查。结果癌症患者家庭适应性得分为(49.55±5.93)分,低于国内常模(P0.05)。癌症患者家庭适应性与家庭坚韧力总分及各维度、社会支持总分及各维度均呈正相关。结论癌症患者家庭的适应水平较低,应加强对癌症患者家庭适应性的关注;提高其家庭坚韧力和社会支持水平,可促进家庭的积极适应。     

Paternal postpartum depression, its relationship to maternal postpartum depression, and implications for family health

BACKGROUND: Much attention has been paid to the problem of postpartum depression in women. However, there is some indication that men also experience depression after the birth of a child, and that paternal depression is linked to maternal depression. AIMS: The purpose of this integrative review was to examine current knowledge about postpartum depression in fathers. Specific aims were (1) to examine the incidence of paternal depression in the first year after the birth of a child, (2) to identify the characteristics and predictors of paternal postpartum depression, (3) to describe the relationship between maternal and paternal postpartum depression, and (4) to discuss the influence of paternal depression on the family and infant. METHODS: A literature search from 1980 to 2002 was carried out using the CINAHL, PsychInfo, and Medline electronic databases. Twenty research studies were identified that included incidence rates of paternal depression during the first year postpartum. These were further examined and synthesized regarding onset, severity, duration, and predictors of paternal depressive symptoms, and for information about the relationship between maternal and paternal depression. FINDINGS: During the first postpartum year, the incidence of paternal depression ranged from 1.2% to 25.5% in community samples, and from 24% to 50% among men whose partners were experiencing postpartum depression. Maternal depression was identified as the strongest predictor of paternal depression during the postpartum period. The implications of parental depression for family health were discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Postpartum depression in men is a significant problem. The strong correlation of paternal postpartum depression with maternal postpartum depression has important implications for family health and well-being. Consideration of postpartum depression in fathers as well as mothers, and consideration of co-occurrence of depression in couples, is an important next step in research and practice involving childbearing families.     

癌症生存者家庭适应相关测量工具的研究进展

介绍家庭适应的相关概念及起源,阐述家庭适应方面常用测量工具的发展历程、内容结构、适用人群、评分方法、信度与效度、应用现状等情况,以期能够指导临床工作者在实践过程中选择合适的家庭适应测量工具,旨在帮助研究者进一步开发适用于我国癌症生存者的特异性家庭适应测量工具。     

护理本科生实习期间角色适应问题的分析与对策

护理专业本科生的临床实习是学校教育的延伸和深化,是理论联系实践提高临床综合能力的重要学习阶段,在此期间,能否迅速完成由学生向护士角色的转变,直接关系和影响到实习教学目标的实现。事实上,实习生临床角色的适应与转变受到诸多内部因素和外部因素的影响。为了进一步完善实习教学基地的建设,对21所医院和242名实习生进行了调查,收集和分析了近两年来各实习教学医院带教老师与学生召开座谈会的资料,分析了影响实习生角色转变的主要因素,并提出了针对性较强的对策。     

团队技能训练对康复期精神分裂症病人社会及家庭功能的影响

[目的]探讨团队技能训练对住院精神分裂症病人社会及家庭功能的影响。[方法]将92例住院精神分裂症病人按照随机数字表法分为对照组及观察组,每组46例,对照组实施常规护理,观察组在常规护理的基础上实施团队技能训练,采用住院精神病病人社会功能评定量表(SSPI)及家庭功能评定量表(FAD)对两组病人进行干预前后社会及家庭功能进行评价比较。[结果]干预后观察组FAD各维度得分均低于对照组、观察组SSPI得分高于对照组,经比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]团队技能训练能改善住院精神分裂症病人社会及家庭功能,促进病人康复,帮助病人更好地回归家庭、社会。     

The effects of postpartum stress and social support on postpartum women's health status

BACKGROUND: Eastern sociocultural systems differ in many ways from Western ones, and these differences influence many aspects of the postpartum period. AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine postpartum women's health status in the wider social context of the Taiwanese family after women return home from the hospital or clinic. METHOD: A longitudinal study was conducted with data collected at the first, the third, and the fifth weeks of the postpartum period. Five hundred and twenty-six postpartum women were included in the study using stratified sampling from clinics and hospitals in Kaohsiung City in the southern part of Taiwan. The Hung Postpartum Stress Scale (HPSS), Smilkstein's Social Support Scale, and the Chinese Health Questionnaire were used to obtain information about the women's postpartum stress, social support, and health status at each time point. Data were analysed with factor analysis, repeated measures MANOVA, and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Three factors associated with postpartum stress were identified by factor analysis: (1) maternity role attainment, (2) lack of social support, and (3) body changes. Furthermore, the level of postpartum stress at the third and the fifth postnatal weeks was higher than at the first. Social support scores at this postnatal week were the highest among the three points in time. In addition, 29%, 41% and 41% of the women at the first, third, and fifth weeks, respectively, had minor psychiatric morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Because the postpartum women's self-reported stress is relatively low whereas the social support is relatively high, especially from the family, this confirms Pillsbury's conclusion regarding the significance of social support during the Chinese women's postpartum period. The study also showed that the three factors associated with postpartum stress were important predictors of postpartum women's health status. Future studies should compare the level of postpartum stress, social support, and women's health status in both Western and Eastern cultures.