云南省洱源县鸟吊山鸟血清虫媒病毒抗体调查

本文报道了检查云南省洱源县鸟吊山8目11科24属26种319份鸟血清对12种虫媒病毒抗原的血凝抑制抗体,发现鸟类既存在乙组虫媒病毒抗体,又存在甲组虫媒病毒抗体。其中9种鸟检出甲组虫媒病毒抗体,阳性率14.4%(46/319);15种鸟检出乙组虫媒病毒抗体,阳性率53.9%(172/319)。被检鸟中携带虫媒病毒抗体最多的是火鸠,抗体达12种之多,其血凝抑制滴度都大于1:80,最高达1:5120。乙组虫媒病毒中的圣路易脑炎抗体的检出,为我国首次报道,血凝抑制滴度高达1:5120。推测我省不仅有乙脑、登革热虫媒病毒存在,还可能有甲组虫媒病毒及其它乙组虫媒病毒存在的可能。由于鸟类生态和分布的关系,导致我省以外的其它地区亦可能存在有多种虫媒病毒。     

云南省西南边境地区人血清虫媒病毒抗体调查

本文报告了云南省西南部4个专州9个县的760份人血清对11种虫媒病毒抗原的血凝抑制抗体检查结果,发现不仅乙脑和登革抗体较普遍,同时也存在其它黄病毒组和甲组虫媒病毒的抗体。
甲组虫媒病毒抗体阳性率平均为36.18%(275/760),其中MAY阳性率最高占总阳性数的68.73%(189/275),其次是CHIK占22.18%(61/275),几何平均滴度(GMT),VEE为164.4,MAY为94.48,CHIK为66.7。有交叉反应的血清178份,占64.73%.
黄病毒组抗体阳性率为77.37%(588/760),其中登革和乙脑阳性率最高,前者为36.58%(278/760,后者为27.89%(212/760),其它病毒的阳性率分别为:KFD22.24%(169/760),MVE22.11%(168/760),KUN18.68%(142/760),POW8.82%(67/760),LGT7.89%(60/760)。黄病毒抗体检查中重复感染者较多,占检查数的33.03%(251/760),占黄病毒组总阳性数的42.69%(251/588)。抗体滴度在1:640以上者有403人,占总阳性人次数的36.64%(403/1100),几何平均滴度为355.8。组内交叉反应率达97.09%。     

贵州地区人血清虫媒病毒抗体调查

从贵州省5个动物地理区划采集的402份人血清对3-11种虫媒病毒抗原的血凝抑制抗体检查结果,发现全省广大地区不仅存在乙组虫媒病毒的感染,而且存在甲组虫媒病毒的可能,这些病毒在不同或同一动物地理区划的分布不同,JE较普遍,DEN-3或相关抗原局限于东南及南部地区。甲组病毒的抗体阳性率为32.69％(102/312),用了3种抗原检测,仅查到MAY或相关抗原的抗体。乙组病毒的抗体阳性率为64.74(202/     

云南省西双版纳地区2011年蚊虫及虫媒病毒调查

目的了解云南省西双版纳地区蚊虫媒介的分布特点及当地虫媒病毒情况,为虫媒病毒病防治提供科学依据。方法在云南省西双版纳州采集蚊虫标本,用细胞培养法分离病毒,并用RTPCR法检测常见虫媒病毒核酸;在西双版纳州采集发热患者血清及脑脊液标本,并用ELISA法检测常见病毒性脑炎IgM抗体。结果共采获蚊虫5属29种13337只,其中三带喙库蚊、中华按蚊、带足按蚊分别占蚊虫标本总数的79.98%(10667/13337)、7.95%(1060/13337)和7.38%(984/13337),三带喙库蚊为当地优势蚊种。采用流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)病毒、版纳病毒、甲病毒属、环状病毒等多种虫媒病毒引物对214批蚊虫标本进行PCR检测,结果均为阴性;采用多种细胞对蚊虫标本进行病毒分离,结果也为阴性。用相关脑炎病毒试剂盒对采集到的52份急性期血清标本及54份脑脊液标本进行ELISA检测,发现乙脑病毒IgM阳性16例,单纯疱疹病毒IgM抗体阳性4例,腮腺炎病毒IgM抗体阳性13例,埃可病毒IgM抗体阳性3例,登革热病毒IgM抗体阳性1例。结论 2011年西双版纳地区采集到的蚊虫标本中未检测到乙脑、版纳及环状病毒等虫媒病毒,但血清学检测结果表明当地发热患者存在乙脑等多种病毒性脑炎感染。     

海南岛鼠血清虫媒病毒抗体调查

本文报告了海南岛兴隆、大丰和立才三地区４０份鼠血清标本对７种１０株虫媒病毒抗原间接免疫荧光抗体的检测结果。结果表明，甲病毒、黄病毒和布尼安病毒抗体的阳性率分别为１７．５％、２０．０％和５．０％。提示：该岛野鼠感染虫媒病毒较为广泛，定期检测鼠血清抗体，可直接反映当地虫媒病毒自然疫源性疾病的流行情况。     

陕西省2005～2006年流行性乙型脑炎报告病例实验室复核检测

目的 对陕西省2005～2006年流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)报告病例标本进行复核检测,并对乙脑阴性标本检测其它病毒性脑炎病毒IgM抗体.方法 对陕西省两年乙脑报告病例的血清及脑脊液标本,用两种国产乙脑病毒IgM抗体捕获酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)试剂盒,澳大利亚Panbio公司生产的乙脑/登革病毒IgM抗体ELISA试剂盒,以及间接免疫荧光方法进行复核检测,并用10种引起病毒性脑炎病毒的IgM抗体ELISA检测试剂盒检测乙脑阴性标本.结果 陕西省2005～2006年送检的9I份标本中,乙脑病毒IgM抗体阳性54份,乙脑病毒IgM抗体检测复核一致率分别为92.68%和100%.24份乙脑病毒IgM抗体阴性血清标本中,13份对7种其它病毒性脑炎病毒的IgM抗体阳性,总检出率为21.67%.结论 陕西省乙脑报告病例的实验室检测复核一致率较高,乙脑检测阴性病例中可能有其它脑炎病毒感染,提高乙脑报告病例的实验室检测率非常重要.     

云南腾冲地区人群虫媒传染病的血清流行病学研究

目的 调查云南腾冲地区人群中虫媒病毒抗体,以了解当地虫媒病毒流行情况.方法 应用间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)对72例不明发热患者血清中虫媒病毒抗体进行测定,同时选取37名健康体检者作为对照组.结果 发热患者血清中乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)、西尼罗病毒(WNV)、基孔肯雅病毒(CHK)、辛德毕斯病毒(SIN)和西部马脑炎病毒(WEE) IgG抗体阳性率依次为41.67％、50.00％、2.78％、1.39％、0.00％;正常人群血清JEV、WNV抗体阳性率分别为18.92％、32.43％,CHK、SIN、WEE IgG抗体均未检出.21例JEV、WNV抗体均为阳性样本的几何平均滴度(GMRT)分别为1:28和1:31.结论 该地区存在着黄病毒和甲病毒感染,还可能存在着其他虫媒病毒感染.     

我国南方人鼠虫媒病毒血清流行病学调查

目的 调查我国南方地区虫媒病毒的感染分布情况。方法 应用间接免疫荧光技术,对我国南方11个地区3077份人血清标本和401份鼠血清标本进行了14种虫媒病毒血清流行病学调查。结果 人血清中甲病毒（SIN,CHIK,SF,MAY,RR,SAG和GET）抗体的阳性率分别是0．64％,1．13％,0．64％,0．04％,0．94％,0．11％和0．18％;黄病毒（JE和DEN1－4）抗体的阳性率分别是2．70％和8．60％;布尼安病毒抗体（XHF和SSH）,在海南人群中的阳性率分别是2．66％和5．33％。在海南三亚、琼中和琼海3个地区的鼠中,甲病毒（SIN,CHIK,RR和SF）抗体的阳性率分别是1．80％,6．31％,4．50％和6．31％;黄病毒（JE和DEN1－4）抗体的阳性率分别是3．69％和8．11％;布尼安病毒（XHF和SSH）抗体的阳性率分别是3．10％和3．79％;结论 在我国南方一些地区生活的人群和鼠类不同程度的感染了甲病毒、黄病毒和布尼安病毒。     

贵州省成人流行性乙型脑炎病毒中和抗体水平调查

  目的  调查贵州省成人流行性乙型脑炎（乙脑）病毒中和抗体水平。  方法  采用多阶段随机抽样的方法,在2017年5~6月采集3个市（州）6个年龄组健康成人血清共360份,应用蚀斑减少中和试验法检测乙脑病毒中和抗体。  结果  360名调查对象中乙脑病毒中和抗体阳性率为55.28%,几何平均滴度（GMT）为1 ∶17.52。不同性别（χ2=10.798,P=0.001）、不同发病率地区（χ2=6.090,P=0.048）成人乙脑病毒中和抗体阳性率差异具有统计学意义（均有P<0.05）;不同年龄成人乙脑病毒中和抗体阳性率在45.00%~60.00%之间（χ2=4.236,P=0.516）;不同民族中,布依族成人乙脑病毒中和抗体阳性率最高（79.17%）。  结论  贵州省成人乙脑病毒中和抗体水平较低,存在成人乙脑流行风险。     

海南省2017-2018年虫媒病毒的分离与鉴定

目的了解海南省虫媒病毒种类及分布变化。方法于2017-2018年在海南省野外采集吸血昆虫标本,所有吸血昆虫标本实验室处理后用BHK-21细胞和C6/36细胞进行病毒分离,同时使用RT-PCR平行检测吸血昆虫标本中虫媒病毒基因。结果共采集到4属(库蚊、阿蚊、伊蚊、按蚊)15062只蚊虫和11360只蠓虫。采集的蚊虫中三带喙库蚊居多,占蚊虫采集总数92.88%(13990/15062)。经组织培养细胞共获得4株病毒分离物,其中3株乙型脑炎(乙脑)病毒、1株盖塔病毒,在5批三带喙库蚊标本中检测到乙脑病毒基因阳性。遗传进化分析结果显示这3株乙脑病毒和5批PCR筛检阳性的标本均属于基因1型乙脑病毒。当地乙脑病毒的最低感染率为0.57‰(8/13990)。在5批蠓虫标本中检测阿卡斑病毒基因阳性,当地阿卡斑病毒的最低感染率为0.44‰(5/11360)。基于病毒S基因和M基因序列的系统进化分析显示这5株阿卡斑病毒处于单独进化分支形成独特的地理分布特征。结论继1980年代以来,从海南省的蚊虫标本中再次分离到乙脑病毒和盖塔病毒、蠓虫标本中检测到阿卡斑病毒。应加强乙脑病毒、盖塔病毒和阿卡斑病毒对人畜动物感染状况及疾病负担的监测,以减少对当地公共卫生健康的危害。     

Mosquito-borne infections in Fiji: II. Arthropod-borne virus infections

Surveys of arbovirus activity in Fiji were conducted over a 10-year period from December 1959 to December 1969. No arboviruses were isolated from over 200,000 mosquitoes, 9000 ticks, or 575 serum samples. Eight thousand human and 1117 bird, bat and animal sera were tested for haemagglutination-inhibiting arbovirus antibody using a variety of group A, group B and Bunyamwera group antigens. Only a small number of low-titre reactions were found among the non-human sera, but 14% of all human sera were found to contain Group B antibody. The antibody prevalence increased with increasing age, from less than 1% for persons born since 1950, to 70% for persons born before 1900. The age differences in prevalence could be used to estimate the time and size of previous epidemics. Differences were found in antibody prevalence between the sexes, between ethnic groups and between persons from different regions. These differences could be explained in terms of climate, location and custom.     

Arbovirus infections in Sarawak,October 1968–February 1970: Human serological studies in a Land Dyak Village

449 human sera collected in a Land Dyak village were tested for antibodies to 11 arboviruses. Japanese encephalitis and dengue virus antibodies were particularly prevalent. The rates of infection with these viruses were estimated to be 5 · 2% per annum for Japanese encephalitis, 8 · 8% for dengue 1 and 4 · 3% for dengue 2. Chikungunya virus antibodies were quite common with an annual infection rate of the order of 5% per annum. Infections with other Group A and B and Bunyamwera group viruses were generally at a low level.     

Surveys of haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody to arboviruses in Aborigines and other population groups in Northern and Eastern Australia, 1966-1971

Surveys of Aboriginal settlements by haemagglutination-inhibition tests against arboviruses of Groups A and B showed very low prevalence of antibody in eastern Queensland, very high prevalence in north-west Queensland and some settlements in the Northern Territory, and intermediate prevalence at other settlements in the Northern Territory. Sera from about 1500 patients received from the general community of east coastal Queensland for diagnostic serological tests, but with no evidence of current arbovirus infection, showed some differences in age distribution of antibody between Ross River virus of Group A (with prevalence rising to a plateau level of 50% from age 30) and Group B (with few reactions in younger age groups and steady rise in prevalence from age 20 to almost 90% beyond age 60).Sets of sera reactive to one Group B arbovirus were titrated by haemagglutination-inhibition test to 8 members of the Group; mean titres to each virus were computed and compared. 2 distinct patterns of response were defined, reacting significantly to both dengue and Murray Valley encephalitis subgroups (east coastal Queensland), or only to the Murray Valley encephalitis subgroup (north-west Queensland and Northern Territory). These findings, the history of extensive epidemics of dengue in eastern Queensland, and other laboratory studies described in this and previous papers, suggest that the broadly-reactive antibody is due to dengue infection. The long persistence of high-titre, broadly reactive antibody after dengue infection in Queensland and elsewhere is seen as an interesting phenomenon worthy of further study.Most of the many reactions to Group A viruses detected in the study were clearly to Ross River virus, but 15 patients gave serological results suggesting past infection with Sindbis virus. One of the 15 had rising titres following a mild febrile illness with lymphadenopathy and rash, suggesting that Sindbis virus may have caused the illness.     

Prevalence of antibodies to arboviruses in various animals in Israel

A serological survey of the prevalence of arbovirus antibodies in various mammals and birds was made in Israel during the years 1959-60, employing the haemagglutination-inhibition technique and using group-A and group-B antigens. High proportions of the animals of several species were found to be positive to group-B arboviruses. Most of these animals showed higher titres against the West Nile virus than against that of turkey meningoencephalitis, but in some cases there were higher titres against the latter virus. Group-A positive sera were also encountered, but in a smaller proportion of the tested animals. Most of the group-A positive sera were also group-B positive, and very few were group-A positive only.     

Isolation of arboviruses in Kenya, 1966-1971

The isolation in Kenya of arboviruses from mosquitoes and patients is reported. Middelburg and Semliki Forest virus (group A), Banzi virus (group B), Bunyamwera and Beliefe virus (Bunyamwera group), Sango virus (Simbu group), Pongola virus (Bwamba group), Tahyna virus (California group), ungrouped AR 1169/64 and a number of viruses still to be identified were isolated from mosquitoes. Of the latter some may be hitherto undescribed viruses. Bunyamwera, Rift Valley Fever and 2 unidentified viruses were isolated from patients. The isolates are discussed against the background of information from isolations and serology performed elsewhere. Attempts are made to define their rôle in human disease. Some superficial suggestions about the ecology are made.     

海南人群及驻地官兵虫媒病毒血清流行病学调查

调查了解海南省人群及驻官兵虫媒病毒感染情况。方法应用间接免疫劳光法对海南省驻地部队和三个地区共６０７份人血清检测了１２种虫媒病抗体。结果：驻地部队３８５份人血清中,黄病毒抗体阳性率为５．７％,甲病毒抗体性为０．５２％;海南省当地２２２份人血清中,黄病毒抗体阳性率为１０．４％,甲病毒抗体阳性率为４．９％。     

Antibodies to Japanese encephalitis virus in human sera collected from Irian Jaya. Follow-up of a previously reported case of Japanese encephalitis in that region

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and other arboviruses are demonstrating an emergence in the southern part of New Guinea Island. JE was previously unknown in this part of the world until 1995 when it was found in the Torres Strait, northern Australia. In this study 96 sera collected from residents of the Timika region of Irian Jaya were tested for antibodies to JEV and related arboviruses by epitope-specific blocking ELISA. Of the 9 sera deemed to be positive for JEV antibodies by ELISA, 5 were collected from persons indigenous to Timika, and who had not travelled to regions where JE is known to be active. This indicates that these individuals were infected with JEV in the Timika area and supports a recent report of a clinical case of JE in this region. Non-immune expatriates visiting or working in the Lowland areas of Irian Jaya and/or Papua New Guinea should consider immunization against JE. Precautions should always be taken to avoid being bitten by any mosquito both in the daytime and at night.